#3
CHAPTER: MATERIAL AND IMMATERIAL
Dining Experience as Parallel Materiality in Architecture
by Saraswati Puspito Nugroho | 08111940000042
Material-immaterial theory dialectics started with the enhancement and appreciation of material existence and construction, which is stated by Alberti. Then, the development of perspective towards material is continued by Pallasmaa that stated the experience of material which is named as immaterial. Jonathan Hill then “ended” the dialectics by emphasizing the importance of material and immaterial fuse. All the context of the main idea of theory has the development of technology –including materials, as the background. However, the perception towards materials to that extent is just secluded in the real material only. As to the present time, the development of material technology has extended to a new material: virtual material. The virtual material has the ability to mimic the real materials.
Then, regarding to the context, the future of the present is unpredictable. However, as technology develops, the future has a chance to be predicted. Currently, most of us enjoy technology as a supplementary, some even see it as the primary thing. However, in the future, it is quite predictable that the majority of the population living is in a technology world that could be titled as a virtual world. The consequence is the real part of human life such as buildings and environment then being neglected. The perspective on materials might changed as well; it will be divided into real and virtual material. There is a high possibility that humans are going to overlook the real material since the main focus of living is not there anymore. If people tend to choose one side then completely ignore the presence of the other one, what if we attempt to see two kinds of material in a parallel way?
Parallel is a condition where we are experiencing and perceiving two types of different thing, in this context, virtual and real material, at the same time. Parallel is contradictory with the one-sided material experience that has possibility to be occured in the future. Even though the human life is going to be spent in the virtual world, but there are activities that can not be achieved in that artificial reality: one of them is eating.
Through this dining place, the parallel interferes the architectural discourse through its formal and spatial, its mass and space, also its material and immaterial. Japanese cuisine eating has different level of intimacy in terms of eating, then it will be integrated to provide numerous types of dining room with its own theme. Dining room 1 and 2 has less intimacy of real material experience and high percentage of virtual material interaction with holograms, while dining room 3 has direct real interaction. Thus, various experience of real-virtual is provided here.
The sequence of architecture experience involves the perception of virtual material by the presence of bamboo-like projection, real material with the real bamboo, then ended with the complexity of real-virtual material in the building. The manipulation is present: the virtual replaces the real and vice versa, thus causing the parallel experience.
The Architecture of Non-Visual Material: Sound Coworking-Space
By Tristansha Noor Andini | 08111940000002
Starting the idea by reviewing the “Material-Immaterial” theory by three architects; Alberti, Pallasmaa and Hill. This expanded knowledge into the material and immaterial worlds. Each architect responded differently based on their knowledge as well as the situation they were experienced. Alberti thought that architectural materials should be perceived as they are, because the material defined the aesthetic. While Pallasmaa stated that architecture should be felt rather than only seen, material should be used for more than just the eyes. The most recent, Jonathan Hill, said that the immateriality of architecture is determined by the user, and that architects should design the material of architecture in which immateriality can be perceived. Similarly, to ‘the substance of architecture determines whether a building is architecture or not’.
All three architects who debate about the ‘material-immateriality’ of architecture is actually hold the same belief: architecture is characterized by the ‘visible’ material. It appears to be impossible to depict architecture that is not materially focused. Even if immateriality is vital, it still depends on how the material can be visualized. As a result, the question “what if architecture happens with a non-visual material?” arose. It leads to another question, what exactly is architecture? What exactly is non-visual material? Is it conceivable? Finally, how do you make it happen?
Sound Coworking-Space is an experimental architecture project that attempted to use sound as the architectural non-visual material. The project aims to demonstrate that architecture is more than simply the materials it employs, and that we should focus on the other fantastic aspects of it that are not visible to the naked eye. It is not intended to completely remove the material from the architecture, but rather to shift our focus from the visual to another human sensory ability, in this case sound.
The project’s use of sound also served to characterize the coworking-space itself. A coworking environment, where many people from various locations can work, should provide a sensation of “beyond-ness”. Because it is utilized by many different individuals, their wants and goals will differ, and the differences in their needs will influence how they choose the location, which in this case can be based on the noise level required in their work area. This is something that ‘Sound Coworking-Space’ attempted to explore.
Each space in the project is defined by some sound, which is linked to the usage of the space and ambience that each space should have. In which each user will identify where they want to be, what they need, and why they want to come. The use of white paint and a list of trees ensures that all visual attention from the project is blurred. That no one will be able to identify if this is a building? Is it a garden, then? What exactly is this structure? The project intended for the user to use their aural sensory to determine what this architecture is. The project’s goal is to merely open the ears and close the visual. Because at the end of the day, this universe is about all of our senses, not just our eyes.
P.s: you can experienced the project by clicking this link
Back to The Future : What if The Past is Presented in The Present Through Material and Immaterial
by Rozaan Roziin Nabilan Cahyono | 08111940000073
“Construction is not only as an extension of material properties but also as an extension of the human body”
“Architecture involves realms of sensory experience which interact and fuse into each other”
Those are some quotes that can be summarized in the book Introducing Architectural Theory. Where the building is not only an extension of the material but also an extension of the human body so that humans can feel and use their senses. The role of material and immaterial in today’s architecture combines these four things, namely expression of material properties, transformation of material, human perception and value judgment. This is because material and immaterial aspects are important in architecture. The architects try to present quality materials so that the experience of the space presented will be different. So the environment is the main characteristic of the atmosphere in an architectural context. The atmospheric elements of the environment consist of material and immaterial elements. The design of PA5 begins with a speculation of what if the past is presented in the present through material and immaterial. Provides perception to the user of an atmosphere or experience of the atmosphere of Situbondo in the past and history. What will later be the use of materials used such as zinc, brick, and concrete to give an old and past impression that is applied to present an old atmosphere.
Atmosphere is the power of affective feelings that influence people’s perceptions and states of mind, therefore the concept of atmosphere is relevant for analyzing architectural works visually to obtain overall perception. Atmosphere as a new theoretical perspective to place spatial and spatial experience as the main subject and a trend in contemporary architectural discussions. The steam locomotive imported from Germany and manufactured by Oreinstein & Koppel, Berlin in 1929 (only 1 year younger than the steam locomotive on the tourist locomotive Cepu, Blora-Central Java made in 1928) is still being operated by the Olean Sugar Factory in mill year 2016 ago. I don’t know whether in the 2017 mill season, will it still be operational? Or it’s no longer working. If it is no longer functioning, where is this steam locomotive? This steam locomotive will be towed back to the garage, caged, cannibalized, or left to lie dormant until it breaks down on its own.
An irony, because we will lose the greatest historical heritage we have ever had as citizens of Situbondo Regency. Indirectly we have taught our next generation to be fascinated by modern technology and slowly erode a sense of concern for historical values, culture and the value of the struggle of their ancestors. And if we really have to look elsewhere, also think about how much it will cost to spend by taking our family on a trip to other areas just to see and enjoy the sensation of the steam train? Steam trains in Kab.
Situbondo seemed to be on the edge. It doesn’t have to be 10 years from now, maybe even in the next 3 years this steam train can’t guarantee that it can be seen and enjoyed by residents of Situbondo Regency. Reviving the glory of the steam locomotive is not only a form of our justice to preserve our cultural and historical heritage, but also to open opportunities for tourism development in Situbondo district. It is not limited to the excitement of the tour, with the simultaneous movement of this tour it is hoped that it will be able to make Situbondo a dynamic and competitive tourist destination, increase regional income, and also encourage an increase in the socio-economic welfare of its people.
Restore and Revitalize The Area: Kenjeran Area that Seems Organized and Comfortable in The Future
by A.A.Gde Satyananda | 08111940000072
In material and immaterial theory there are several opinions from several experts such as Leon Battista Alberti giving advice to weigh repeatedly and check from several expert suggestions all parts when constructing a building before proceeding further by considering problems and costs. Leon also explained suitable materials and gave suggestions for building buildings, such as: wood, stone, lime, sand. besides that, there is also Juhani Pallasmaa who said about the livelihood of human senses in architecture. Juhani is an architectural theorist who criticizes the dominance of the visual sense in architecture. According to Juhani, totality in architectural experience will appear as a totality of sensory experience that undergoes a metaphorical process through mediation and mediation. Juhani places more emphasis on phenomenology in sensation, perception and cognition in order to construct a subjective understanding of architectural casting through the human body. and finally, Jonathan Hill, who argues that immaterial architecture is as important as material architecture and has a long history. The increasing interest in ‘material realities’ is now leading to a search for ‘immaterial’ properties. A strategy, form, and material certainly emerge from one design and continue to grow and mutate into other designs. All architecture is expected to be strong, stable and convincing whether it’s physically, socially, and psychologically.
The design of PA5 begins with speculation about what if the past is presented in the present through material and immaterial. Providing perceptions to users of the atmosphere or experience of a clean, beautiful and safe Kenjeran atmosphere will be present in the future. this is because at this time people think that kenjeran is a dirty and poorly maintained area so that people are rarely interested in visiting it.
There are various ways for Architects to present a better atmosphere and change the mindset of someone who currently considers the Kenjeran area to be a dirty, dirty and messy area. Kenjeran has a number of tourist attractions that have not been optimally developed, including Watu-Watu Beach, Kenjeran Beach, Kenjeran Park, as well as local processed seafood products. The tourist attractions in this location are located close to each other and are in one coastal area. However, the variety of potential Kenjeran tourist objects and attractions has not been able to make the Kenjeran tourist area a leading tourist destination for the city of Surabaya. Therefore, its development requires directions that are in accordance with the potential and problems of the region as well as policies related to the development of the area.
The problem with this design is how to get residents interested in visiting the bulak fish center. One solution that can be realized is by sharing access from one place to another, such as sharing access from the Bulak Fish Center which can go directly without crossing first on the highway. Apart from that, the government needs to control illegal traders and illegal parking where they shouldn’t be there so that there are no more traffic jams and the water in Kenjern will continue to improve as before if residents don’t throw their garbage anywhere.
In addition to the development being carried out, we also need to educate the local residents so that their mindset can change. All the work that has been done will be in vain if the people still have the same mindset as before. like for example one day when the area has been tidied up, but the people are still stubborn by selling on the side of the road even though a place has been provided for selling (Bulak Fish Center), this makes all the efforts that have been done in vain.
Renewable Exploration: Paravan Culture Center
by Muhammad Daffa Samudera | 08111940000017
Material and immaterial cannot be separated and two are in conjunction with each other and are not contradictory. Material emphasizes the physical aspects of the material. Meanwhile, the immaterial places more emphasis on the non-physical quality of the material. By processing the material as well as possible it will produce certain non-physical qualities.
The use of resources is increasingly needed by humans. Resources are divided into 2, namely renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Mineral resources such as stone, iron ore, etc. are included in non-renewable and limited resources. Continuous use of these resources will cause these resources to become scarce and will run out. So to reduce the use of non-mineral resources, alternative renewable resources are needed so that they will continue to exist. Renewable materials that can be used as alternative mineral materials are wood, bamboo and so on.
Each material resource has different physical and non-physical qualities. So that in the application of materials to buildings, it is necessary to explore physical and non-physical qualities. In addition, with material exploration, various types of non-physical qualities will be obtained from the exploration of a material. So, if mineral materials run out, how can renewable materials replace mineral materials and the physical and non-physical qualities that will be occur?
The use of alternative materials in buildings requires a transformation of these materials. The transformation is carried out to get some physical and non-physical qualities of a material that will be used in buildings.
Steel is a mineral material that is very often used in buildings. That’s because steel can be easily shaped and has good ductility. However, the existence of steel as a non-renewable material will be limited, so alternative materials are needed. Wood and bamboo are alternatives in the use of renewable materials that are often chosen. This is because the two materials have material properties that are suitable for the structure and construction of buildings. The application of wood and bamboo also produces almost the same non-physical qualities, both bring a natural impression and also give warmth to the space. Wood and bamboo also have flexibility in their application so that they can replace steel which is generally often used in modern buildings which have unique shapes and expressions. With the transformation of the arrangement of bamboo as a space divider, it will be different when arranging bamboo vertically and arranging it hyperbolically. In addition, the arrangement of bamboo as a shaft or column will also be different from the arrangement in the form of woven. This also applies to wood materials, the expression of wood that is used as a wall that is installed in general will be different from the wood that is transformed by applying the folding concept to the expression of the building. The addition of other elements to the space that uses different transformations in the building will produce different non-physical qualities in a space.
SAMSARA: Terlahir Kembali
by La Ode Muhammad Illyin Abdul Rahman | 08111940000015
Through evidence in the form of historical threads within the scope of Architecture, there are several threads that state specifically the meaning of a material and immaterial. Exploring this matter, we need to take a few steps back to see what traces have been left by Architecture that has made an impression to this day.
Judging from the opinion of an expert in architecture, namely Alberti, who focuses on materials, states that “Material is the material that makes the building live, therefore each material should represent the best way to use it in order to show maximum results so as to be able to show how a material should be used.” .” (Albert, 1986). A few years later, someone who is also an expert in Architecture namely Pallasmaa stated that “The fact is that a sense is connected with the building is important, therefore the use of materials should show an age or history covering every human trace in the use of materials and activities that leave these traces. ” (Pallasma, 1996). While history shows that there are two contradictory opinions, in the following years someone will actually see that these are two things that can be united and have the same important portion, Hill argues that “Architecture which is material and an immaterial is something that is actually connected. And it is said that the two are connected in every way and it is even difficult to separate the two.” (Hill, 2006).
With this historical journey, it has opened the eyes of architectural scholars to look again at what the concept of material and immaterial is actually like, the material that is actually seen makes a building live, basically it has traces and also history that creates a sense of the building. A simple conclusion can be drawn that material creates a non-physical concept that can be called immaterial.
From this, it finally triggers a number of questions that make us speculate about an event, Will a building with a certain typology in the past give the same feeling in the present? Then, if the material used in the past is replaced with a different material, will it give a different feeling even though the building typology is the same? If you have different feelings, are these feelings positive or negative towards a particular material change or typology?
With an immaterial concept that is very broad and triggers unlimited views, it is collided with speculation that “A typology of buildings or materials used in a building will create a feeling in humans and this will be triggered again when humans feel similar feelings in the present or in the future through the same typology or material in the past.” But is the same typology or material able to create a different feeling? This is what triggers the emergence of a “paradigm shift” known as TRAUMA. A paradigm shift or trauma is a concept that exists in both physical and non-physical systems and this is increasingly changing as the wider context related to trauma increases. A paradigm in the past is trying to be changed through a traumatic approach that allows a positive feeling to emerge compared to what happened in the past with an object, namely the fish market.
The fish market with the trauma of the community that it is a dirty place and always try to stay away from it when there is no interest in it other than shopping, with a similar typology and use of materials in the past, can this paradigm be changed for the present. A thing that becomes SAMSARA or Reborn.
/Prompt We Learn From AI
by Ralf Samuel Kalensang | 08111940000077
Based on Jonathan Hill’s theory about materiality immateriality, the advancement of material and computational technology, materials can be derived from any tangible object, such as light. Where each material can provide a different experience according to the user’s perspective.
In the future, AI will be able to learn from humans by utilizing human data and big data set from the internet. The innovation made by AI will affect the human experience by modifying its atmosphere. As a result, AI will ‘dominate’ human existence. At the city scale, public buildings and skyscrapers will be designed by AI by processing human data based on the context. AI will also process human data, proposing more mass customization to each user.
‘What if we learn from AI?’ was brought into a design in the form of a church building on Panglima Sudirman Street, Surabaya. Along with the experimental aspect of the design, the building is explored to emphasize the light as the immaterial feature used. In contrast to other buildings of worship, where the light is at a singular point as a symbol of God’s presence, by taking the way AI works, namely having many options, the design is able to provide different light options that enter the chapel and is perceived by the user at the same time. It creates a new profound meaning in which God is omnipresence.
Different light options created by dividing seating arrangement into 4 sections, shape of the building, various dimensions and colors of opening.
Meandering Me
by Wirawan Ichsan Adrianto | 08111940000046
Fast-paced living is a lifestyle that seems to continuously carry out an activity without giving pause to daily life. This fast-paced lifestyle can make us miss the little moments in life that we should romanticize. The theory of immaterial architecture by Jonathan Hill can make architecture that provides a sensory experience for its users so that it can create a slower perception of time. The “slow architecture” approach is used as a tool to create a rock climbing area that implements immaterial theory.
The term “slow architecture” basically aims to create the conditions for a more immersive spatial experience. The ideal atmosphere for slowing down, being in the moment, and enjoying time meaningfully. Slow architecture provides time and space for refuge in our busy lives. The passage of time per unit time may not actually be slower, but our experience of the space is as if it were.
Griya Upeksha : Rehabilitation for Mental Disorders
by Riezfilyandha Triana Putri | 08111940000078
The increase in mental disorders is currently very high. This increase was dominated by adolescent sufferers who experienced many mental disorders in the form of anxiety disorders, major mental disorders, behavioral disorders, as well as PTSD, and AHD. People with mental disorders can be interpreted as someone who have symptoms characterized by changes in their thoughts, feelings, and behavior that cause impairment/dysfunction in carrying out daily activities. Another issue is also the community’s view of the place of the mental disorder that is not good/has a bad stigma against the building. The role of architecture is to answer this. The design that will be made is a rehabilitation center that can accommodate neglected mental disorders patients and change the stigma towards bad mental disorders buildings. From this, speculation arises that what is the role of the architect in influencing a person’s subconscious by creating a shelter that can remove the bad stigma in a social institution and provide peace for the patient’s subconscious by applying material and immaterial theories.
The concept taken in the design is in the form of ease by sight to remove the bad stigma of mental disorders in social institutions. Changing the stigma of society with a change in the brand image of the building that existed before. The principles that can be used are convenience, certainty (the use of clear time settings), and using a Mid-Century Modern Style Design. The second concept is Therapeutic Architecture to provide calm for the patient’s subconscious. The principles that can be used are a healing environment, care in the community, Design for domesticity (creating an atmosphere like at home), and social valorization (maintaining privacy and security). As well as material and immaterial concepts using natural sources. So the design will focus on ventilation, lighting, atmosphere, circulation, nature as a healer, spatial, and materials. The aspect of applying ventilation to the design of the roof truss with the shape of the arch makes it easier for rainwater to fall and relieves absorbed heat because it is made of wood. The application of the atmosphere can be seen from the roof garden as a socializing area and a container for vegetation that can provide fragrance to respond to the patient’s taste. The lamp is in the form of the application of Low Emissive Glass technology. And the material is the use of cross-laminated timber on the walls and floors of the building.
It is hoped that the design will serve as a building for recovery by describing the serenity of the patient’s subconscious and as a building that can change the community’s stigma towards the mental disorders building. The roles of humans are not different but will complement each other.
