ECCE
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This document discusses early childhood care and education (ECCE) in Odisha, India. It outlines the key government programs that provide ECCE, including the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, which operates over 71,000 centers across Odisha. The document also discusses the curriculum used in ECCE centers, quality standards for ECCE, roles of NGOs, capacity building for ECCE personnel, and challenges facing ECCE in Odisha such as inadequate funding, shortages of staff and materials, and lack of coordination among programs. Suggestions to strengthen ECCE include increasing funding, improving infrastructure, hiring more staff, enhancing supervision and coordination among child development initiatives.
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ECCE
- 1. Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in Odisha Dr. Sudarshan Mishra Department of Education Ravenshaw University, Cuttack Email: smishra@ravenshawuniversity.ac.in
- 2. Content • Early Childhood Care and Education • Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme • Role of Government and Non-government Organization in organizing ECE • Capacity building of personnel in ECCE • Problems and issues in ECCE
- 3. Early Childhood Care and Education • Children in the age group 0-6 years constitute around 158 million of the population of India (2011 census). • Article-45: The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years • The NPE - 1986 emphasised the importance of pre- primary education and termed it in broader perspective as Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).
- 4. • According to NPE - 86, ECCE and pre-primary education should be integrated fully to strengthen primary education in particular and develop human resources in general. • SSA says, ECCE is a feeder and support programme for primary education.
- 5. Quality Dimensions of ECCE • NCF-2005 has identified six basic dimensions of quality to be addressed namely : (i)Development of appropriate curriculum (ii) Trained and adequately rewarded teachers , (iii) Appropriate teacher child ratio , (iv) Infrastructure support of children‘s need and (v) Encouraging supervision and monitoring and (vi) Improvement in learning level .
- 6. Curriculum • OPEPA, Department of School and Mass Education and Department of Women and Child Development, Govt.of Odisha, jointly developed ANUNIMA the curriculum for the age group of 3 to 6 years based on developmental stages of children. • Both ECCE centres and AWCs are to follow ARUNIMA as their curriculum. • This curriculum is for 120 school working days in a year. • The contents covers five broad areas: linguistic, physical, mental, social and skill development.
- 7. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme • world's largest integrated early childhood programme • Odisha has around 71,000 sanctioned centres • 60,918 Anganwadi Centres and 10,216 Mini Anganwadi Centres.
- 8. Major objectives of ICDS • Improve nutritional and health status of 0-6 years children. • Lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child. • Reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity a malnutrition. • Enhance the capability of the mother/care giver to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
- 9. ICDS Services • Supplementary Nutrition • Immunization • Health Checkup • Referral Services • Pre-School Education • Nutrition & Health Education
- 10. • ICDS was universalised in the year 2002. • After the universalisation of ICDS, 326 ICDS projects are working in all the 314 blocks of 30 districts and in 12 urban areas of Orissa.
- 11. ICDS beneficiaries • Expectant and Nursing mothers • Children less than 3 Years of age • Children between 3 and 6 Years of age • Adolescent Girls between 11-18 years and other women 15-45 Years Age
- 12. Management • The District Collector: heads the ICDS Co- ordination Committee which should meet every month to discuss issues related to ICDS. • Sub-Collectors are the Chairpersons of ICDS who provide support and guidance through reviews. • At the village level, ward members, Jaanch Committee and Mothers Committee are involved in implementation and monitoring of the various activities.
- 13. ICDS TEAM • comprises the Anganwadi Workers, Anganwadi Helpers, Supervisors, Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs) and District Programme Officers (DPOs). • Anganwadi Worker, a lady selected from the local community • Besides, the medical officers, Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) form a team with the ICDS functionaries to achieve convergence of different services.
- 14. Features of ICDS Programme (Source: The Primary Teacher : July, Oct 2008 and Jan 2009 )
- 15. Pre-school Education • children aged 3-6 years come under the ambit of pre- school education. • aims at universalization and qualitative improvement of primary education, by providing the child with the necessary preparation for primary school, especially in remote and socio-economically backward areas. • different activities are organized at Anganwadi Centre, relating to physical, cognitive, social, emotional, creative development of children • facilitated by the Anganwadi Worker.
- 16. Role of Non-government Organizations Cooperation with Development Partners • Several international agencies/development partners including UNICEF provide technical assistance to ICDS programme both at the central and State level. • GoI-UNICEF Programme of Cooperation • DFID (Department for International Development, Govt. of United Kingdom): • WFP (World Food Programme): • CARE India
- 17. Capacity building of ECCE personnel • OPEPA, ICDS, SCERT, UNICEF, are joining hands over training and strengthening the overall development of ECCE. • The training manual has been developed by OPEPA/SCERT, with help of experts from the areas and from different institutes • Manual is full of suggestive activities for transaction of the curriculum. • a total of 300 RPs per district have been listed. • The training duration has been 6 days both for RPs and ECCE Instructors/AWC workers conducted separately.
- 18. • The AWC workers have to complete 30 days training in a year. • The monthly visit by experts and field functionaries to ECCE is undertaken for follow up action and to get a feed back and on the spot guidance to ECCE Instructors/ AWC workers.
- 19. modules/ Guidelines include • (a) Teachers Training Module on Gender Sensitization, • (b) cluster Co-ordinator Training Module and • (c) job chart of Cluster Co-ordinator and ECCE Instructors and month wise suggestive list of play materials for ECCE. To improve other quality aspects of ECCE, the monitoring formats for model cluster school (MCS) Co-ordinators and ECCE Instructors have been developed and used.
- 20. Problems and issues • pre-school education is not given priority • Budget allocation is inadequate • shortage of personnel. Anganwadi workers (AWW) are over burdened • shortage of equipments/study materials/play kits • lack of supervision and monitoring • lack of motivation of AWWs • lack of coordination among the functionaries of ICDS • medium of instruction at times not mother tongue
- 21. Suggestions to strengthen ECCE • pre-school education should come under fundamental right • Along with nutrition, health and immunisation, ICDS should give more priority to pre-school education. • Budget allocation should be enhanced • good school building • adequate play kit and other materials • sufficient number of personnel should be appointed.
- 22. • need of regular supervision and monitoring of pre-school education • enhance salary and perks • provide community support • proper coordination among the functionaries of ICDS • Education of parents • education tribal language/mother tongue
- 23. • All schemes and programmes related to child development and education, like the Mahila Samakhya, ICDS, Mid-day- Meal scheme, school Health Programme, and Non-formal education should come under one umbrella with coordinated Planning and implementation. This will lead to integrated development of children with optimal utilisation of resources
- 24. Thank you