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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Premier</strong> <strong>Magazine</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong> <strong>Users</strong><br />
TM<br />
VOLUME 4 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1983 $3.25
THE PROWR.ITER COMETH.<br />
(And It Cometh On Like Gangbusters.)<br />
Evolution.<br />
It's inevitable. An eternal<br />
verity.<br />
Just when you think you've<br />
got it knocked, and you're<br />
resting on your laurels, somebody<br />
comes along and makes<br />
a dinosaur out of you.<br />
Witness what happened to<br />
the Centronics printer when<br />
the Epson MX-80 came along<br />
in 1981.<br />
· And now, witness what's<br />
happening to the MX-80 as<br />
the Pro Writer cometh to be<br />
the <strong>for</strong>emost printer of the<br />
decade.<br />
SPEED<br />
MX-80: 80 cps, <strong>for</strong> 46 full lines<br />
per minute throughput.<br />
PROWRITER: 120 cps, <strong>for</strong><br />
63 full lines per minute<br />
throughput.<br />
GRAPHICS<br />
MX-80: Block graphics standard,<br />
fine <strong>for</strong> things like bar graphs.<br />
PROWRITER: High-resolution<br />
graphics features, fine<br />
<strong>for</strong> bar graphs, smooth curves,<br />
thin lines, intricate details, etc.<br />
PRINTING<br />
MX-80: Dot matrix business<br />
quality.<br />
PROWRITER: Dot matrix<br />
correspondence quality, with<br />
incremental printing capability<br />
standard.<br />
FEED<br />
MX-80: Tractor feed standard;<br />
optional friction-feed kit <strong>for</strong><br />
about $75 extra.<br />
PROWRITER: Both tractor<br />
and friction feed standard.<br />
INTERFACE<br />
MX-80: Parallel interface<br />
standard; optional serial<br />
interface <strong>for</strong> about $75 extra.<br />
PROWRITER: Available standard-either<br />
parallel interface<br />
or parallel/serial interface.<br />
WARRANTY<br />
MX-80: 90 days, from Epson.<br />
PROWRITER: One full year,<br />
from Leading Edge.<br />
PRICE<br />
Heh, heh.<br />
Marketed Exclusively by Leading<br />
Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike<br />
Street, Canton, Massachusetts<br />
02021. Call: toll-free 1-800-343-6833;<br />
or in Massachusetts call collect<br />
(617) 828-8150. Telex 951-624.<br />
LEAD I MG<br />
EDGE:<br />
For a free poster of '/Ice"<br />
(Prowriter's pilot) doing his thing,<br />
please write us.
. ,.~, •Cl,ll.!Kl\_l,jQ.\ ...<br />
\I?.~ : !~l'l lli:,1~!1.~. ; :l'.t!'~<br />
·~~ .~ IW!p .. ~<br />
::£~~~~~~~~*'~~<br />
da.AAl< 1t\MIAAl>~~ '·'" :!l."-\fl ·~:::~<br />
ilM...t~~~ll!ftl.J>.w:111-,~• dlc:~11~<br />
Insert pictures. graphics or spread-sheet data into reports. Duplicate<br />
<strong>for</strong>m letters-automatically changing addresses on each. Now. all<br />
your programs can work together to produce printed output.<br />
Fo~ the first time ever. here is a buffer that not only frees your fast computer<br />
from your slow printer but also allows you to rearrange. compose<br />
and copy your data on its way to the printer.<br />
• Random Access Printing-stores paragraphs or pictures <strong>for</strong> printing<br />
in any order-any number of times.<br />
•FIFO Printing-conventional first-in first-out operation.<br />
• Compression of data <strong>for</strong> efficient utilization of memory sr:iace.<br />
• Ability to interrupt long-term buffer operations <strong>for</strong> straight-thru shortterm<br />
printing.<br />
• Simple Erase feature to clear buffer.<br />
•Automatic duplication capability.<br />
•Easily expandable, by you, from 8K Bytes to 128K Bytes.<br />
<strong>The</strong> IS Pipeline is Universal-it works with any parallel (Centronics • -<br />
style) computer/printer combination. A special version Is available <strong>for</strong><br />
PKASO Printer Interfaces.<br />
<strong>The</strong> IS Pipeline is a self-contained unit with operating manual. cables<br />
and power supply included.<br />
For more in<strong>for</strong>mation on the truly revolutionary IS Pipeline Random<br />
Access Printing Buffer, call us today.<br />
Interactive Structures Inc.<br />
146 Montgomery Avenue<br />
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004<br />
Telephone: (215) 667-1713<br />
• Centronics is a trademark of Centronics Doto <strong>Computer</strong> Corp.<br />
<strong>The</strong> IS Pipeline Random Access Printing Buffer is patent pending.
TakE a bilE ...<br />
..::t:<br />
~<br />
:w """<br />
Pl<br />
lx1\ 11
COMPLETELY REDESIGNED.<br />
NOW, THE GRAPPLER+.<br />
<strong>The</strong> original Grappler was the first<br />
graphics interface to give you hi-res<br />
screen dumps from your keyboard.<br />
<strong>The</strong> new Grappler+ with Dual Hi-Res<br />
Graphics adds flexibility w!th a<br />
side-by-side graphics printout of<br />
page 1 and page 2.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Grappler+ can now be used<br />
with the <strong>Apple</strong>® Dot Matrix,<br />
the Okidata 84, and is <strong>Apple</strong> Ill<br />
compatible: In addition, the IDS<br />
Grappler+ is currently available<br />
with color capability, including<br />
color graphics screen dumps.<br />
UP TO 64K BUFFER OPTION<br />
An optional Bufferboard can now<br />
be added to all existing Grappler<br />
and Grappler+ interfaces. See<br />
your <strong>Apple</strong> Dealer <strong>for</strong> details.<br />
•Requires additional software driver.<br />
••Requires graphics upgrade.<br />
© Orange Micro, Inc. 1982<br />
ACTUAL APPLE II PR INTOUT USING GRAPPLER AND EPSON MX100.<br />
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc.<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> is a registered trademark of <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc.<br />
THE GRAPPLER+ FEATURES:<br />
• Dual Hi-Res Graphics • Printer<br />
Selector Dip Switch • <strong>Apple</strong> Ill<br />
Compatible* • Graphics Screen<br />
Dump • Inverse Graphics •<br />
Emphasized Graphics • Double Size<br />
Picture• 90° Rotation •Center<br />
Graphics • Chart Recorder Mode<br />
• Block Graphics • Bell Control<br />
• Skip-over-pert • Left and Right<br />
Margins • Variable Line Length ~<br />
• Text Screen Dumps • also works<br />
with Pascal and CP/M®<br />
THE GRAPPLER+ INTERFACES<br />
WITH THE FOLLOWING PRINTERS:<br />
• Anadex • <strong>Apple</strong> Dot Matrix<br />
• Centronics 122 • C. ltoh ProWriter<br />
• DMP-85 • Epson Series** •IDS<br />
460, 560, Prism 80and132,<br />
Microprism • NEC 8023 • Okidata<br />
Series**• Star Micronics Series<br />
• and many other printers<br />
llOrange ffiic_ro<br />
- inc.<br />
1400 N. Lakeview Ave.,<br />
Anaheim, CA 92807 U.S.A.<br />
(714) 779-2772 Telex: 183511 CSMA<br />
Foreign Dealer Inquiries Welcome
A<br />
... ~<br />
If youi- printer uses your <strong>Apple</strong>®<br />
· more than you do,<br />
you need <strong>The</strong> Bufferboarif.<br />
If your <strong>Apple</strong> is locked into the "PRINT"<br />
mode so much that you've taken up solitaire<br />
to kill the boredom, you need a<br />
buffer. And if your computer is the <strong>Apple</strong><br />
II or III, the only buffer <strong>for</strong> you is <strong>The</strong><br />
Bufferboard. Expandable to 64K of storage,<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bufferboard stores an instantaneous<br />
bucketful of print data from your<br />
computer. <strong>The</strong>n it feeds the data to your<br />
printer at its own printing rate. Your <strong>Apple</strong><br />
is set free from drivirig your printer and is<br />
ready <strong>for</strong> more data from you.<br />
Take your existing interfaceand<br />
buffer it!<br />
Only <strong>The</strong> Bufferboard has a simple<br />
Interface-Docking System. No bulky boxes<br />
or expensive power supplies are needed<br />
because <strong>The</strong> Bufferboard fits right into<br />
your <strong>Apple</strong>-and docks onto your existing<br />
printer interface. <strong>The</strong> result is convenient<br />
and economical buffering of most popular<br />
printer interfaces, including the<br />
Grappler+ interface, Epson interface,<br />
and <strong>Apple</strong> printer interface. Thirty seconds<br />
and a single hook-up are all you need<br />
to end the printer waiting game <strong>for</strong>ever.<br />
Up to 20 letter-size pages<br />
stored at a time.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bufferboard comes standard with<br />
16K, and is expandable to 32K or 64K of<br />
buffering capacity with the addition of<br />
memory chips. This "bucket" will hold up<br />
to 20 pages ofa print job, allowing you<br />
freedom to use your <strong>Apple</strong>.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bufferboard-designed<br />
exclusively <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>.<br />
Specifications:<br />
• Versions <strong>for</strong> Grappler+ interface, Epson<br />
interface, <strong>Apple</strong> interface, and other popular<br />
printer interfaces• 16K buffer standard<br />
• Upgradeable to 32K or 64K • Automatic<br />
memory configuration • Automatic self<br />
test• Includes interface docking cable.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bufferboard is made by Orange<br />
Micro, Inc. ; the same people who brought<br />
you the popular Grappler+ printer interface.<br />
Both the Grappler+ and <strong>The</strong><br />
Bufferboard are now available at your<br />
local <strong>Apple</strong> dealer.<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> is a registered trademark of <strong>Apple</strong>, Inc.<br />
Epson is a registered trademark of Epson America, Inc.<br />
iiorange ffii~ro<br />
- inc.<br />
3150 E. La Palma #G, Anaheim, CA 92806<br />
(714) 630-3620, TELEX: TX 183511 CSMA<br />
For <strong>Apple</strong>s and Printers<br />
© Orange Micro, Inc. 1982
'<br />
TEXTFILE<br />
Ah, yes. What's the story behind the " $650 <strong>Apple</strong>"? Well, we<br />
just couldn't resist that one, considering the month of this<br />
issue. With regret, we must add that the model depicted on our<br />
cover is no longer available-it's the <strong>Apple</strong> I, and that was its<br />
price range. Of course, you had to add a few little things, like a<br />
keyboard, power supply, case, stuff like that But you got a<br />
whole 8K of memory. Steve Wozniak has one on his office wall,<br />
labelled " Our Founder".<br />
Believe it or not, some <strong>Apple</strong> l's still exist out there, and they<br />
have become collectors' items. We're planning a " retrospec·<br />
tive review" of this product. If you have or had one, why not drop<br />
us a line and tell us about your experiences? <strong>The</strong>re has to be<br />
some sentiment left around here someplace.<br />
For some more light reading this April, we offer a Sherlock<br />
·ian tale centering around a Magenta <strong>Apple</strong>, courtesy of Dan<br />
Wasleski and his nimble word processor. <strong>The</strong>n, there's a story<br />
on the up-to-date music of Herbie Hancock, using a plain beige<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>.<br />
On a more serious note, John Uhley takes us into the realm<br />
of direct disk access, and <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc. President Mike<br />
Markkula takes time from his busy schedule to answer a<br />
question about the release of in<strong>for</strong>mation about the inner<br />
workings of <strong>Apple</strong>s. (Now, what gremlin put those two articles<br />
back to back, I wonder?) Neil Lipson brings us up to date on<br />
printers and buffering, the process whereby a printer can be<br />
printing without tying up your computer <strong>for</strong> what can seem like<br />
hours. Check out Neil's analysis of the CPS Myth too.<br />
In upcoming issues, we'll be looking at hard disks, structured<br />
programming, EXEC, new products, your own EPROMS, and<br />
much more. One more thing: we have received some letters<br />
from folks who have had difficulty in reaching or gaining<br />
satisfaction from some firms mentioned in Forbidden Fruit As<br />
the <strong>Users</strong>· magazine, we'd like to check these out more<br />
thoroughly. We'd also like to hear from you if you have had<br />
difficulties ... or if something turned out better than you<br />
thought it would.<br />
We did get some nice notes from individual subscribers<br />
about the plastic bags in which this magazine is mailed; one<br />
Cali<strong>for</strong>nian said it was the only thing that survived the winter<br />
rains. Yes, it costs us a bit more, but that made it all worth while.<br />
And please note that there will not be a May issue of <strong>Apple</strong><br />
Orchard; the next issue will carry the cover date of June 1983. ,<br />
_ __ Voice Machine Communications Inc. __ _<br />
VOICE INPUT MODULE<br />
<strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> II®<br />
'<br />
FEATURES<br />
No application programming necessary<br />
Near perfect recognition 98%+<br />
Unlimited vocabulary using eighty word/phrase subsets<br />
Recognizes anybody's voice<br />
Multi- lingual recognition<br />
Allows simultaneous input of voice and keyboard<br />
DESCRIPTION<br />
~<br />
, if~~<br />
<strong>The</strong> VIM converts spoken words to commands or data <strong>for</strong><br />
your application programs. <strong>The</strong> Voice Input Module has<br />
unexcelled spoken word recognition accuracy at an unmatchable<br />
price.<br />
For ordering or in<strong>for</strong>mation contact:<br />
VOICE MACHINE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.<br />
10522 Covington Circle, Villa Park, CA 92667<br />
Phone(714) 639-6150<br />
APPLICATIONS<br />
<strong>The</strong> VIM is designed to add voice input<br />
to ANY existing <strong>Apple</strong> II application:<br />
• Word Processing • Programming<br />
• Data Input and Retrieval • Measurement, Inspection<br />
• Education<br />
and Testing<br />
• Business<br />
• Control Systems<br />
• Graphics<br />
• Games and Entertainment<br />
• Industrial Automation • Aid <strong>for</strong> Handicapped ~<br />
VIM FOR APPLE II CONTAINS:<br />
Voice Input Module 2020C with:<br />
• 16 channel audio spectrum analyzer<br />
• 6803 high speed microcomputer<br />
• BK Bytes of RAM, 4K Bytes of ROM<br />
Voice Utility Diskette with:<br />
•Vocabulary builder/editor ·Recognition software<br />
• Prompting vocabulary trainer• Vocabulary tester<br />
Microphone, <strong>Users</strong> Manual, cables and connectors.<br />
PRICE: $825.00<br />
Mastercard Visa Accepted Dealer Inquiry Invited<br />
6 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
appla tach notas<br />
PRICE $64.95<br />
Postage and handling included.<br />
Allow 2-3 weeks <strong>for</strong> delivery.<br />
D<br />
Cali<strong>for</strong>nia<br />
Residents add<br />
6-1/2% Tax<br />
($4.22)<br />
Check/ D Master D VISA<br />
Money Order<br />
Card<br />
Make Check/ Money Order payable to INTER<br />
NATIONAL APPLE CORE. Payment must<br />
accompany order and must be in U.S. funds<br />
and drawn on U.S. bank.<br />
MAIL TO:<br />
International <strong>Apple</strong> Core<br />
908 George Street<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
NOW Available direct from International <strong>Apple</strong> Core<br />
or from your local <strong>Apple</strong> computer dealer<br />
Dealer's inquiries: Phone (408) 727-7652<br />
NAME __________________ _<br />
ADDRESS _________________ _<br />
CITY _ _____ __ STATE ___ ZIP ____ _<br />
Interbank No.<br />
Credit Card Signature<br />
Card Expires<br />
INTERNATIONAL<br />
APPLE CORE
Vol. 4, No. 3<br />
Entire contents Copyright o 1983<br />
by International A pple Core, Inc.<br />
Peter C. Weiglin - Editor and Publisher<br />
Donna Caldwell - Managing Editor<br />
Ingrid Worthge - Art Director<br />
Nicole Lefcourt - Editorial Assistant<br />
Val J. Golding - Editorial Associate<br />
Contributing Editors:<br />
Mark L. Crosby - New Products<br />
"Dr. Wo" - Pascal/Languages Editor<br />
Neil D. Lipson, P. E.<br />
A. S. (Woody) Liswood<br />
Morgan P. Caffrey<br />
Jim Linhart - Miscellaneous Cartoonel)'<br />
Dawn Brown · Circulation Manager<br />
Karen Vanikiotis Zinsmeister - IAC Staff<br />
April 1983<br />
Bernie Urba n<br />
Jerry Vitt<br />
Harlan G. Felt<br />
Louis H. Milrad<br />
David Alpert<br />
Joseph H. Budge<br />
Ken Silverman<br />
Roger Keating<br />
A uby Mandel<br />
Wolfgang Dederichs<br />
Jerry Vitt<br />
Bob Sa nder-Cederlof<br />
Bernie Urban<br />
Robert Ra msdell<br />
James Simpson<br />
Stephen C. Lloyd<br />
James E. Hassler<br />
Barry D. Bayer<br />
International <strong>Apple</strong> Core<br />
Officers<br />
Chairman<br />
President<br />
Vice - President<br />
Vice - President<br />
Treasurer<br />
Secretary<br />
Executive Director<br />
Regional Directors<br />
(301) 229 - 3458<br />
(2 14) 369 - 7660<br />
(408) 574 - 521 1<br />
(4 16) 222. 8447<br />
(312) 648 - 4844<br />
(41 5) 342 . 1828<br />
(408) 727 - 7652<br />
P. 0. Box 448, Double Bay 2048, N SW Australia<br />
409 Queen St W., Toronto, Ont. Canada M5V 2A5<br />
A uf Dren hausen 2 4230 Hattingen, West Germany<br />
(Southern United States) (214) 369 - 7660<br />
(Southern United States) (214) 324 - 2050<br />
(Eastern United States) (301) 229 · 3458<br />
(Eastern United States) (6 17) 546-3104<br />
(Western United States) (805) 492 - 3391<br />
(Western United States) (415) 571 - 7370<br />
(Northern United States) (307) 632 - 4934<br />
(Northern United States) (312) 798 · 6496<br />
Advertising Representative:<br />
Jeffrey Ginsberg<br />
(213) 450 - 0056<br />
Address <strong>for</strong> all subscriptions, correspondence,<br />
advertising material, manuscripts, etc.:<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
908 George Street<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
(408) 727 - 7652<br />
APPLE ORCHARD (ISSN 0277 · 1950) is published nine times a yea r by the<br />
International <strong>Apple</strong> Core, Inc., 908 George St, Santa Clara, CA 95050. Second Class<br />
Postage pa id at Santa Clara, CA and ad ditional entry points.<br />
Subscription Rates: $19.50 <strong>for</strong> nine issues in theU. S.; $27.00 (US funds) in Canada,<br />
Mexico, and APO/ FPO addresses; and $36.00 (US funds) <strong>for</strong> addresses elsewhere.<br />
Committee Chairmen<br />
SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS:<br />
Co-ordinator<br />
Louis H_ Milrad<br />
Agriculture<br />
Susie Allen<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> ///<br />
Don Norris<br />
"Cale" Applications John C. Hunter<br />
<strong>Computer</strong> A rt<br />
Stephen W. Long<br />
Denta l<br />
Ellis D. Neiburger<br />
Education<br />
Ted Perry<br />
Family<br />
David Stern<br />
Games<br />
J im Eatherly<br />
Ham Radio<br />
James Hassler (WB7TRQ<br />
Investments<br />
John McMullen<br />
Languages<br />
Tom Woteki<br />
Telecom m unications Craig Vaughan<br />
COMMITTEES<br />
IAC Librarian<br />
Softwa re<br />
Standards<br />
Club Activities<br />
New Club Assistance<br />
Maj. Terry N. Taylor<br />
Dr. Charles Smith<br />
Mark Robbins<br />
Ransom Fields<br />
Karen Zinsmeister<br />
(4 16) 222 - 8447<br />
(408) 746 - 0636<br />
(4 15) 673 - 7635<br />
(4 16) 292 - 2590<br />
(705) 742 - 9872<br />
(312) 244 - 0292<br />
' (916) 485 - 1690<br />
(301) 881 - 2543<br />
(202) 232 . 6046<br />
(307) 632 - 4934<br />
(914) 245 - 2734<br />
(202) 54 7 . 0984<br />
(703) 47 1 - 0572<br />
(213) 372 - 4134<br />
(416) 297 - 3757<br />
(303) 755 - 6440<br />
( 4 15) 863 . 1 093<br />
(408) 727 - 7652
OJ(e,ye
NO POSTAGE<br />
NECESSARY<br />
IF MAILED<br />
INTHE<br />
UNITED STATES<br />
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL<br />
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 1491 SANTA CLARA, CA<br />
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE<br />
AJrA~~~=e~~~!~1~d<br />
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------------------------------<br />
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POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE<br />
"),APPIE Orchard<br />
---=-=- 908 George Street<br />
Santa Cara, CA 95050
-~----- V•AC LINE<br />
BATTERY.••••• 2 M.INUTES<br />
GUARDIAN ~GE&<br />
"1fi.LECTRQNICS, INC.<br />
COPYRIGHT © 1981 - PATENTS PE!"' DING<br />
. 566 IRELAN, BUELLTON, CA 93427<br />
(805) 688-2047<br />
SEE YOUR RH ELECTRONICS<br />
PRODUCTS DEALER<br />
FOR YOUR APPLE II*:<br />
SUPER FAN II'" ......... . .. .......... $ 74.95<br />
SUPER FAN 11'"/ZENER RAY'" ... .. . •... . $109.00<br />
SUPER RAM II'". ............ . $125.00<br />
RH 12 VOLT TRANSVERTER. . . . $149.00<br />
FOR MICRO COMPUTERS:<br />
GUARDIAN ANGEL'" . $595.00
DW Unlocked AP.Pie Utility Disks<br />
or-Don't Blow Your Bucks on Locked-UpUncopyable<strong>Apple</strong> Software,1{]<br />
. .,__,Frame-Up · .... 4-.' FlexText ·· .<br />
HI-SPl!ll!ID Gl\APHICS DISPLAY<br />
BY TOii WJliBHAAll<br />
CREATE PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS of<br />
intermixed hi-res, lo-res and text frames. Easy-tou!IC<br />
and FAST- hi-res iDlllges ·load in 2 1/osecondsl<br />
Pllddles or Keyboardcadvance frames in<br />
<strong>for</strong>ward or reverse.<br />
UNATTENDED SHOWS are possible with each<br />
frame indMdually pre-programmed to appear on<br />
the screen from 1 to 99 seconds. ·<br />
TEXT SCREEN EDITOR letS you create your<br />
own b/w text "slides". Adfi type "live" from Uie<br />
ktjb9ard.cluring presentations if you want.<br />
DISPLAY MODULE: Send entire presentationson-disk<br />
to your friends imd associates.<br />
. FRAME-UP: $29.50<br />
(Includes Peeks/ Pok&s Chart)<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Mechanic<br />
BHAn-WlUTllB/BYT.111-ZAP DISK<br />
BY BBllT KllBSl!JY .<br />
SHAPE EDITOR: Keyboard-draw shapes <strong>for</strong> hie<br />
res animation in your programs. Design proj>ortionally-s<br />
paced typefaces with · special<br />
characters. 6 fonts on the disk. ListablC demos<br />
show how to use f!hape tables to animate games,<br />
graphics and professlonal Charts & Graphs.<br />
. aYTE-ZAP: Rewrite any byte on a disk <strong>for</strong> repair<br />
or alteration. Load entire sectors on the screen<br />
<strong>for</strong> ins . pection. Hex/Dec/ Ascii displays and inp\it.<br />
Complete instructions <strong>for</strong> making trick file<br />
Jiames, restoring deleted files, etc.<br />
MORE: Useful music. text arid hicres tricks <strong>for</strong><br />
your programs. Educational documentation. ·<br />
APPi.i MECHANIC: $29.50<br />
(Includes Peeks/ Polces Ch.art l Tip Book#5)<br />
~'Typefaces<br />
J'OB. .APPLl!I llllCHAl'IIC:<br />
26 NEW FONTS <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Mechanic's Xtyper<br />
and Hi-Writer programs. Most are full 96-chai'acter<br />
fonts, large ~ small, of fully-editable characters.<br />
(<strong>Apple</strong> Mechanic ~uiredJ ·<br />
. BEAGLE MENU: ti9e with your disks. Display<br />
only the filenames.you want (e.g, only <strong>Apple</strong>soft<br />
files or only Locked files) <strong>for</strong> one-key cursor<br />
selection/execution. Space-on-disk, catalog<br />
scan, opttonal sector-number elimination.<br />
1YPEFACES <strong>for</strong> _.ng1e MeChanlc: i20.oo<br />
(Includes Peelpost<br />
Run-number & Date fu programs, put invisible<br />
commands in programs, create INVISIBLE file<br />
names, alplu!betlze/store info ·on disk, convert<br />
decimal to hex or INl' to FP, renumber to 65535,<br />
append programs, dump text-screen to printer.;.<br />
MORE TOO: 21 Programs Total, a best-seUerl<br />
UTILITY CITY: $29.50<br />
(Includes Peeks/ Pokes Chart l Tip Book#3)<br />
. ~ ,JI., G08UB 114.<br />
10 FOR A= 1 TO 22: PRINT CHR$(ASC (MID$(<br />
" IJ- !IPX(T!ZPVS!T JTUFS@", A, 1))- A/ A); .<br />
20 FOR B = 1 TO 4: C = PEEK(49200): NEXT B, A<br />
DOS Boss<br />
DISK COIDlAl'ID l!IDITOB.<br />
BY BBBT KllBSH & JACK CASSIDY<br />
RENAME COMMANDS & ERROR MESSAGES:<br />
"Catalog" can be "C"; "Syntax Error" can be<br />
"Oops" or anything you want. Protect your progi"ams;<br />
unauthorized save-attempt can· produce<br />
"Not Copyable" message. Also UST~prevention<br />
and one-key program-run from catalog.<br />
CUSTOMIZE DOS: Change Disk Volume heading<br />
toyour message. Omit/alter catalog file codes.<br />
Fascinating documentation and tips; how's of<br />
juicy reading and <strong>Apple</strong> experiments.<br />
ANYONE USING YOUR DISKS (booted or not)<br />
will be <strong>for</strong>mattirig DOS the wily you designed it.<br />
DOS BOSS: $24.00<br />
(Includes Peeks/ Pekes Chart a. Tip Book#2)<br />
TipDisk#l<br />
~..._~, ProntoDOS<br />
,...,. HIGH -iJPl!ll!ID DISK 'UTILITY<br />
. BY·TOll WllliBHAAll<br />
HIGH-SPEED DOSI Take a look-<br />
Functton . : . ...... . . .... ... . . ... . . . .. .... . Normal Pronto<br />
BWAD HI-RES IMAGE .. . .. . .... 10 sec. 3 sec.<br />
BSAvE HI-RES IMAGE .. . .. . ... . 12 sec. 6 sec.<br />
WAD 60-SECTOR PROGRAM ... 16 sec. 4 sec.<br />
SAVE 6i:>-SECTOR·PROGRAM . . . 24 sec. 9 sec.<br />
BWAD LANGUAGE CARD . .... . 13 sec. 4 sec.<br />
TEXT FILES .. .. . ... .. .. . . . . . ...... . (no chazteel<br />
BOOT J'RONTO-DOS or anyupdatednormal-3.3<br />
disk. Create new ProntoDos disks with the normal<br />
INIT command. ProntoDos is compatible with<br />
ALL DOS COMMANDS and per<strong>for</strong>ms normally<br />
with almost ALL· programs, including Copy A.<br />
MORE DISK SPACE: ProntDos frees-up 15-<br />
extra-se
Pla11ti114<br />
a SEEd •••<br />
<strong>The</strong> Changing Clima.te<br />
A recent estimate places the number of companies making<br />
microcomputers at about 150. Some of them are making<br />
machines which are " compatible" with the <strong>Apple</strong> II. Some<br />
others are " IBM PC lookalikes". And still others are CP/ M<br />
based Z80·family machines, not necessarily compatible with<br />
either of the two large firms' products, and not necessarily<br />
desiring to be so.<br />
With the anticipated 1983 market <strong>for</strong> such computers<br />
estimated at more than $6 billion (yes, billion), ifs not suprising<br />
that many firms (and, presumably, some more in the planning<br />
and <strong>for</strong>mation stages) would be seeking a share of that market<br />
Just design a technically superior machine, and the market<br />
awaits.<br />
Well, no. That may have been true three or four years ago,<br />
but not today. One stark fact will help to clarify this: one " small"<br />
firm will invest more than $6 million over two years to market its<br />
already-developed small computer. We are now light-years<br />
beyond the " garage startup" stage, where two guys could rub a<br />
couple of chips together and make some money.<br />
When you get down to it, only one computer company has<br />
made the transition from startup to Fortune 500 size: <strong>Apple</strong><br />
<strong>Computer</strong>. And some giant companies who attempted to enter<br />
the market have stubbed their toes quite badly. <strong>The</strong> name of<br />
the game today is marketing; big-buck, sophisticated marketing,<br />
if you're selling computers. This is no longer a friendly,<br />
grass-roots, "hobbyist" market, and it will be even inore<br />
competitive in years to come.<br />
Indulge me in an analogy if you will. Remember the auto<br />
industry? In its pioneering days, more than 300 companies at<br />
one time or another produced one or more automobiles in<br />
places as diverse as Oakland, CA, Indianapolis, IN and<br />
Pottstown, PA <strong>The</strong> survivors were not necessarily the best<br />
technologically, or the most dedicated. <strong>The</strong> survivors were the<br />
best organized, the best financed, and the best marketers.<br />
Many knowledgeable insiders ascribe General Motors' domestic<br />
pre-eminence to their having built up an outstanding<br />
independent dealer network (no mail order), beginning in the<br />
1930s. Read fvly Years With General Motors, by Alfred Sloan<br />
<strong>for</strong> some related insights on development and refinement of a<br />
new technology, and its exploitation in the marketplace.<br />
That process will continue to occur in the microcomputer<br />
market, because it is part of human nature that it occur. By<br />
1990, maybe by 1985, a few large firms will dominate. <strong>The</strong><br />
process will take less time than it did in autoland, because all<br />
things are accelerating. Even the <strong>for</strong>ce ambiguously known<br />
as the Japanese Problem is happening faster in computers<br />
than in automobiles.<br />
It's almost impossible to believe that <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong> will<br />
not be one of those U.S. large companies. To the chagrin of<br />
many hobbyists, that company' s focus has turned toward the<br />
mass market, and away from the technological high. <strong>The</strong><br />
consolation is that those who have purchased and will<br />
purchase <strong>Apple</strong>s have reason to feel good that their machines<br />
will not become orphans.<br />
April 1 983 11
Use of the Disk 11 Interface Card<br />
Through Your Own Software<br />
by John Uhley<br />
This is the first of a series of three articles which will discuss<br />
several techniques used in accessing the Disk fl Interface Card.<br />
<strong>The</strong> routines discussed in these articles will enable a pro·<br />
grammer to access the Disk II without the use of <strong>Apple</strong> DOS or<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> RWTS. This article will introduce the programmer to one<br />
method of accessing the Disk II Interface card and develop<br />
several routines to position the disk drive's magnetic head<br />
across the surface of the diskette.<br />
Each of the eight slots in back of the <strong>Apple</strong> computer is<br />
allocated 16 memory locations <strong>for</strong> 1/0 control. Some of these<br />
memory locations act as softswitches (software switches) and<br />
per<strong>for</strong>m a predefined hardware task when addressed by a<br />
software routine. Other 1/0 memory locations are used as<br />
wormholes through which data can enter or exit the computer.<br />
Most of the <strong>Apple</strong>'s I/ 0 is done on page $CO of memory. <strong>The</strong><br />
following table illustrates the range of memory reserved <strong>for</strong><br />
each slot's softswitches.<br />
In the table below 'S' represents one of the 16 softswitches of<br />
the specified slot<br />
SLOT SOFTSWITCH X·REG<br />
COMMAND<br />
0 s $00 LDA $C08S,X<br />
1 s $10 LDA $C08S,X<br />
2 s $20 LDA $C08S,X<br />
3 s $30 LDA $C08S,X<br />
4 s $40 LDA $C08S,X<br />
5 s $50 LDA $C08S,X<br />
6 s $60 LDA $C08S,X<br />
7 s $70 LDA $C08S,X<br />
Depending on the actual card placed in a given slot the 16<br />
softswitches will per<strong>for</strong>m a different function. This article will<br />
only discuss the effect of these 16 softswitches on the Disk II<br />
Interface Card. <strong>The</strong> table below illustrates the functions of each<br />
of the softswitches.<br />
SLOT<br />
0<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
LOCATIONS<br />
$COBO· $C08F<br />
$C090 · $C09F<br />
$COAO · $COAF<br />
$COBO · $COBF<br />
$COCO · $COCF<br />
$CODO · $CODF<br />
$COEO · $COEF<br />
$COFO · $COFF<br />
One common method of accessing softswitches through<br />
software is to use the <strong>Apple</strong>'s indexed addressing mode. By<br />
adding various values to the address of a slot zero softswitch it<br />
is possible to change the addressed slot by altering the index<br />
register alone. For example, if a program wanted to access the<br />
softswitches of the card in Slot3 the following method could be<br />
used:<br />
LDX #$30 ; (select slot 3)<br />
TURNON LDA $C089,X turn on disk drive in slot3<br />
RTS<br />
and return<br />
Using this technique the same routine can access any slot's<br />
softswitches by changing the value in the X·register:<br />
MEMORY LOCATION<br />
$COBO+ SLOT<br />
$COB1 +SLOT<br />
$COB2 +SLOT<br />
$COB3 +SLOT<br />
$COB4 +SLOT<br />
$COB5 +SLOT<br />
$COB6 +SLOT<br />
$COB7 - SLOT<br />
$COBB+ SLOT<br />
$COB9 ·SLOT<br />
$COBA +SLOT<br />
$COBB+ SLOT<br />
$COBC +SLOT<br />
$COBD +SLOT<br />
$COBE +SLOT<br />
$COBF +SLOT<br />
FUNCTION<br />
Phase 0 off (positioning)<br />
Phase 0 on (positioning)<br />
Phase 1 off (positioning)<br />
Phase 1 on (positioning)<br />
Phase 2 off (positioning)<br />
Phase 2 on (positioning)<br />
Phase 3 off (positioning)<br />
Phase 3 on (positioning)<br />
Power Down (drive off)<br />
Power Up (drive on)<br />
Select 1 (select drive 1)<br />
Select 2 (select drive 2)<br />
Read switch<br />
(1/0 wormhole)<br />
Writeswitch<br />
(1/0 wormhole)<br />
Clearswitch<br />
(1/0 wormhole)<br />
Shiftswitch<br />
(1/0 wormhole)<br />
(SLOT refers to the index value needed to access the<br />
softswitches of a given slot As shown earlier, this value is equal<br />
to that slot number times 16.)<br />
LDX #$60<br />
JMP TURNON<br />
; (select slot 6)<br />
; turn on disk drive in slot 6<br />
; using the same routine<br />
<strong>The</strong> following routines demonstrate some of the techniques<br />
used to activate or deactivate a disk drive. Each time a new disk<br />
12 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
drive is activated it is necessary to wait <strong>for</strong> the drive' s motor to<br />
reach operational speed. One suitable delay loop is illustrated<br />
by the "MWAIT' subroutine.<br />
<strong>The</strong> first eight softswitches are used to position the disk<br />
drive' s magnetic head above the physical tracks of a diskette.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se softswitches are used to rotate a motor which moves the<br />
magnetic head back and <strong>for</strong>th along the surface of a diskette.<br />
By rotating the motor in a clockwise direction the magnetic<br />
head is moved towards higher numbered tracks. Conversely,<br />
counterclockwise rotation <strong>for</strong>ces the magnetic head towards<br />
**'**'********'**'************<br />
·;<br />
~<br />
:I ROUTINE TO TURN ON [il~lVE 1 *<br />
4 • *<br />
5 '****'''**'****'*************'<br />
6 SLOT mu $0001<br />
7 IJA IT mu $0002<br />
8 DISKON EllU $C089<br />
9 DRIVE A mu $C08A<br />
10 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••<br />
11 • *<br />
1 ·1<br />
~<br />
*<br />
SET SLOT EQUAL TO SLOT 6 •<br />
13 • *<br />
14 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••<br />
/000 : A9 60 15 L[IA tlt60<br />
?002: 85 01 16 STA SLOT<br />
17 ***''**'*****'*********'''*'''<br />
18<br />
* •<br />
19 * TURN ON THE DISK IIRIVE ANII<br />
*<br />
20<br />
* SELECT [IRIVE A :1<<br />
21<br />
* •<br />
22 ***'''**'''''''***************<br />
/004: A6 01 23 L[IX SLOT<br />
/006: BD B9 co 24 LIIA DISKON,X<br />
/ 009: [l[I BA co 25 LM ItRIVEr~,x<br />
26 *******''********'*********'**<br />
27 • •<br />
28 • IJAIT FOR [IRIVE TO POl.JER UP :t.<br />
29<br />
* *<br />
30 ********'*''*'*'*****''*''****<br />
?OOC: A9 EF 31 HIJAIT LDA tl$EF<br />
/OOE: B5 02 32 STA IJAIT<br />
/010: A9 DB 33 LDA t1Hl8<br />
7012: 85 03 34 STA WAIT+1<br />
/014: AO 12 35 111.JAITA L[IY U 12<br />
/016: BB 36 HIJAITB DEY<br />
?0 17: [10 FD 37 BNE HWAITB<br />
/019: E6 02 3B INC 1.JAIT<br />
/01B: [10 F7 39 BNE Hl.JrHTA<br />
/01[I: E6 03 40 INC IJAIT+1<br />
/01F: DO' F3 41 BNE MWAITA<br />
?021: 60 42 RTS<br />
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••<br />
2 *<br />
3<br />
* ROUTINE TO TURN ON ItlUVE 2 •<br />
• *<br />
5 **********''''''*'****'*''**'*<br />
6 SLOT EflU $0001<br />
l IJAIT EOU $()0(12<br />
B [l!SKON EOU $C089<br />
9 DRIVEB EOU $C08B<br />
lower numbered tracks. Figures A and B illustrate the concepts<br />
discussed in these paragraphs using simplified models.<br />
Figure C shows a magnetized needle surrounded by four<br />
electromagnetic poles. By magnetizing one of the four poles<br />
the needle is <strong>for</strong>ced to ' point' towards that pole. By magnetizing<br />
and demagnetizing the poles in a given order the needle can be<br />
made to spin in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction (see<br />
figure D).<br />
By replacing the needle with a motor and the poles with<br />
software controlled electromagnets (numbered 0, 1,2,and 3) a<br />
model of the disk drive' s positioning motor can be visualized<br />
(see figure E).<br />
10 ''*****'*''*''*'*'*'*'***'**''<br />
11 *<br />
12 SET SLOT EQUAL TO SLOT 6 •<br />
13 •<br />
14 ·············•**'*'''''''''*'*'<br />
/000: A9 60 15 LDA 11$60<br />
/002 : 85 01 16 STA SLOT<br />
17 ********''''''''*'*****'******<br />
18 *<br />
19 TURN ON 20 • THE DISK SELECT DRIVE Ai~D DRIVE 21 B '<br />
* *<br />
22 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••<br />
?00 4: A6 01 23 LDX :3LOT<br />
/006: Bit 89 co 24 LOA OISl
0<br />
0<br />
3<br />
Figure A<br />
2<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
2<br />
Figure C<br />
Figure B<br />
14 A PP I e Orchard
0 ---> 2<br />
Phase 0<br />
0<br />
----'<br />
,<br />
,<br />
magnetic element of motor<br />
·I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
3<br />
Phase 3<br />
c:::J<br />
Phase 1<br />
c::::i<br />
0<br />
13<br />
2<br />
Phase 2<br />
0<br />
Figure E<br />
0 ( 2<br />
3<br />
0 2<br />
3<br />
Figure D<br />
Each of the eight softswitches used in positioning the<br />
magnetic head actually activates or deactivates a specific<br />
phase of the positioning motor. By addressing these softswitches<br />
in a specific order the motor can be rotated and the<br />
magnetic head positioned bad~ and <strong>for</strong>th along the surface of a<br />
diskette.<br />
<strong>The</strong> following table illustrates the function of each of the<br />
eight 'positioning' softswitches. Note that SLOT refers to the<br />
index value needed to access the softswitches of a given slot.<br />
MEMORY LOCATION<br />
$C080 +SLOT<br />
$C081 +SLOT<br />
$C082 +SLOT<br />
$C083 +SLOT<br />
$C084 +SLOT<br />
$C085 +SLOT<br />
$C086 +SLOT<br />
$C087 +SLOT<br />
PHASE<br />
FUNCTION<br />
0 Turn phase 0 off<br />
0 Turn phase 0 on<br />
1 Turn phase l off<br />
1 Turn phase 1 on<br />
2 Turn phase 2 off<br />
2 Turn phase 2 on<br />
3 Turn phase 3 off<br />
3 Turn phase 3 on<br />
April 1983 15
When positioning the magnetiC: head via software, it is<br />
necessary to wait <strong>for</strong> the positioning motor to physically move<br />
to an activated phase be<strong>for</strong>e that phase is deactivated. For<br />
example, in order to 'pulse' phase 0 of the positioning motor<br />
the following routine might be executed.<br />
LSX<br />
LDA<br />
LDA<br />
LDA<br />
JSR<br />
LDA<br />
RTS<br />
#$60<br />
$C081,X<br />
#$56<br />
$FCA8<br />
$C080,X<br />
; (select slot 6)<br />
· · turn on phase 0<br />
wait <strong>for</strong> motor to move<br />
to the phase<br />
be<strong>for</strong>e deactivating phase 0<br />
and returning<br />
<strong>The</strong> position of the tracks recognized by <strong>Apple</strong> DOS does<br />
not correspond to the phases of the positioning motor in a 1: 1<br />
ratio. Instead, the correspondence of DOS tracks to phases is<br />
in the ratio of 1 :2. All even numbered tracks are positioned<br />
"under" phase 0 and all odd numbered tracks are positioned .<br />
"under" phase 2. When positioned on phases 1 or 3 the disk<br />
drive' s magnetic head is positioned over a half-track (much like<br />
a car driving in two lanes). Half-tracks are not used py <strong>Apple</strong><br />
DOS although some protected software makes use of them.<br />
<strong>The</strong> phase to which a DOS track corresponds qm be<br />
calculated by multiplying the DOS track number by two (using<br />
the ASL opcode). This value represents the number of phases<br />
that must be pulsed from phase 0 (of track zero) in order to<br />
reach the specified DOS track<br />
<strong>The</strong> following routine can be used to position the disk drive's<br />
magnetic head over any physical track of a diskette. All DOS<br />
track numbers must be multiplied by two to account <strong>for</strong> the<br />
unused phases (half·tracks). Access to half tracks can be<br />
accomplished by setting the least significant bit of the multi·<br />
plied track number to 1. If you don't know the current track<br />
number you must recalibrate the magnetic head to track zero<br />
using the "RECAL" routine provided.<br />
000: A9<br />
002: 85<br />
004: A9<br />
00 t.. ~ 8 ~<br />
80<br />
04<br />
00<br />
n ~<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8<br />
9<br />
1 0<br />
11<br />
12<br />
13<br />
14<br />
15<br />
16<br />
17<br />
18<br />
1 9<br />
20<br />
~, 1<br />
22<br />
23<br />
24<br />
25<br />
26<br />
2?<br />
28<br />
29<br />
30<br />
\1<br />
32<br />
!008: 4C 00 08 33<br />
--- END ASSEMBLY<br />
fOTAL ERRORS: 00<br />
11 BYTES OF OBJfCT CODE<br />
WERE GENERATED THIS ASSEMBLY .<br />
********* *******************'*<br />
* • ROUTINE TO POSITION FROM *<br />
* ANY TRA CK TO TRACI{ ZERO *<br />
* RE CALIBRATI ON ROU TINE *<br />
* *<br />
*I*** SI I* I·;.* S '''* *** 'l"t'*'t.'I'**** 'f.* ><br />
CURTRK EDU 10 004<br />
DESTRK EQU S0005<br />
POSIT!ON EQU SOBOO<br />
****'*************************<br />
SET UP "CURTl~I{ " $ "ItESlfW." * FOR THE RECALIBRATION *<br />
·········••****'**************<br />
REC AL LDA #$80<br />
ST1~ CURTRf(<br />
I.DA<br />
**~ on<br />
STA OE ST RI<<br />
'**'******************'*******<br />
* CALL PO SI TION TO 00 IH E *<br />
• DIRTY WOR K... *<br />
NOTE: THE POSITION ROUTINE IS ASS UMED TO BE ORG ' EO AND OBJ ' D AT *<br />
* MEMORY LOCATION 1800 *<br />
* 'I'<br />
****************''*******''*'*<br />
JMP POSITION<br />
-,<br />
~<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8<br />
9<br />
10<br />
11<br />
12<br />
13<br />
14<br />
15<br />
16<br />
17<br />
18<br />
19<br />
20<br />
21<br />
22<br />
23<br />
24<br />
25<br />
26<br />
27<br />
28<br />
29<br />
30<br />
31<br />
32<br />
/000: A9 60 33<br />
/ 00::' : 85 01 34<br />
35<br />
36<br />
J?<br />
:.38<br />
39<br />
*******************'**'*****'*<br />
R Q~TiN E TO POS TTTnN FROM *<br />
* "CURTRK" TO "ItESTRI{" ,;.<br />
* *<br />
•<br />
• fiEMEHBEfi I I I CUIHF:h MW *<br />
DESrnl< l\EFEI\ *<br />
TO PH1~SES... t<br />
1~CTUAL DOS *<br />
*<br />
•<br />
*<br />
THACl
004:<br />
?006:<br />
/ 009:<br />
?OOC:<br />
?OO E:<br />
/010:<br />
?012:<br />
-'O 1 4:<br />
/0 16:<br />
7017:<br />
?019:<br />
/01 B:<br />
/01[1:<br />
/OlF:<br />
M 01 40<br />
BD 89 CO 41<br />
BD BA CO 42<br />
A9 EF 43<br />
85 02 44<br />
A9 [18 45<br />
BS 03 46<br />
AO 12 47<br />
88 48<br />
DO FD 49<br />
E6 02 50<br />
DO F7 51<br />
E6 03 52<br />
[10 F3 53<br />
54<br />
cc<br />
JJ<br />
56<br />
57<br />
MWA! TA<br />
HWAITB<br />
LD X<br />
LOA<br />
LOA<br />
L Or;<br />
STA<br />
LDA<br />
LOY<br />
[ij:y<br />
BNE<br />
INC<br />
BNE<br />
INC<br />
BNE<br />
SLOJ<br />
(I] '.3 1< 01~. '<br />
DI~ [\,IE A, X<br />
UEF<br />
I.J r~ IT<br />
U(l8<br />
IJt"~ TT ·+-1<br />
101 2<br />
Ml.JAlTB<br />
l~AIT<br />
1~1.JA IT A<br />
WAIT+!<br />
MIJAITA<br />
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••<br />
• *<br />
i CHECK I BRANCH ON CUR IRK- *<br />
• DESTRK RELATIONSHIP<br />
/ 04"'<br />
/045 :<br />
/ 048:<br />
/04A:<br />
/04 [1 :<br />
103<br />
1 04<br />
105<br />
106<br />
107<br />
1 08<br />
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April 1 983 1 7
An Extra 3746 Bytes in <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal<br />
by Allen Munro and Mark C. Johnson<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal system makes efficient use of the limited<br />
memory available tb it in a 64K microcomputer system.<br />
System features such as Segment Procedures, which swap in<br />
program portions from disk when they are required, permit<br />
large programs to be written and executed on small machines.<br />
When an application requires a great deal of memory, there are<br />
several standard system features that the programmer cah<br />
apply to squeeze the mai
Two utility functions per<strong>for</strong>m type conversigns in this<br />
program. lnttoptr takes an INTEGER parameter and returns a<br />
pointer. Function Ptrtoint returns an. INTEGER when given a<br />
pointer parameter.<br />
In this example, the local variables of procedure subprocedure<br />
are dynamically allocated storage space as SUBREC.<br />
Each time subprocedure is called, it first checks to see whether<br />
there is adequate space on LOWHEAP. If there is not, the<br />
storage is assigned to HIGH HEAP. <strong>The</strong> state of the two heaps at<br />
the time a procedure is invoked is stored as OLDLOW and<br />
OLDHIGH. When the procedure terminates, it restores the<br />
heaps to their old states, thus freeing storage space <strong>for</strong> use by<br />
coordinate level procedures using the same storage technique.<br />
Statements that refer to the variables in SUBREC should be<br />
in the scope of a Pascal WITH statement Most kinds of<br />
variables can be accessed straight<strong>for</strong>wardly in this manner.<br />
One exception is loop control variables (the index in a FOR<br />
statement). Such variables should there<strong>for</strong>e be declared<br />
normally, as some enumerable type, such as INTEGER.<br />
<strong>The</strong> example in Listing 2 includes recursive calls of Procedure<br />
subprocedure. <strong>The</strong> output of this program, given in<br />
Output 1, shows that successive calls of subprocedure result in<br />
successive allocations of storage <strong>for</strong> SUBREC on the appropriate<br />
heap. <strong>The</strong> MEMA VAIL printed on the first line of Output 1<br />
gives the number of words available be<strong>for</strong>e subprocedure is<br />
first called, according to the standard UCSD Pascal memavail<br />
function. This value does not include the hidden stora~e<br />
available on LOWHEAP. Subsequent references to "words<br />
available" in Output 1 include words still unused in the lower<br />
heap area and above the HIGHHEAP. <strong>The</strong> output shows that the<br />
first two invocations of subprocedure scarcely affect the<br />
memory available in the higher area, because all local storage<br />
<strong>for</strong> these invocations fits on LOWHEAP. When this lower heap<br />
area is used up, the third allocation of local storage is<br />
automatically made in the higher heap area.<br />
<strong>The</strong> dualheap program of Listing 2 per<strong>for</strong>ms no real<br />
function other than to illustrate the principles of automatic<br />
allocation of heap space. Subprocedure is largely a shell that<br />
monitors heap allocation only. In a program that makes<br />
practical use of this technique, the application-specific code<br />
within such a procedure would appear within the scope of a<br />
WITH statement such as WITH SUBRECf DO . . .<br />
In using a dual heap technique such as that demonstrated<br />
here, it is very important that the programmer ensure that each<br />
procedure which dynamically allocates storage <strong>for</strong> its local<br />
variables releases that storage be<strong>for</strong>e terminating. This means<br />
that it is good practice to avoid the use of EXIT to leave a<br />
procedure or function that uses this method. Instead, all<br />
termination paths should lead to code that releases the marked<br />
local allocation be<strong>for</strong>e completing the procedure.<br />
<strong>The</strong> approach sketched here is not in philosophical accord<br />
with the principles of structured programming that Pascal so<br />
naturally expresses. It is implementation-dependent; clearly,<br />
the magic memorylocation4446 (startlowheap) may change<br />
if <strong>Apple</strong> releases a new version of <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal. It requires that<br />
the applications programmer have some understanding of the<br />
messy details of memory allocation. No one should do this if<br />
they can avoid it But it is certainly nice to be able to use those<br />
extra 3746 bytes to accomplish something that couldn't be<br />
done otherwise.<br />
PROGRAM TESTMEM1;<br />
BEGIN<br />
WRITELN (MEMAVAIL);<br />
READLN<br />
END.<br />
Listing lA.<br />
Find the maximum amount of memory available when<br />
Turtlegraphics is not used. If swapping is on, 20408<br />
words are available.<br />
PROGRAM TESTMEM2;<br />
USES TURTLEGRAPHICS;<br />
BEGIN<br />
WRITELN (MEMAVAIL);<br />
READLN<br />
END.<br />
Listing lB.<br />
Find the maximum amount of memory available when<br />
Turtlegraphics is used. If swapping is on, 10621<br />
words are available.<br />
April 1983 19
Listing 2.<br />
A demonstration of the use of two heaps <strong>for</strong> maximum memory<br />
utilization in <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal.<br />
PROGRAM dualheap;<br />
USES TURTLEGRAPHICS;<br />
CONST startlowheap<br />
startscreen<br />
TYPE HEAPPTR= AINTEGER;<br />
= 4446;<br />
= 8192;<br />
VAR LOWHEAP,HIGHHEAP: HEAPPTR;<br />
SCREENSIZE: INTEGER;<br />
outfile: TEXT;<br />
{first available location below screen}<br />
{start of screen memory }<br />
{Global heap pointers }<br />
{number of bytes used by screen}<br />
{ address to integer }<br />
FUNCTION ptrtoint(ADDR: HEAPPTR): INTEGER;<br />
VAR X: RECORD CASE BOOLEAN OF<br />
TRUE: (POINTER: AINTEGER);<br />
FALSE:(INT INTEGER);<br />
END;<br />
BEGIN<br />
X.POINTER:=ADDR;<br />
ptrtoint:=X.INT;<br />
END;<br />
{Turn argment into an address}<br />
FUNCTION inttoptr(I: INTEGER): HEAPPTR;<br />
VAR X: RECORD CASE BOOLEAN OF<br />
TRUE: (POINTER: AINTEGER);<br />
FALSE:(INT INTEGER);<br />
END;<br />
BEGIN<br />
X.INT:=I;<br />
inttoptr:=X.POINTER;<br />
END;<br />
PROCEDURE subprocedure(INVOCATION: INTEGER);<br />
TYPE SUBRECTYPE = RECORD<br />
R1: ARRAY[1 •• 750] OF INTEGER;<br />
{and any other variables desired}<br />
END;<br />
VAR OLDLOW,OLDHIGH: HEAPPTR;<br />
SUBREC: ASUBRECTYPE;<br />
BEGIN<br />
WRITELN(outfile);<br />
WRITELN(outfile,'IN subprocedure, INVOCATON ',INVOCATION);<br />
{ use local ptr vars to save heaps on entry<br />
OLDLOW:=LOWHEAP;<br />
OLDHIGH::HIGHHEAP;<br />
WRITELN(outfile,'SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE=',SIZEOF(SUBRECTYPE),' bytes.' );<br />
IF ptrtoint(OLDLOW)+ sizeof( SUBRECTYPE) < startscreen THEN<br />
BEGIN<br />
WRITE(outfile,'In subprocedure, there is room in lowheap.');<br />
RELEASE(OLDLOW);<br />
NEW (SUB REC) ;<br />
MARK( LOWHEAP );<br />
{memavail doesn't know we can't use memory from<br />
start of screen to true heap, so subtract it}<br />
WRITELN(outfile,' words available=',<br />
20 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
<strong>Apple</strong> disk copy card<br />
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and questions with our answering service at (413) 584-7600. We regre: that we cannot return all calls.<br />
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(Listing 2 cont.)<br />
memavail- (ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP)-startscreen) div 2 );<br />
END<br />
ELSE<br />
BEGIN<br />
WRITE(outfile,'In subprocedure, no room in lowheap. Must use highheap.');<br />
RELEASE(OLDHIGH);<br />
NEW ( SUB REC ) ;<br />
MARK( HIGHHEAP );<br />
{memavail cant see space in lowheap, so add it}<br />
WRITELN(outfile, ' words available=',<br />
memavail + ( (startscreen-1) - ptrtoint(LOWHEAP) ) div 2 );<br />
END;<br />
WITH SUBRECA DO<br />
BEGIN<br />
{ Main body of procedure SUBPROCEDURE<br />
within scope of WITH SUBRECA<br />
•<br />
END;<br />
{call inself to demostrate stacking in heap}<br />
IF INVOCATION>1 THEN subprocedure(INVOCATION-1);<br />
{ Leaving subprocedure, so restore HEAPPTRS to free up memory }<br />
LOWHEAP:=OLDLOW;<br />
HIGHHEAP:=OLDHIGH;<br />
END; {subprocedure}<br />
BEGIN<br />
initturtle;<br />
REWRITE(outfile,'PRINTER:');<br />
WRITELN(outfile,'MEMAVAIL=',memavail);<br />
{set lowheap ptr }<br />
LOWHEAP:= inttoptr(startlowheap);<br />
{set initial heap, after TURTLEGRAPHICS moves it}<br />
MARK ( HIG HHEAP) ;<br />
{find memory lost to screen}<br />
SCREENSIZE:=ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP)-startscreen;<br />
WRITELN(outfile, 1 LOWHEAP STARTS AT 1 ,ptrtoint(LOWHEAP));<br />
WRITELN(outfile,'HIGHHEAP STARTS AT 1 ,ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP));<br />
WRITELN(outfile,'SCREEN MEMORY ( 1 ,SCREENSIZE,' bytes) IS FROM 1 ,startscreen,<br />
' TO 1 ,ptrtoint(HIGHHEAP) );<br />
subprocedure(3);<br />
END.<br />
22 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
MEMAVAIL::8852<br />
LOWHEAP STARTS AT 4446<br />
HIGllHEAP STARTS AT 16384<br />
SCREEN MEMORY (8192 bytes) IS FROM 8192 TO 16384<br />
IN subprocedure, INVOCATON 3<br />
SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE=1500 bytes.<br />
In subprocedure, there is room in~lowheap.<br />
words available=9963<br />
IN subprocedure, INVOCATON 2<br />
SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE=1500 bytes.<br />
In subprocedure, there is room in lowheap. words available=9201<br />
IN subprocedure, INVOCATON 1<br />
SIZE OF SUBRECTYPE:1500 bytes.<br />
In subprocedure, no room in lowheap. Must use highheap. words available=8438<br />
Output 1. Output from the program in Listing 2.<br />
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2190 Paragon Drive, Sanjose, CA 95131408/946-7400
Why <strong>Apple</strong> Doesn't Tell All<br />
by A. C. 'Mike' Markkula<br />
President, <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc.<br />
One of the questions we're often asked is "Why doesn't<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> release more in<strong>for</strong>mation on the details of hardware,<br />
software, and their interfaces?".<br />
First, I don't know of any company that has released as much<br />
of that kind of in<strong>for</strong>mation as we have. Th~ <strong>Apple</strong> II and <strong>Apple</strong><br />
11 I Reference Manuals contain a great deal of in<strong>for</strong>mation that<br />
other manufacturers haven't released. As another example,<br />
John Crossley of our staff wrote an article on <strong>Apple</strong>soft entry<br />
points to various routines resident in the <strong>Apple</strong> II, which was<br />
published in the <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard. <strong>The</strong> International <strong>Apple</strong> Core<br />
and the member clubs have also used other ways to disseminate<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation about how to "get around" inside the <strong>Apple</strong><br />
products.<br />
But there are some things that we haven't released, ahd we<br />
think there's a good reason <strong>for</strong> that It goes way beyond<br />
proprietary in<strong>for</strong>mation, secrecy, and all of that Any in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
that we release on the internals of hardware, of software,<br />
and on the interfaces, carries with it a double-edged sword. On<br />
the one hand, some people may be able to do a few rncire<br />
things iii using <strong>Apple</strong> computers. But those things may cause<br />
trouble <strong>for</strong> them down the line.<br />
Simply, the problem is updates. Let's say we make every<br />
scrap of in<strong>for</strong>mation available, about the <strong>Apple</strong> I I/' s SOS, and<br />
a programmer at. a software company gets in there and<br />
modifies SOS, and publishes a piece of software that depends<br />
on that modification. So far, so good. But we want to continue<br />
to improve SOS, and we put out a neVv'. version. Let's say that in<br />
making the improvement, we've changed something that<br />
obsoletes that software. <strong>The</strong> guy that loses is the customer,<br />
because he's locked into an older SOS, or his copy of the<br />
software product doesn't work correctly.<br />
That's a problem we wrestle with all the time. We keep<br />
hearing that another large computer manufacturer plays that<br />
obsolescenc~ game with a certain amount ot relish; announcing<br />
and introducing upgrades that make present software<br />
obsolete. That may be. But at <strong>Apple</strong>, we're very niuch<br />
concerned that the in<strong>for</strong>mation we do publish is used properly,<br />
and that we don't create that kind of trap <strong>for</strong> other individuals<br />
and companies who write programs to be used on our<br />
equipment<br />
<strong>The</strong> I I e is another example. One of our prime concerns in<br />
developing the new model was to make sure that there is<br />
compatibility with existing <strong>Apple</strong> II software. We spent many<br />
hours testing software, and working with the software develop·<br />
ers to make sure that we maximized compatibility. What we<br />
found was that, in large part, those few pieces of software that<br />
work on the <strong>Apple</strong> II but not on the I I e involved their going into<br />
some routine at other than one of the entry points which we<br />
published.<br />
We have a commitment to those other folks in the <strong>Apple</strong><br />
world not to create an obsolescence that would harm them. I<br />
know that some people think we're tight with some of our<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation because of this. It's not that we don't want people<br />
to know, it's because we don't want people to use that<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation, and get into trouble. And that's why we give so<br />
much thought to what we do publish, and how.<br />
t.i<br />
s<br />
4--<br />
0<br />
iii'<br />
Recognize some of these "key"<br />
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<strong>Apple</strong> and the <strong>Apple</strong> logo are registered trademarks of <strong>Apple</strong><br />
<strong>Computer</strong>. Inc. 1
Review:<br />
Superplotter<br />
by Woody Liswood<br />
Copyright © 1982<br />
Published by:<br />
Dickens Data System<br />
4 78 Engle Drive<br />
Tucker, Ga 30084<br />
( 800) 241 . 6753 Ext. 503<br />
Cost: $69.95<br />
Superplotter is a graphics program that generates various<br />
types of plots: lines, curves and text. <strong>The</strong> program creates pie<br />
graphs, bar charts, point and line graphs. It also displays,<br />
graphically, any of the mathematical functions found in<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>soft.<br />
Other goodies include the ability to edit the Hi· Res screen by<br />
adding text using their graphics screen text editor. Superplotter<br />
also includes a tutorial that explains how to use their shape<br />
tables in your own programs.<br />
<strong>The</strong> documentation is OK. It is understandable and contains<br />
some addenda which help explain some of the features.<br />
In using the program, however, I did find it necessary to call<br />
the Dickens folks about a few of the program's functions. <strong>The</strong>y<br />
were very helpful, returned calls promptly, and were able to<br />
answer my questions. (We'll cover the content of the questions<br />
during the review).<br />
<strong>The</strong> program is menu·driven. It is fairly "user-friendly".<br />
However, it does have some special features fqr which you<br />
must watch out, or you may become quite frustrated. Once<br />
those features become known, you can plan around them,<br />
although I would rather have better documentation which<br />
would explain the workings of the program be<strong>for</strong>e I tried to use<br />
it, rather than try to figure them out after I was involved with the<br />
program.<br />
Here's one example. You can enter data <strong>for</strong> some of the<br />
graphs through a data entry program, or let the program query<br />
you during the set·up phase <strong>for</strong> the graphics. What is not<br />
apparent is that if you enter your data in the data entry mode<br />
and save the file, you don't have to re·enteryour data if you blow<br />
the graphic. If you let the program query you <strong>for</strong> your data<br />
points, and make a mistake like <strong>for</strong>getting to put the title on the<br />
graph, then you must re·enter the query points when you<br />
re<strong>for</strong>mat your graph. Not a big deal, but a small irritation which<br />
should have been covered in the documentation rather than<br />
discovered duririg a trial and error process.<br />
<strong>The</strong> program is unprotected. Dfckens suggests in the<br />
documentation that you might want to add a menu item to<br />
load, run, or whatever, your own particular version of a graphics<br />
screen dump. I did that, and found that to make their menu<br />
look the same, I also had to move around some of the text<br />
located at the bottom of the screen. <strong>The</strong>re was no problem, It<br />
only took about two minutes to add a menu item to GOTO a<br />
subroutine containing a menu which allowed me to dump the<br />
current Hi·Res screen through my Grappler board.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Exec Program<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is also an 'EXEC' program on the disk that goes<br />
through the menu and uses the functions of the program. This<br />
is a good tutorial. However, a word of caution. When you EXEC<br />
the file, it moves so fast you really can't see or understand<br />
anything. <strong>The</strong>re is a way around this problem. Set the speed of<br />
your <strong>Apple</strong> to about 125, then EXEC the demo program. What,<br />
you say, is speed. Well, you can control the rate at which the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> places goodies on the screen. If you want to slow it down,<br />
boot the program. Exit into BASIC. Type 'SPEED = 125' and<br />
«RETURN». Now EXEC the demo program and you can see<br />
what's happening. To me, this small bit of advice should also<br />
have appeared in the documentation.<br />
Pie Graphs<br />
<strong>The</strong> first menu item is <strong>for</strong> PIE GRAPH GENERATION. When<br />
you choose that item, you are given a series of commands. <strong>The</strong><br />
program uses two-letter commands in its various menus to<br />
guide you. <strong>The</strong>y make sense and the operation works. " Tl" is<br />
always Title <strong>for</strong> the Graph. "SD" gets you to the data entry<br />
section. <strong>The</strong>n an " ED" lets you use Data that you already<br />
entered through the data entry main menu section, or a "DS"<br />
will let you enter your data sets interactively. (Watch out: if you<br />
enter interactively, you lose the data if you go back through the<br />
menu and would need to redo the graph).<br />
You can select a PIE with or without filling. " EX" executes the<br />
menu option. In this case, it generates your pie graph from the<br />
previous options you selected. This pie graph generator<br />
worked faster, better, smoother and looks as good as any other<br />
pie graph maker I have used.<br />
After you generate your graphic, any key returns to the main<br />
menu. When you are at the main menu, pressing «ESCn will<br />
always show you the contents of the current Hi· Res screen.<br />
Bar Graphs<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bar graph generator works well, but does some strange<br />
things that are not mentioned in the documentation. (This is<br />
26 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
the part of the program that I called Dickens about.) You can<br />
label the bar graph with a "Tl" . You can enter data with a " DP"<br />
(after a DP you must pick a " DS" or an " ED" <strong>for</strong> interactively<br />
entering data sets or using data that you already entered<br />
through the editor). <strong>The</strong> X axis is labeled with an " XA"<br />
command. <strong>The</strong> Y axis is labeled with the " YA" command.<br />
(However, if you plan on adding text to the graph with the<br />
screen edit do not, do not, put a Y axis label on the graph with<br />
this function. If you do, you will not be able to move your edit<br />
cursor past the Y axis without wiping out some of the data and<br />
ruining the entire project. Again, something that should be<br />
mentioned in the documentation.) You must give a range to<br />
the Y axis using the "YR" command. <strong>The</strong> X axis will automatically<br />
set itself based on the input data.<br />
Another problem here. <strong>The</strong> program will handle up to 25<br />
bars. If, however, you input X axis data the program will garble<br />
the X axis labels when it tries to have numbers under each of the<br />
bars. A call to Dickens brought this solution. Do not inputX axis<br />
values when you enter the data. <strong>The</strong> data is usually entered in<br />
X, Y sets. Like" 1,3''. If you just enter the Y value, like" ,3", then<br />
the program will not have any data to try to scale onto the X axis.<br />
You can then use the screen editor to place any X axis labels<br />
you want. But, remember, if you labeled your Y axis, you can't<br />
get the cursor down to the X axis to place the label. If you need<br />
to enter your X axis label, you must also remember not to label<br />
the Y axis. Once you have figured all this out, the program is a<br />
snap. It just takes a while to understand what it is trying to do,<br />
and Dickens is a great help in giving you in<strong>for</strong>mation.<br />
Polynomial Cuivefit<br />
<strong>The</strong> program also generates a least squares polynomial<br />
_cuivefit based on your X and Y values. <strong>The</strong> maximum number<br />
of input points is 99 and the largest N you can have is 9. This<br />
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April 1983 27
part of the program works. I tested it by generating a second<br />
degree polynomial curve fit through a 42 item maturity curve.<br />
What can I say? I got the same curve that another curvefit<br />
program gave me. I will not take up review space discussing<br />
regression analysis. Part of the analysis gives you a scatter<br />
diagram.<br />
Keyboard Image Shape Table Tutorial<br />
This is text display which tells you how to use the shape<br />
tables utilized by Superplotter in your own programs. This was<br />
interesting to me. Although I don't have a particular need <strong>for</strong><br />
this feature, the author of Superplotter is saying that you don't<br />
need to reinvent the wheel. If you purchased this program, and<br />
you need to use shape tables <strong>for</strong> Hi·Res applications, just<br />
download off the disk and go ahead and use them.<br />
Graphics Disk Storage<br />
This section of the menu allows you to save any Hi·Res<br />
picture you have created as a standard 34 sector binary picture<br />
file. It also allows you to enter any other standard file into the Hi·<br />
Res screen area so that you can address it with the screen<br />
editor.<br />
Data File Editor<br />
<strong>The</strong> next menu item is the Data File Editor. This is the editor<br />
which allows you to create and reuse data sets <strong>for</strong> all the other<br />
functions of the program. It contains a moderately complicat·<br />
ed set of editing commands. <strong>The</strong>y work well; I had no problem<br />
with the editor.<br />
Overlays<br />
<strong>The</strong> program allows you to overlay bar graphs and point<br />
graphs. When you activate the overlay menu item, the next set •<br />
of input data does not require X axis or Y axis labels.<br />
Screen Editor<br />
I saved the best <strong>for</strong> last. This menu item lets you put text on<br />
the Hi· Res screen at almost any location you desire. I use it to<br />
create overhead projector slides <strong>for</strong> presentations. Another<br />
problem here: the documentation assumes that you will always<br />
be editing a graph that was already created and loaded into the<br />
Hi· Res area. <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, there is no provision <strong>for</strong> you to clear the<br />
Hi· Res screen to use it just <strong>for</strong> text. What to do? Well, go back to<br />
the main menu and exit the program. <strong>The</strong>n type HGR 2. This<br />
clears page 2. <strong>The</strong>n type RUN. You go back to the main menu.<br />
<strong>The</strong>n enter the screen editor and there you are, a blank slate<br />
just waiting <strong>for</strong> those words. ·<br />
EVALUATION: This is a good program. It does what it says it<br />
wants to do. I was notable to bomb it during normal use. It does<br />
take a few minutes to get used to, though, and the documenta·<br />
tion could be a little better. But, if you need a program to<br />
generate these types of graphs, you can't go wrong. I would<br />
have this program in my library of business software just to get<br />
the screen editor. It saved me the cost of the program the first<br />
time I created 3 overhead slides in less than 15 minutes when it<br />
would have normally taken about 2 hours using our old<br />
methods.<br />
Response to Review from manufacturer. (edited somewhat<br />
<strong>for</strong> brevity) " ... We feel that you have given us a 'thorough<br />
going·over'. We acknowledge isolated deficiencies in the<br />
manual. We are planning a review to incorporate your recom·<br />
mendations along with some other comments and improve·<br />
ments in our next version of the Superplotter and its manual.<br />
··we would appreciate your passing along the following:<br />
"We do not consider the writing of software a static process<br />
and are always interested in any comments or input that our<br />
users care to give us .... We believe in backing our product,<br />
and are ready to offer whatever assistance or guidance our<br />
customers need ...<br />
THOUSAtllS OF DOLLARS <br />
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28 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
BARS<br />
Example of Superplotter<br />
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Review:<br />
ZOOM GRAFIX<br />
by Woody Liswood<br />
Copyright © 1982<br />
Published by:<br />
Phoenix Software, Inc.<br />
64 Lc:ike Zurich Drive<br />
Lake Zurich, II 6004 7<br />
(312) 438 " 4850<br />
Price: $39.95<br />
This is one of those programs that you need to own. It<br />
prints either Hi-Res screen in any proportion with almost<br />
any combination of printer and controller cards.<br />
<strong>The</strong> first time you boot the disk, you are shown a variety of<br />
printers; select yours. You are then shown a variety of<br />
interface cards; again, select yours. <strong>The</strong> program also<br />
works with the special graphic boards that already contain<br />
on-board software to cause Hi·Res pictures to appear on<br />
your printer. I checked the program out with two of those<br />
boards, the Grappler and the PKASO. Both of those boards<br />
worked well with Zoom Grafix<br />
Why, you ask, would you want Zoom Grafix when you<br />
already have the on-board software? Well, <strong>for</strong> ease of use,<br />
the on· board cards work fine, but they typically don't give<br />
you the editing capabilities that Zoom Grafix does. T ogeth·<br />
er, the Graphics dump boards and Zoom Grafix give you<br />
almost unlimited capability when it comes to working with<br />
and printing the Hi·Res screens.<br />
You are asked whether you want to make these selections<br />
your normal defaults or do you just want to test them (or use<br />
them <strong>for</strong> this work session only).<br />
With this disk, you can go from printer to printer and not<br />
have to buy another graphics print program. I use it with an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> // / and a Qume Sprint 9 printer hooked up to the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> /// Serial port No problems. I also tested it with a<br />
Epson MX.·80 printer and Epson and TYMAC parallel cards<br />
(in addition to the two special cards mentioned above); also<br />
no problems.<br />
<strong>The</strong> program boots by first displaying the Page One Hi·<br />
Res screen and asking if this is the screen to be printed. If<br />
you say no, then it shows Page Two. If you say no again, it<br />
asks <strong>for</strong> the name of the picture file on your disk or if you<br />
would like to see a catalog of the disk <strong>The</strong> program then<br />
shows you the 34 sector picture files on your disk and asks<br />
which to load.<br />
<strong>The</strong>n the main menu asks a series of questions. You can<br />
accept all the defaults and go immediately to print your<br />
picture.<br />
First, you can decide whether you want the white dots to<br />
print as white or black on your printer.<br />
<strong>The</strong>n you can rotate the picture from horizontal to<br />
vertical.<br />
<strong>The</strong>n you can set the size of each dot This is probably (to<br />
me) one of the most valuable features of this program. You<br />
can print each dot on the screen as one dot on your printer.<br />
Or you can print each dot as wide or as high as you wish on<br />
your printer, such as two dots high and three dots wide. This<br />
lets you scale your pictures to fit your intended need. I find it<br />
very useful <strong>for</strong> creating overhead projector charts. I use a<br />
program called Superplotter to write characters on the Hi·<br />
Res screen. Save the picture. <strong>The</strong>n rotate the picture and<br />
print it two tall by one wide using Zoom Graphics. It makes<br />
good slides and takes only 1/ 5 the time as when I created<br />
slides using a Kroy machine, and I don't have to spend $12<br />
on rolls of tape.<br />
Back to the program. You can then set a "Zoom<br />
Window" into your picture. You can specify the coordinates<br />
(top, sides, and bottom) so that you can print only a portion<br />
of your screen. (this is probably the second most valuable<br />
feature of the program). <strong>The</strong> screen is 280 dots across and<br />
192 dots deep. As you choose your parameters, the screen<br />
shows you the window you are creating. If you make a<br />
mistake, just respecify your coordinates. No problem, no<br />
sweat, works great<br />
You can set the left margin <strong>for</strong> your paper so that you can<br />
print your picture on any part of paper you need.<br />
You can then set your print width. This depends on the<br />
printer, the paper, and how much expansion you are going<br />
to do with the other options.<br />
30 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
New Book<br />
ITS JUST GREAT<br />
~<br />
N9 1 IN THE SERIES l-"1:1<br />
&Other<br />
Mysteries.<br />
Dateline: Cali<strong>for</strong>nia,<br />
January 1983.<br />
J. R. Programmer, bit diddler and<br />
hardware hacker extraordinaire', wished<br />
that his APPLE computer had 6522 1/0<br />
capabilities available.<br />
To have that one enhancement<br />
would open new vistas in data acquisition<br />
and display, complete his project, and make<br />
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"Gosh, wouldn't it be nifty?"<br />
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eye over in the book section ...<br />
<strong>The</strong> Custom APPLE<br />
& Other Mysteries.<br />
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"This book gives me the in<strong>for</strong>mation,<br />
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CREATE A WHOLE NEW WORW OF POSSIBIUTIES<br />
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J. R. left the store, also an IJG book<br />
dealer, a very happy man.<br />
Wl11{rled HofaN.-er . EA·keha·rd Floegel<br />
thl! custom DPPll!.<br />
& OTHEH i\WSTElUES<br />
A Hardware and Software<br />
Modification Guide.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Custom APPLE & Other<br />
Mysteries provided J. R. with a number of<br />
data acquisition and control projects with<br />
camera ready printed circuit layouts like the<br />
6522 application interface board, an 8-Bit<br />
D/ A and A/D converter, a sound and noise<br />
generator board, an EPROM burner board,<br />
an APPLE Slot Repeater, and included<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation on the APPLE as a square wave<br />
generator, the control of two stepper motors,<br />
connecting two 6502 systems, and lots lots<br />
more.<br />
Plug-In To Power<br />
And Get Turned On!<br />
<strong>The</strong> Custom APPLE & Other<br />
Mysteries is available <strong>for</strong> $24.95 at computer<br />
stores, B. Dalton Booksellers and<br />
independent book dealers around the world.<br />
If your dealer is out of stock, order direct<br />
from IJG.<br />
Include $4.00 <strong>for</strong> shipping and<br />
handling. Foreign residents add $11.00 plus<br />
purchase price. U.S. funds only please.<br />
IJG, Inc. 1953 West 11th Street ~<br />
Upland, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia 91786<br />
Phone: 714/946-5805 ......_ ~<br />
Helping You Help Yourself.<br />
© IJG, Inc. 1982<br />
TM APPLE and APPLE 11 Trademarks of APPLE <strong>Computer</strong> Inc.
<strong>The</strong>re is a delay feature. Y ~u ca~ specify a tim~d delay<br />
after printing each line. This allows your printer to cool off<br />
be<strong>for</strong>e printing another pass. ·<br />
You can also change your printer/ interface configuration<br />
without having to reboot the disk.<br />
Formfeeds and/ or linefeeds can be sent from the<br />
keyboard to your printer so that you can advance paper<br />
between pictures without touching your printer controls.<br />
A feature which 1 really, really liked was how the program<br />
handled the screen while it was printing. After you instructed<br />
the program to print the picture, the screen inversed<br />
(each white dot becomes black and each black dot<br />
becomes white), then as the program evaluates and prints<br />
each line, the screen is put back to normal, line at a time, at<br />
the same time it is printing that line on your paper. Neat,<br />
Huh?<br />
ESC stops print You can then quit the program or return<br />
to the main menu.<br />
A fantastic program. Works great If you are looking <strong>for</strong> a<br />
good graphics print program, you would be pleased. If you<br />
are like I am, with machines in different locations (home<br />
and office), each with a different printer and interface, then<br />
this pmgram is a necessity, unless you like to purchase<br />
different programs <strong>for</strong> each combination of printer and<br />
interface.<br />
<strong>The</strong> documentation is adequate <strong>for</strong> the task. <strong>The</strong> program<br />
is self-explanatory and the responses you must make<br />
make sense in the context of the menu items.<br />
One criticism; the program is copy protected.<br />
This version of ZOOM GRAFIX supported the following<br />
printers:<br />
Anadex 9000<br />
9001<br />
9500<br />
9501<br />
Data south DS-100<br />
Diab lo<br />
Epson MX 70<br />
MX 80/ w graftrax<br />
MX 100<br />
IDS 225<br />
440G<br />
445<br />
460<br />
560<br />
MP! 88g_<br />
NEC PC-8023<br />
Okidata 82A / w Okigraph<br />
83A / w Okigraph<br />
Prism 80 (m_onochrome)<br />
132 (monochrome)<br />
Pro· writer<br />
Qume<br />
Silentype<br />
Spin writer<br />
Starwriter<br />
Xerox<br />
In addition, the following interfaces were supported:<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Centronic<br />
Communication<br />
Parallel<br />
Serial<br />
32 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
Super Serial<br />
Silentype<br />
III RS 232<br />
CCS 7710A (serial)<br />
7720<br />
7728<br />
Epson APL<br />
Grappler<br />
LS. EP· 12 PKASO<br />
K·T Parallel<br />
MC CPS Parallel<br />
Serial<br />
MP! Auto· Plot<br />
SSM AIO Parallel<br />
Serial<br />
Tymac<br />
VERSAcard Parallel<br />
VERSAcard Serial<br />
<strong>The</strong> latest release also states that it supports line printer<br />
mode graphics <strong>for</strong> TEXT-ONLY printers.<br />
Readers' Comments<br />
We have received one letter which stated that Phoenix will<br />
exchange earlier versions of ZOOM GRAFIX <strong>for</strong> a small<br />
service charge. We were quoted $7.50.<br />
You can also talk, by SMAIL (assuming that you have a<br />
membership in <strong>The</strong> Source) with TCCl 02 which is Ron<br />
Unrath of Phoenix Software or TCP831, which is Dave<br />
Holle, the author of ZOOM GRAFIX Both, are ready to help<br />
you with your questions, and would probably find it<br />
interesting to hear about your experiences and uses with<br />
ZOOMGRAFIX<br />
A Graphics Sample<br />
•
--=- ~ - == - - -<br />
Introducing D,ataFax '~ .. the ee1sy<br />
way to · tame your Data M.onster:<br />
If you deal with in<strong>for</strong>mation,<br />
you're probably dealing with a<br />
Data Monster.<br />
He's that mass of notes.<br />
Scribbled messages. Phone<br />
numbers. And all the thousandand-one<br />
other important<br />
pieces of in<strong>for</strong>mation you have<br />
floating around your life.<br />
But with DataFax from Link<br />
Systems, you can keep your<br />
Data Monster under controlplus<br />
have a lot more power<br />
over your in<strong>for</strong>mation than you<br />
ever thought possible.<br />
Unlike most "data manager"<br />
software programs made <strong>for</strong><br />
your <strong>Apple</strong>, DataFax doesn't<br />
care what your data looks like.<br />
Or how long it is, how many<br />
items it has or what you want<br />
to do with it.<br />
<strong>The</strong> power we've programmed<br />
into DataFax makes<br />
it as simple and natural to use<br />
as a pencil and paper. You can<br />
fill up a screen with anything<br />
you want-even in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
already stored on disk. <strong>The</strong>n<br />
cross~reference it as many different<br />
ways as you'd like~by a<br />
date, a species, a customer's<br />
name, whatever.<br />
So when you need that in<strong>for</strong>mation,<br />
DataFax will retrieve it<br />
in a way that's meaningful to<br />
you. <strong>The</strong> powerful keyword<br />
function allows you to get in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
out as quickly and ·<br />
easily as you entered it. And<br />
DataFax is the only software of<br />
its kind to let you expand .from<br />
floppy to hard disks, so it will<br />
never pe obsolete.<br />
If getting so Qo\afax '"<br />
mu~h power <strong>for</strong> · ('(\ed ~el<br />
so little ef<strong>for</strong>t \~,~.::<br />
seems too good ::;~><br />
to be true, send ~/ /,' ' .~ .<br />
us the cou- ·<br />
pon and we'll<br />
send you all<br />
the det.ails.<br />
Or see<br />
LIN<br />
S ...,. s· ·y·.·e. m· . s· .<br />
Because whether you've got<br />
a monster of a data problemor<br />
Justo small one-DataFax<br />
can tame it. ··<br />
r------------,<br />
1 I want to tame<br />
1 my Data Monster.'"<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
D Please rush me more in<strong>for</strong>mation.<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II __ <strong>Apple</strong> Ill __<br />
D Dealer inquiry.<br />
D Senq me (quantity)__<br />
DataFax'" <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II at $199<br />
each. CA residents add 6% tax.<br />
Shipping in U.S.A $3.00 <strong>for</strong> first<br />
copy, 50¢ each additional copy.<br />
I Foreign, please add an additional<br />
, 1 $10 shipping and handling<br />
--::J.::7 ' charge per order. ·<br />
.;;;q Payment by<br />
. D VISA D MasterCard D Check<br />
L. i Credit Card# ______ _<br />
lftl'I~ , , Expiration date _____ _<br />
,,.,,,_~·· "' Interbank #(MC only) ___ _<br />
Signature ________ _<br />
Name _______ _<br />
Company ________ _<br />
Address _______ _<br />
City<br />
, ~/!. ~~ - ---- -----<br />
. ' ~ State Zip __ _<br />
~ Mailto , t~~~sr~:~~t~.eet<br />
~ I Santa Monica, CA<br />
~ 90404<br />
TM~ ______(2132_ 453-185.!J<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> is a registered trademark<br />
of <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong> Co .. Inc.<br />
Simply powerfui software<br />
that links it all together ...<br />
© 1982 Link Systems Inc. ·
Herbie Hancock Jazzes Up <strong>Apple</strong>s<br />
by JudyAnn Christensen<br />
"We made the terminal by taking a<br />
Z8000 single-board computer and<br />
building interfaces <strong>for</strong> each synthesizer's<br />
keyboard," continues Bryan. "<strong>The</strong><br />
<strong>Apple</strong> computer controls sound selection<br />
on each keyboard - this way we<br />
can be much more flexible. We can<br />
make sounds from many more instruments<br />
since each keyboard is capable<br />
of simulating 16 different instruments<br />
and 160 sounds from each instrument.<br />
Besides, Herbie can't extend his arms to<br />
reach all those keyboards!"<br />
According to Bryan, Herbie's most<br />
powerful use of the <strong>Apple</strong> computer is<br />
<strong>for</strong> composing. Herbie did a little spontaneous<br />
composing at NCC AlphaSyntauri'<br />
s Steve Leonard simulated an<br />
organ base line on the synthesizer, then<br />
overdubbed tracks of synthesized snare,<br />
brass, strings, and xylophone sounds,<br />
and stored them on the <strong>Apple</strong> computer.<br />
<strong>The</strong>n Herbie began to jam. To round<br />
out the composition, he improvised an<br />
electric piano solo. Under the NCC's<br />
bright lights, Herbie's fingernails glistened<br />
as they danced across the keyboard.<br />
"Each time I use them, I get more of<br />
what I want from my synthesized keyboards,"<br />
says Herbie, smiling as he<br />
rotates the alphaSyntauri's Pitchbend<br />
to sustain an especially funky note.<br />
"When I play a synthesizer, I'm able to<br />
create my own instruments. I have as<br />
large a range as my creative mind will<br />
allow."<br />
34 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
" Be<strong>for</strong>e I had an <strong>Apple</strong> II, I was playing<br />
from ten to twenty different keyboards<br />
per song to achieve the sound I wanted,"<br />
says jazz recording star Herbie<br />
Hancock<br />
" After I got my <strong>Apple</strong> computer, I<br />
hooked all my synthesizers to it, connected<br />
it to one keyboard (the Eu 16<br />
polyphonic keyboard), and created a<br />
device that switches between the synthesizers.<br />
Now, I can get the range of<br />
sound that I want from one keyboard."<br />
Traveling light and playing heavy jazz<br />
is Herbie's style. His backup musicians<br />
didn't come along last June when he<br />
played the Astrohall during the National<br />
<strong>Computer</strong> Conference (NCC). Instead,<br />
Herbie played his alphaSyntauri® synthesizer<br />
connected to an <strong>Apple</strong> com-<br />
puter,just as he will on an upcoming<br />
concert tour. For the last three years,<br />
Herbie has been using an <strong>Apple</strong> computer<br />
in the recording studio, especially<br />
<strong>for</strong> the "Monster" and "Mr. Hands"<br />
albums, as well as <strong>for</strong> numerous other<br />
functions.<br />
An engineering major in his first two<br />
years at Grinnell College, Herbie is a<br />
vanguard in bringing electronic music<br />
to jazz. Synthesizers are a natural evolution<br />
of Herbie's interest in electronics<br />
and his musical talent In 1971, Dr.<br />
Patrick Gleeson played one on Herbie's<br />
" Crossing" album. Herbie was so impressed,<br />
he learned synthesizer technique<br />
from Gleeson and played one on<br />
his 1973 " Headhunters" album.<br />
l<br />
SIMPLIFY TE<br />
COMMUN I ISNS I<br />
WITH HE--
It was his keyboard engineer, Bryan<br />
Bell, who first introduced Herbie to<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>s. Formerly employed by the rock<br />
group Earth, Wind, and Fire, Bell had<br />
used <strong>Apple</strong> computers while program·<br />
ming flashpots to erupt into leaping<br />
flames on stage.<br />
<strong>Computer</strong> Connections<br />
<strong>The</strong> two highly·creative engineers are<br />
constantly experimenting with new,<br />
harmonious, computer connections,<br />
such as hooking several synthesizers to<br />
one <strong>Apple</strong> computer. "Most synthe·<br />
sizers are microprocessor· based," says<br />
Bryan. " To communicate between<br />
them, we had to develop a micro·based<br />
terminal."<br />
Bryan agrees. He points to the flexibil·<br />
ity the computer has added to Herbie's<br />
compositions - such as automating<br />
his arrangements of soundtracks.<br />
" Herbie interfaces the <strong>Apple</strong> to a video<br />
synch code which, in turn, memorizes<br />
cues and times them to the video," says<br />
Bryan.<br />
" For example, let's imagine that<br />
Herbie is composing around video of a<br />
car crash. He can play background<br />
music until the crash, hit the space bar<br />
to see the time of the crash then pro·<br />
gram the system to recall the car crash<br />
sound at that point."<br />
Futuristic Feats<br />
Recent developments in software allow<br />
Herbie to per<strong>for</strong>m musical feats that<br />
never were possible be<strong>for</strong>e. " In order to<br />
compose on a synthesizer, you have to<br />
split the keyboard into isolated parts<br />
and keep the ranges of each part separate,<br />
" explains Herbie. " That means I<br />
couldn't multi-track both background<br />
and <strong>for</strong>eground music without record·<br />
ing over one or the other. Now I can<br />
easily multi·track using the whole keyboard<br />
<strong>for</strong> any s.ound I want with alpha<br />
Syntauri' s Metatrack'"."<br />
" Also, be<strong>for</strong>e I didn't have a metro·<br />
nome on my synthesizer - which<br />
meant it wasn't very <strong>for</strong>giving of my<br />
imperfections," continues Herbie.<br />
" Now with the alphaSyntauri I have a<br />
metronome, allowing me to make more<br />
fluid musical digressions. I've always<br />
been very interested in the texture,<br />
colors, and dynamics of sound, and,<br />
using a digital synthsizer, I can make my<br />
own sound wave <strong>for</strong>ms-sign, triangle,<br />
and pulse waves. Since it's digital, I can<br />
easily mix and manipulate my sounds."<br />
<strong>The</strong> system is also stimulating<br />
Herbie's compositional creativity.<br />
"Herbie has been playing the piano <strong>for</strong><br />
33 years, so it's easy <strong>for</strong> him to be<br />
.inspired to compose. Because he also<br />
uses his <strong>Apple</strong> computer as a musical<br />
data base, at the touch of a key it<br />
records the actual notes he played. Best<br />
of all, Herbie doesn't constantly have to<br />
· stop to write down his notes," says<br />
Bryan. "Additionally, we break down<br />
each song he records by sounds so<br />
Herbie can re.create them or compose<br />
new songs based on a sound that<br />
inspires him - months or years later."<br />
This sort of cataloguing is no small<br />
chore. Duplicating one sound may require<br />
several synthesizers and special<br />
effects patched together in several different<br />
combinations.<br />
"We can actually file through record·<br />
ed sounds, splice them up, and play<br />
them on a studio fidelity synthesizer<br />
when we go on tour," adds Bryan. " This<br />
means that on the road we can almost<br />
duplicate the effects we get in the<br />
studio."<br />
Out of the studio, the <strong>Apple</strong> compu·<br />
ter works overtime in the office. Herbie<br />
uses a modem to communicate with<br />
the office while traveling; word processing<br />
software to write contracts and<br />
correspondence; and VisiCalc to man·<br />
age his music publishing company, do<br />
budgeting <strong>for</strong> his road bands, and<br />
manage his incredible schedule.<br />
With time, Herbie says that his system<br />
will continue to evolve. " I haven't even<br />
scratched the surface, yet."<br />
*Metatrak is a trademark of Syntauri Corp.<br />
*alphaSyntauri is a registered trademark<br />
of Syntauri Corp.<br />
•<br />
36 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
Now YOU can write professional quality .<br />
interactive Coi;nputer-Assisted<br />
Instruction materials and simulations<br />
EnBASIC can help YOU<br />
USER-FRIENDLY INPUT<br />
F e.:o.t u re::.:<br />
Hltern.0
Print Buffers and the Pipeline<br />
by Neil Lipson<br />
This article will deal with some of the aspects of printers that<br />
really have never been fully discussed. <strong>The</strong>se are print speeds<br />
and print buffers, both software and hardware. Print buffers that<br />
were available until December 1982 were fairly straight<strong>for</strong>ward,<br />
but all that has changed now, as we shall see.<br />
First, let's discuss what a print buffer is; it's a device or<br />
program that can store in<strong>for</strong>mation sent out from the computer<br />
and hold it until the printer has a chance to print it For<br />
exam pie, if you want to print a file from a word processor, and<br />
you give the command to print, the computer is capable of<br />
sending in<strong>for</strong>mation much faster than the printer can process<br />
that in<strong>for</strong>mation. This is why we also must discuss printer<br />
speeds when discussing buffers. Normally the output from the<br />
, computer can go from 15 CPS (characters per second) to an<br />
approximate maximum of about 2000 CPS. <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, if our<br />
printer can only print 80 CPS, the computer periodically sits<br />
and waits until the printer is ready <strong>for</strong> the next batch of<br />
characters.<br />
That means that you, operating the computer, also sit and<br />
wait until the printer is completely finished be<strong>for</strong>e you can do<br />
anything else. A buffer is like a storage or surge tank <strong>for</strong><br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation; the computer fills it, and then goes on to other<br />
things while the printer works simultaneously. <strong>The</strong> accountants<br />
will regognize the process: FIFO, or " First-in First out".<br />
That frees up the computer much sooner, depending on how<br />
fast the printer prints.<br />
With a peripheral hardware board, it's possible to provide<br />
that storage tank, to hold and <strong>for</strong>ward in<strong>for</strong>mation coming out<br />
of the computer into the printer. Some software houses have<br />
devised software programs that to the same thing, using a RAM<br />
memory expansion card as the buffer. Some examples of this<br />
are the spoolers (which is another word <strong>for</strong> print buffer,<br />
presumably derived from the action of unreeling characters<br />
like removing thread from a spool) in Screenwriter II and<br />
Diversi-Dos, or DoubleTime. We'll look at software spoolers<br />
later.<br />
<strong>The</strong> hardware buffers have evolved phernomenally; the<br />
latest one available is from Interactive Structures; in my<br />
opinion, it obsoletes many of the existing hardware buffers.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y call it the Pipeline, and one of its features is called<br />
" random access printing", which means pulling certain pieces<br />
of in<strong>for</strong>mation from the buffer to print at certain places in the<br />
printing process. In short, it goes beyond FIFO. This buffer also<br />
has print compression, so the apparent size of the buffer can be<br />
from 2: 1 to about 8: 1 in practicability.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Pipeline<br />
<strong>The</strong> Pipeline is from Interactive Structures. <strong>The</strong> cost of the<br />
buffer ranges from $230. <strong>for</strong> 8K to $440. <strong>for</strong> 128K. <strong>The</strong>ir<br />
address is: Interactive Structures, Inc. 146 Montgomery Ave. P.<br />
0. Box 404 Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004.<br />
This one looks like the buffer to end all buffers. <strong>The</strong>ir buffer<br />
does three major jobs:<br />
1. Buffering<br />
2. Print Compression<br />
3. Random Access<br />
Print Compression<br />
Print compression is a way of " compressing" the data. For<br />
example, let us say we have a Hi-Res graph that is mostly empty<br />
space. If we save that picture on a normal disk, it takes up about<br />
34 sectors. However, if we remove the blank sections by first<br />
encoding and then decoding, it may only take 3 sectors. This<br />
theory applies to print compression. <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, it is possible to<br />
get a 10 to 1 compression ratio, which means that a 128K<br />
buffer can appear to contain about 1 megabyte of data. <strong>The</strong><br />
same applies to text (but to a lesser degree). If there are<br />
duplicate characters, we can compress, so the efficiency of the<br />
buffer goes up, in some cases dramatically.<br />
Random Access Printing<br />
You may wonder what Random Access Printing is, as this<br />
was only invented, to my knowledge, late in 1982 by Joe<br />
Willson, Ph.D, president of Interactive Structures. <strong>The</strong> device is<br />
patent pending. What this can do is combine text, graphics,<br />
spreadsheet outputs or anything else with simple routines all in<br />
one buffer. <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, I can load in my data files of 1000<br />
names, 30 pictures, and 7 letters, and plug name 1, picture 4<br />
into letter 5 as I see fit Needless to say, this dramatically<br />
reduces the " thinking" the computer has to do. What Interactive<br />
Structures tried was a 60 second " dump" to the buffer with<br />
RAP (random access printing), and the printer went <strong>for</strong> 9<br />
hours! It is there<strong>for</strong>e possible in the near future to run dozens of<br />
printers from one computer by merely dumping and then<br />
electronically switching outputs keeping all printers printing<br />
continuously. It stores the in<strong>for</strong>mation in what IS calls " buckets".<br />
You then call <strong>for</strong> the bucket by name print in any order. A<br />
simple concept that no one has though of be<strong>for</strong>e until Joe<br />
Willson came along. <strong>The</strong> Pipeline has three modes, the<br />
Bypass mode, FIFO mode, and RAP mode. <strong>The</strong> bypass mode<br />
does exactly what you would expect, which is bypassing the<br />
buffer completely. <strong>The</strong> FIFO mode (first in, first out) acts as a<br />
reservoir accepting the data at high speed and then sending it<br />
to the printer as fast as it will permit <strong>The</strong> RAP mode is the<br />
38 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
intelligent processor that selectively prints what you want,<br />
where you want it To start up everything, you press the erase<br />
and interrupt buttons on the Pipeline at the same time and<br />
everything is initialized properly. <strong>The</strong> installation of the Pipeline<br />
is easy and is shown in diagram below:<br />
PLUG<br />
THIS INTO<br />
110 VAC<br />
OUTLET<br />
PLUG THIS IN<br />
AS SHOWN<br />
THIS PLUGS<br />
INTO YOUR<br />
PRINTER<br />
· . STRIPE ~.<br />
l<br />
~~---~<br />
YOUR PKASO CABLE<br />
(NOT INCLUDED WITH PIPELINE)<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is al~o a "universal model" that goes between any<br />
Centronics type printer and any computer.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Pipeline will wait until its memory is fulll in the normal<br />
mode. So there is, in effect, handshaking (the printer and<br />
computer making sure that the other is ready to send or<br />
receive, rather than a blind output of data.) However, in the RAP<br />
mode, you can only put 10 pounds of sugar in a 10 pound bag,<br />
so plan ahead. If you want to put more in the buffer than it can<br />
hold, it can easily be expanded with the cheaper64K chips. <strong>The</strong><br />
chips need not be the automatic refresh variety (the more<br />
expensive variety) which saves you, the consumer, some<br />
money. At this writing, the 64K chips can be purchased as<br />
cheap as about $7, so expanding the buffer costs beans. <strong>The</strong><br />
rate at which the indicator blinks is an indication of what is<br />
going on, and it is extemely easy to spot the differences (3<br />
times per second is the RAP mode, and a steady glow is the<br />
Bypass mode. At a glance you know exactly what is happening.<br />
It is even possible to turn off the computer while the printer is<br />
printing. <strong>The</strong> Pipeline has its own power supply, and as long as<br />
you remember to switch to the Bypass mode, the printer will<br />
print away until the buffer is empty, or until it has completed the<br />
instructions you gave it <strong>The</strong> only aspect of the Pipeline that<br />
you must learn is the RAP mode, which is not difficult, but must<br />
be thought out Once you have determined what goes where,<br />
you define what goes into bucket A, B, C or whatever, and the<br />
commands look like @6C, which m eans print bucket C. All the<br />
commands are explained in detail in the m anual and many<br />
examples are given (which is great <strong>for</strong> me as I'm a slow learner).<br />
All of the setup commands can be given in a small program.<br />
You can send the RAP output to the printer to check out the<br />
<strong>for</strong>mat<br />
April 1983 39
<strong>The</strong> Pipeline manual even goes into some tricks to speed<br />
things up. For example, if 'you are using a particular bucket<br />
frequently, it would be wise to place it first in memory. <strong>The</strong>re are<br />
even some special unpµblished features. For example, if you<br />
print a letter, and after you are finished, you wished you had 4<br />
more copies, do the following: Flip from the FIFO to the RAP<br />
mode, and push the interrupt switch. Your printer will continu·<br />
ously start re·printing the letter over and over until you stop it<br />
This is entirely intentional, and is a very nice feature. <strong>The</strong> reader<br />
should be warned about some of the ads <strong>for</strong> other buffers. One<br />
manufacturer says his puffer will speed up the computer. Well,<br />
if you believe that, I have some swamp land in Santa Clara to<br />
sell you. NOTHING will speed up the printer or the computer,<br />
but the way the ad reads, some inexperienced individual would<br />
think it would. Be careful about some of these claims, and<br />
know the company you are dealing with.<br />
I gave the buffer a real workout, and with the way I was<br />
flipping swithes on the printer, the buffer and the computer you<br />
would think I was playing " Beat the Clock" I was trying to try<br />
every feature in a ten minute time period. (Neil likes to simulate<br />
the most common approach used by new so~ware or<br />
hardware buyers; he's not really that w ay . . . - PC\,V,) So, a<br />
word to the wise: Sit down, relax, read the manual and don't<br />
rush it Rushing gets you nowhere.<br />
Some interesting results that I timed were that a large Hi· Res<br />
picture dump from the PKASO card takes about 24 seconds,<br />
and the small Hi-Res pictures takes about 20 seconds to load<br />
into the buffer. This is because the PKASO card is generating<br />
the dumps and this takes time. I tried a machine language<br />
dump, such as this: CALL-151, 0000. BFFF and «RETURN"· I<br />
put the printer off/ select, and let the buffer fill up, to see where it<br />
would stop. Well, it stopped at location 7868, which is about<br />
right when you think that each memory location requires three<br />
characters to print (the two byte representation and the space),<br />
which filled all of my 128K. One side note: during the test I<br />
used up quite a bit of paper, so take my word on most of these<br />
points. <strong>The</strong> Pipeline manual is well documented with plenty of<br />
charts and diagrams. <strong>The</strong> buffer opercited perfectly and it<br />
per<strong>for</strong>med up to rriy expectations. I am looking <strong>for</strong>ward to other<br />
new products from this company. ·<br />
A Foxy Software Spooler<br />
Diversi·Dos is a program m arketed with the m ost unusual<br />
approach I have seen. <strong>The</strong> author says to copy the disk and give<br />
it to everyone you know. If you like the program, you send him<br />
$25. At first, I thought this guy was crazy. Well, he's as crazy as a<br />
fox. I cannot tell you how many people have been ripped off;<br />
separated from hundreds of dollars <strong>for</strong> software that the<br />
dealers would not let them see, and then would not run<br />
properly when they tried it on their computers. Ironically, m ost<br />
of my friends tha t have tried this program have gladly sent in<br />
the $25 to get the validation sticker, and are pleased with the<br />
programs many features (which will be discussed further in a<br />
future article). <strong>The</strong> program is worth 10 times the selling price.<br />
It is available from: DSR, Inc. 5848 Crampton Ct Rock<strong>for</strong>d, IL<br />
6 1111.<br />
<strong>The</strong> program d.oes many things, however I will discuss only<br />
the print buffer portion of it <strong>The</strong> software uses your RAM card<br />
as the. buffer, as long as it is not used <strong>for</strong> som ething else. Of<br />
course, this buffer will not work on all programs, but will <strong>for</strong> all<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>soft programs, as well as m any others like <strong>Apple</strong>writer.<br />
If you have a 128K RAM card, you can use it as a 128K print<br />
buffer! <strong>The</strong> buffer program first asks you certain questions as<br />
to what kind of printer card and RAM card you have, and what<br />
slots they are in. After answering all the questions, you BSA VE<br />
the buffer program and you're done. <strong>The</strong>n just BRUN BUFFER<br />
<strong>The</strong> buffer utility will disable the software features on the<br />
printer card, so there will be some things that you will not be<br />
able to do as normal. however, <strong>for</strong> most applications and will all<br />
custom software that you do yourselves, it is the greatest thing<br />
since sliced bread.<br />
It only buffers and does not have any of the fancy features of<br />
the big electronic hardware buffers, but is worth the price. INIT<br />
and CHAIN are disabled, but the program provides some<br />
pokes to do many other features. <strong>The</strong> software works with just<br />
about every card on the market and there are even advanced<br />
programming tips. Once you activate the buffer, and the<br />
printer starts printing, it acts exactly like a hardware buffer; and<br />
as long as you do not turn off the computer, the printer will<br />
continue printing. <strong>The</strong> tab feature is available with version 1-B.<br />
To clear the entire buffer, type CTRL-X twice. Interestingly<br />
enough, hitting «RESET" will not clear the buffer, and the<br />
printing will continue. Obviously, turning off the computer will<br />
clear the buffer as well as everything else.<br />
Print Speeds<br />
Probably one of the least understood aspects of printers is<br />
print speed. I have heard many people say that printer A is<br />
faster than B just because A is 100 CPS and Bis 80 CPS. If both<br />
were identical in every other respect this coulq be true,<br />
however, there is more to the story.<br />
I will list most of the aspects that affect print speed and try to<br />
explain. <strong>The</strong>y include, but are not limited to:<br />
1. Characters per second (CPS)<br />
2. Throughput<br />
3. Logic seeking print head<br />
4. Line feed speed<br />
5. Carriage return speed<br />
6. Single or double buffered<br />
7. Bidirectional printing<br />
8. Slewrate of <strong>for</strong>m feed<br />
And to think that most people thought that CPS was the only<br />
factor. CPS is self.explanatory. Throughput is the rating given<br />
<strong>for</strong> the number oflines per minute ( LPM) at given character per<br />
inch (CPI) and character per line rates. For example the<br />
Okidata ML82A is quite a fast printer <strong>for</strong> its price, and here is<br />
why. <strong>The</strong> speed specifications are as follows:<br />
Print speed · 120 CPS<br />
bidirectional/ shortline seeking<br />
Throughput ' 10 CPI: ·20 characters per line: 187 lpm<br />
·40 characters per line: 123 lpm<br />
·80 characters per line: 73 lpm<br />
Line feed speed: ·6 LPI: 115 m s (milliseconds)<br />
·8 LPI: 95 ms<br />
A logic seeking print head is one that will go from point A to<br />
point Bin as close to a straight line as possible. For example, on<br />
the old MX·80 with the old Graftrax, there was no logic seeking,<br />
so if you printed a Hi-Res picture, the head would always hom e<br />
back to the left m argin be<strong>for</strong>e it did the rest of the picture (it the<br />
picture in three sweeps). If you print a letter on the Diablo, and<br />
you watch it as it prints, you will notice that the print head will go<br />
straight to the next print ·<br />
locaton, even if it is tabbed in.<br />
Line feed speed can be important. <strong>The</strong> MX-80 F / T has a<br />
fairly slow line feed which is listed at 200 ms. <strong>The</strong> Diablo is<br />
about 53 m s. However, the carraige return speed can be a real<br />
killer. <strong>The</strong> MX-80 is about600 ms <strong>for</strong> 10 inches while theDiablo<br />
40 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
is 181 ms. <strong>The</strong> MX-80 has 80 CPS while the Diablo 1640 is 45<br />
CPS, so while the Epson is about twice as fast in CPS, it is at<br />
least 3 times slower in the other areas. <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, in some<br />
cases, the Diablo cah beat the Epson and many other dot<br />
matrix printers hands down. It all depends on what you' re<br />
printing.<br />
Not too much is discussed on single or double buffering but<br />
if a printer delays slightly at the end be<strong>for</strong>e it starts to print the<br />
next bidirectional line, it is probably single buffer. A short delay<br />
or no delay is double buffering.<br />
Bidirectional printing is always a plus, as this minimizes the<br />
carraige return delay. If your printer has a ligjhtning fast carriage<br />
return, you may not even notice the bidirectional printing<br />
speed. However, if the printer takes <strong>for</strong>ever be<strong>for</strong>e it begins the<br />
backward trip, this feature is useless. <strong>The</strong> reason <strong>for</strong> the delay is<br />
that the printer has to rearrange the letters so that it sdrawkcab<br />
tnirp ton seod. That was a bug in one major word processor<br />
which I will not mention.<br />
Last, but not least, is the slewrate that the printer <strong>for</strong>m feeds<br />
the paper: I'm sure all of you know how aggrivating it is to wait<br />
while the printer is <strong>for</strong>m feeding, so this is another feature to<br />
check on. Un<strong>for</strong>tunately, most manufacturers will not publish<br />
all of the these specifications. <strong>The</strong>y usually publish the ones<br />
that make their printer look good, and leave you to observe the<br />
others. By the way, if you have done some of these observations,<br />
please get in touch with me, and we'll try to help<br />
everybody.<br />
Below is a list of some of the parameters <strong>for</strong> a variety of<br />
printers:<br />
Printer Parameters<br />
(Listed fastest first, @ 10 char/ inch)<br />
CPS<br />
LPM<br />
20 char/line<br />
Okidata ML84 200 266<br />
Epson FX-80 160 210<br />
Okidata ML82A 120 187<br />
Okidata ML83A 120 173<br />
ITOH Prowriter 120 125<br />
(NEC 8023A)<br />
Epson MX-80 80 105<br />
Diablo 1640 45 65<br />
Conclusion<br />
LPM LPM<br />
40 char/line 80 char/line<br />
184 114<br />
146 92<br />
123 73<br />
117 71<br />
94 73<br />
73<br />
33<br />
46<br />
17<br />
In spite of all the verbiage in this article, I have barely touched<br />
on the subject However, as the expression goes, a little<br />
kriowledge is a dangerous thirig, so learn a little and live<br />
dangerously. <strong>The</strong>n let us know what else we should be<br />
covering, or in what direction we should go.<br />
•<br />
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<strong>The</strong> Strange<br />
Case or the<br />
Magenta<br />
<strong>Apple</strong><br />
as told to Dan W asleski<br />
Note: A certain battered dispatch box, the property of john H.<br />
Watson, M . D., is said to be in the vaults of Cox & Co. , bankers, of<br />
Charing Cross. It contains notes and manuscripts concerning the<br />
exploits of a certain noted detective; manuscripts which were not<br />
published through Watson's collaboration with Sir Arthur Conan<br />
Doyle. Dan Wasleski uncovered this manuscript, presumably at Cox<br />
& Co. 's Kansas City branch. Whtie we cannot vouch absolutely <strong>for</strong> its<br />
authenticity, we can say that it is the first such manuscript to have<br />
been so thoroughly Global-Replaced Now if we can only coax our<br />
typesetter out of the closet in which refuge was taken three days ago,<br />
amid hideous whimpering . . . . )<br />
I. T WAS a cold AND blustery evening, thAT riight in<br />
January of '94. Outside, the wind howled fiercely. I had<br />
just thROWn aNO<strong>The</strong>r LOG ON the crackling fire AND<br />
had settled myself with the lA Test issue of the British M edical<br />
journal when my friEND SherLOCK Holmes came bursting<br />
inTO our rooms AT 221B Baker STReet.<br />
"You gave me a start, Holmes." He ignORed my mild<br />
repriMANd AND threw OFF his inverness coAT. THEN, of<br />
all things, he TOssed an APPLE AT me.<br />
"WhA T's this?" I exclaimed. "NEXT thing I know you'll<br />
be bringing HOME PARSEley. This APPLE feels ROTten,<br />
Holmes. Why is the APPLESOFT?"<br />
"<strong>The</strong> APPLE has been tampered with, W ATsON. I<br />
INTercepted it ON route TO MORiarty."<br />
"MORiarty," I gasped, "but ProfessOR MORiarty is<br />
dead!"<br />
"So he'd like us TO believe WATsON, but he's alive AND<br />
well, AND he's PLOTting a foul crime. MORiarty .. . a<br />
malignant thing thAT crawls the earth . .. a despiCABLE<br />
villain .. . a foul creATure who preys ON the poOR AND<br />
helpless ... ProfessOR MORiarty, Ph. D., P.R . ... "<br />
I raised my eyebROWs. "P.R.?"<br />
"Of course, W ATsON, Pernicious Rogue! He's PR#l in<br />
my book. Now, IF you would be so kind as TO perFORm<br />
your surgical skills ON this APPLE, perhaps we can ASCertain<br />
why its been MON-KEYed with."<br />
While I prepared my inSTRuments FOR surgery, Holmes<br />
played a sonATa ON his VLIN. <strong>The</strong> MUSIC FLOWed as IF<br />
it were being bowed by a MASTER VLINist.<br />
Moments lA Ter I had begun TO dissect the APPLE with a<br />
sharp-EDGEd scalpel. I carefully peeled OFF layer after<br />
layer in INCREMENTal slices of about ONe-FORtyseCONd<br />
of an inch. NOT a TRACE of anything.<br />
Holmes had put away his VLIN AND now puffed smoke<br />
fROM his FREshly lit pipe as he DELiberATely scanned my<br />
surgical wORk. "HELLO, WATsON, whAT's thAT<br />
BROWNish BLACK particle there?" He leaned over my<br />
shoulder AND poINTed the stem of his pipe TO whAT I<br />
had supPOSed TO be a SEED. ImmediATely he had his<br />
inagnIFying glass out AND was exaMINlng it. "Quick,<br />
WATsON, the tweezers. I believe it's a MICROcapsule."<br />
Holmes had the thirig apart ON his WHITE hANDkerchief<br />
in seCONds. A dark speck thAT looked like a tiny<br />
BUG fell between the two ENbs of the capsule. " A MICRO<br />
DOT IF I'm NOT mistaken. With MODErn phoTO<br />
GRAPHIC techniques a large amount of inFORMATiON<br />
can be reduced TO a MINiscule phoTO-GRAPHIC emulsiON<br />
like this. GET the HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROscope."<br />
" Broken," I replied. ''I'll GET the LOW-RESOLUTION<br />
ONe."<br />
"Never mind, GET the kaleiDOScope AND SCREEN."<br />
ShORtly, we had the FULL-SCREEN AND lantern setup.<br />
I mounted the tiny SQUARE MICRO-DOT ON a slide<br />
AND placed it in the kaleiDOScope. <strong>The</strong> SCREEN was a<br />
blur of PARALLEL LINEs until I adjusted the focUSER.<br />
THEN it was apparent thAT it was a DRAWing. "A<br />
SCHEMATIC DRA Wing of some kind," I suggested.<br />
"MORe like a diagRAM ... HELLO, WATsON, it's a<br />
42 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
floOR plan, AND IF I'm NOT in ERROR, it's a floOR plan<br />
of the Louvre Museum!"<br />
"<strong>The</strong> Louvre, Holmes? You dON't mean MORiarty INT<br />
ENDs TO steal the Louvre? Even MORiarty can BYTE OFF<br />
mORe than he can chew!"<br />
"MORe than likely every paINTing in the Louvre<br />
CATALOG."<br />
"ThAT's a SYNTAX-ERR, Holmes."<br />
"HANG the SYNTAX, WATsON, TO ERR is huMAN.<br />
CABLE InspectOR HIMEM of the FREnch Police AND tell<br />
him a GReAT mouse is about TO NIBBLE ON France's<br />
prize cheese."<br />
"A nice metaphOR, but it should be APPENDed with a<br />
NORMAL REMARK which is LITERAL AND NOT OPEN<br />
TO INTerpretATiON."<br />
"RIGHT, WATsON, APPEND a STATEMENT IF you<br />
like, but be OFF with you now, AND dON't RETURN<br />
WITHOUT-GOSUBmitting the MESSAGE TO the<br />
teleGRAPHer."<br />
I hurried through the cold night TO the BRANCH<br />
teleGRAPH OFFice TO CABLE InspectOR HIMEM. I<br />
thought how nice it would be TO have one of those<br />
NEWfANGLEd MACHINEs which thAT fellow BELL in<br />
America had invented so I could sit AT HOME AND CALL<br />
the teleGRAPHer instead of having TO go ·outside ON a<br />
cold wINTer's night.<br />
As I approached the teleGRAPH OFFice I passed by the<br />
HARDWARE STORE which was between the ladies' apparel<br />
shop CALLed the SOFTWARE Shop; AND the ladies'<br />
undergarment STORE, CALLed the FIRMWARE Shop. In<br />
frONt of the shops, ON the sidewalk, I NOTiced an<br />
XDRAWn in ORANGE AND an HCOLORfully DRAWn<br />
in GREEN where children had been playing X's AND H's.<br />
<strong>The</strong> teleGRAPHer gave me a smile AND a GREETING<br />
as I ENTERed. After we excHANGed INIT-HELLOs, he<br />
inFORmed me thAT I had arrived just in time TO SA VE his<br />
sON JACK a trip TO Baker STReet SINce he had just<br />
received a wire FOR Holmes.<br />
I gave him my MESSAGE FOR Paris which we THEN had<br />
TO EDIT because his TABle of LENGTH-SPECIFERs<br />
stATed thATwe had an ILLEGAL-QUANTITY ofwORds.<br />
He assured me he would GET the wire OFF as soON as he<br />
could ACCESS the main SYSTEM AND INTERFACE his<br />
teleGRAPH KEY TO it.<br />
BeFORe I LEFT, the teleGRAPHer asked me IF I would<br />
like TO guess how MANy beans were in his bean jar. FOR<br />
two pence I might win a cROWn. I guessed there were<br />
32768 beans. He TOld me thAT I had committed a<br />
GREATER-THAN-32767-ERR SINce there were ONly<br />
32767 beans. I CONsidered COUNTing the beans but<br />
decided against it. I LEFT the DOT AND DASH STORE<br />
AND hurried back TO our rooms, hANDed Holmes his<br />
wire AND went TO the fire TO warm myself.<br />
"Did you READ this MESSAGE, WATsON?" He did<br />
NOT WAIT FOR an answer but READ it aloud.<br />
" '] anuary 24, 1894. Cairo. Mr. Holmes, I need your help. I<br />
CAN'T-CONTINUE because FORMULA-TOO-COMPLEX.<br />
It may be an ILLEGAL-QUANITY, an UNDEF'D-FUNC<br />
TION OR an UNDEF'D-STATEMENT inmy mA<strong>The</strong>mATical<br />
ARGUMENT. It might be an inadvertent DIVISION<br />
BY-ZERO OR a misplaced DECIMAL. Perhaps my<br />
INVERSE MATRIX is NOT DEFined properly. TO successfully<br />
reach the END-OF-DATA analysis, I need your help.<br />
Come TO Cairo immediATely. My success depENDs ON<br />
you. I'm AT wits END.' (SIGNed) PASCAL."<br />
April 1983 43
"This sORry fellow can't be PASCAL," I commented.<br />
" He's NOT enough of an ARITHMETICAL-OPERATOR<br />
TO know whether TO ADD, SUBTRACT, MUL TIPI'.Y,<br />
DIVIDE OR take a SQUARE-ROOT. Besides, any fool<br />
knows PASCAL died years ago."<br />
"DON't be so NEGATIVE, W ATsON; there is a seventh<br />
generATion PASCAL living in Cairo, but he happens TO be<br />
a visiting SPEAKER here in the British Isles this MON th. I<br />
believe he's in NEW South Wales TOnight. So this CABLE<br />
is NOT fROM PASCAL, you' re cORrect there, old friEND.<br />
It's fROM aNO<strong>The</strong>r mA<strong>The</strong>mATician. NOne other than<br />
ProfessOR MORiarty!"<br />
"An ATtempt AT diversiON, eh, Holmes?"<br />
"Exactly, WATsON. Now we had better think about<br />
GETting TO Paris so we can NULL-IFy MORiarty's PLOT<br />
beFORe it hATches. CATching MORiarty is like inventing<br />
a bank draft thAT is WRITE-PROTECTED."<br />
"RIGHT you are, Holmes, a nice ANALOGy. MORiarty's<br />
MODus operANDi is dIFficult TO predict. Now I'll CALL<br />
Mrs. HudsON AND have her FLASH wORd TO a cAB<br />
StAND so we can GET a hansom TO DRIVE TO Dover<br />
AND CONTINUE TO TRACE this thing TO-GE<strong>The</strong>r."<br />
''I'm glad TO hear you'll be ESC-ORting me, W ATsON,<br />
but LET's GET a good night's sleep first. We'll leave FOR<br />
Dover AT Eight o'CLOCK TOmOR-ROW mORning."<br />
"When the big hAND is ON-8-GOTO investigATe, eh,<br />
Holmes?"<br />
"ERR . . . RIGHT, WATsON; AND ask Mrs. HudsON<br />
TO have our rooms DEBUGged while we're gONe. I found<br />
a little creATure swimming in my tea yesterday."<br />
''I'll tell her, but she'll probably FOR-GET. PoOR Mrs.<br />
HudsON seems TO be OUT-OF-MEMORY. <strong>The</strong> other day<br />
she FORgot TO turn down the sTOve AND nearly set fire<br />
TO the kitchen. ThAT was a RANGE-ERR. AND this<br />
afternoON, she LEFT the wATer RUNning in the SINk<br />
FOR an hour. ThAT was a bad OVERFLOW-ERROR."<br />
"Yes, WATsON, but irONiCALLy a MEMORY-FULL<br />
ERR also; thAT is, she has TOo much ON her mind. Last<br />
week she FORgot the cATNip FOR the CAT, NOT TO<br />
mentiON FOR-GETting the poOR creATure's feLINE<br />
FEED. She had better ADDRESS her problem TO a<br />
psychiA Trist who can help her with such mentally DIM<br />
ERRs."<br />
"Perhaps," I suggested, "she could use a vacATiON TO<br />
give her a chance TOG ET away fROM her daily ROUTINEs<br />
AND SUBROUTINEs, SORT out things, ERASE her<br />
extraneous thoughts, UPDATE her philosophy, AND<br />
CLEAR her MEMORY."<br />
"You're the doctOR, WATsON."<br />
<strong>The</strong> NEXT day AT Dover, there was a little mix-up AT<br />
the boAT TERMINAL. <strong>The</strong>re was a SIGN thAT said, "IF<br />
you are W AITing FOR the NEXT boAT TO Calais THEN<br />
GET your ticket AT WINDOW 8 FOR 3 shillings AND<br />
GOTO GATE 7 AND WAIT until you GET CALLed." We<br />
didn't recognize our NAMEs because we were traveling<br />
incogniTO so we missed the CALL AND had TO WAIT<br />
FOR the NEXT ship. We eventually found ourselves back<br />
WAITING in a LINE of RECORD-LENGTH thAT<br />
MERG Ed with aNO<strong>The</strong>r LINE. At the END of thAT LINE a<br />
ROUTINE RENUMBERing of our tickets TOok place<br />
AND THEN a charming BRUNette lady with a DIMple in<br />
her chin had TO VERIFY the tickets. She TOld us TO GET<br />
READy, GET set AND ON-3-GOSUBmit ourselves TO<br />
LINE-NUMBER 9.<br />
AT LINE-NUMBER 9 there was a SIGN thAT said, "IF<br />
you are NEXT-WITHOUT-FORty shillings THEN GOTO<br />
END of W AITing LINE-NUMBER 1." It would have been<br />
mORe simple IF they had a SIGN thAT READ ONERR<br />
GOTO LINE-NUMBER 1. AT any rATe we did GOTO<br />
LINE-NUMBER 1, but AT the END of our WAIT there was<br />
a RIGHT-ARROW AND a LEFT-ARROW. Holmes went<br />
ONeway AND I the other. We metAT the gangplank where<br />
we had TO WAIT FOR them TO LOAD a IORry full of<br />
canned squash aBOARD the ship.<br />
In retrospect, I supPOSe we should have STOPPED-AT<br />
LINE-NUMBER 2 where we could have· obtained DOCU<br />
MENTATION ON the BACKGROUND ELEMENTs of<br />
ticket buying AND ship BOARDING. OR perhaps LINE<br />
NUMBER 3 which had a SCROLLING-WINDOW AND a<br />
PROGRAM ofINSTRUCTIONs FOR the EXECutiON of<br />
ticket purchases. OR even LINE-NUMBER 4 which had an<br />
ANNUNCIATOR who sPOKEsevera!LANGUAGEs, even<br />
a LANGUAGE-NOT-AVAILABLE. THEN, of course, we<br />
could have tried LINE-NUMBER 6 which was AUTOmATed<br />
with PUSHBUTTONs, TOGGLE SWITCHes<br />
AND a KEYBOARD.<br />
It was MID-afternoON when they had all the canned<br />
squaSHLOADed ON the ship AND after STOPping TO<br />
WAIT FOR a child AND his MOTHERBOARDing we<br />
started up the gangplank. It was a raRETYPE-LINEr,<br />
probably the ONiy ONe of its kind still afloAT. As we<br />
STEPped aBOARD, a MAN TOok our tickets AND put<br />
them in an ACCUMULATOR box which was a combin<br />
ATiON STORAGE device AND COUNTER. We found<br />
deck chairs near cabIN#6 AND sA T down. I REMARKed to<br />
HOimes, " ThAT was quite an ESCapade. NEXT time we<br />
RENAME ourselves we had better REMember our aliases<br />
OR NOT use them AT all. At this rATe we'll never cATch<br />
MORiarty."<br />
Meanwhile, Holmes had spied a parchment SCROLL ON<br />
my side TABie AND was poINTing TO it. I picked it up<br />
AND unrolled it. <strong>The</strong>re was a narROW PERIPHERAL<br />
MARGIN CLEAR around a picture of MORiarty. ON the<br />
TOP-MARGIN was a jumble of ASTERISKs, AT-SIGNS,<br />
AND AMPERSANDs. In the RIGHT-MARGIN were<br />
SYMBOLs AND SLASHes of various DIMENSIONs. In the<br />
BOTTOM-MARGIN were RANDOMiy SPACEd PLUS<br />
SIGNs, MINUS-SIGNs, EQUAL-SIGNs, AND BRACK<br />
ETS. In the LEFT-MARGIN there were PERCENT-SIGNs,<br />
NUMBER-SIGNs, AND SEMICOLONs. "WhAT do you<br />
make of it, Holmes? It looks like we need an INTER<br />
PRETER FORTRANs!ATing this."<br />
Holmes TOok the SCROLL AND examined it. "HELLO,<br />
whAT's this TAPEd TO the back?"<br />
As he peeled it OFF, I could see thAT it was a PAGE<br />
fROM the PROGRAM FOR the perFOR-MANce of William<br />
Tell just two nights beFORe AT Covent Garden. I REMembered<br />
CLEARiy SINce the tenOR had a slight LISP. I asked<br />
Holmes whA T he thought it meant.<br />
"Puzzling, WATsON. Obviously the PROGRAM represents<br />
an ITERATION of the SYMBOLism of the APPLE<br />
again."<br />
"This SYMBOLism keeps REPEATing. First the APPLE<br />
with the MICRO-DOT, now this STRange clue. Is it ON TO<br />
the Louvre OR RETURN TO Covent Garden?"<br />
"AMAGENTAhERRing, WATsON. ThisisthewORkof<br />
thAT abERR-ATiON CALLed MORiarty. Its Onward TO<br />
Calais AND Paris!"<br />
I got up AND STEPped over TO the railing. <strong>The</strong> ship was<br />
just pulling away. ON the dock a MAN was vigORously<br />
waving a MINI-ATure British FLAG. I recognized him<br />
insTANtly. InspectOR LeSTRade. His face appeared quite<br />
44 A pple Orc hard
flushed AND a hANDkerchief stuck out sloppily £ROM<br />
beneath his coA T.<br />
"Our old friEND LeSTRade has committed a GREATER<br />
THAN-255-ERR." Holmes was suddenly AT my side looking<br />
AT his wATch. "It's 2:56 PM; a minute soONer AND<br />
LeSTRade would have made it aBOARD. It appears thAT<br />
he has had some luck TOday, however, as he's wON a BLUE<br />
ribbON FOR his APPLE pit-'.'<br />
I was used TO SherLOCK Holmes' REMARKable<br />
POWERs of deductiON, but this CONclusiON baffled me.<br />
Holmes saw the astONished look ON my face AND smiled.<br />
"ELEMENTary, my dear WATsON. Look how bRIGHTly<br />
PINK COLORed LeSTRade's face is. I estimATe thAT it<br />
would take five hours in the sun ON this wINTer's day TO<br />
acquire a sunburn like thAT. <strong>The</strong> FLAG he's so enerGETiCALLy<br />
waving AT us is the kind typiCALLy sold AT our<br />
COUNTy fairs. <strong>The</strong> DevON COUNTy Fair is being held<br />
this week. You RECALL thAT LeSTRade is an amATeur<br />
cook. AND thAT NEW pie stain ON his lapel makes the<br />
rest MAN-IFestly CLEAR"<br />
"Perfect LOGIC, Holmes. But how did you CONclude<br />
thAT he wON anything?"<br />
"ELEMENTary, my dear WATsON, thAT BLUE hANDkerchief<br />
PEEKing £ROM beneath his coA T is NOT a<br />
hANDkerchief but a BLUE ribbON. Here, LETs give our<br />
old friEND aNO<strong>The</strong>r prize." Holmes flung the SCROLL<br />
across AND down the shORt disTANce TO the dock.<br />
LeSTRade dropped his FLAG, caught the SCROLL AND<br />
sTOod OPENmouthed as we steamed away.<br />
Holmes chuckled. "ThAT should keep him busy AND<br />
out of our hair FOR a while." He glanced down AT the<br />
GREY deck. "HELLO, whAT's this? It looks like an<br />
American dollar bill thAT's been tORn inTO BITs." He<br />
pulled out his magnIFying glass AND sTOoped down. "Ah,<br />
three pieces. Here is the RIGHT$ . . . AND here is the<br />
LEFT$ ... AND yes, here is the MID$."<br />
As Holmes OFF ered the pieces upward TO scATter in the<br />
breeze, I could NOT help but think thAT IF he wanted TO<br />
play with pieces of $'s, he could have STRung them TO<br />
GE<strong>The</strong>r to make a STR$, AND THEN burnt it around the<br />
EDGEs AND had CHR$ FOR our charwoMAN.<br />
"W ATsON, do you REMember the affair in which I<br />
EXPosed ONe of the largest COUNTerfeit schemes in<br />
hisTOry. <strong>The</strong> gang was about TO DUMP enough American<br />
currency ON the OPEN market TO bankrupt the United<br />
StATes."<br />
"Indeed, Holmes. It GRieves me thAT due TO the<br />
DELicATe NATure of the case I can NOT reveal the<br />
particulars of the affair TO the public. AND, thereFORe,<br />
the part you played will never be known. AND I'll be<br />
HANGed IF I.undersTANd how a PROMinent TYPE like<br />
Sir VIRGULE ASC could have been involved in a PLOT like<br />
thAT."<br />
"Actually, WATsON, I believe it was his sON, VIRGULE<br />
ASC-II, NOTed inventOR of the aSPClasp, who built the<br />
high SPEED presses the gang used."<br />
"It was VIRGULE ASCII who invented the aSPClasp TO<br />
hold asps AND other REPTiles when he was traveling in<br />
Egypt, but it was his fA<strong>The</strong>r, Sir VIRGULE, who invented<br />
the TOugh goAT GR-APPLE while ON EXP-EDITiON in<br />
the RIOBranco in Brazil, who was respONsible FOR the<br />
high SPEED presses."<br />
"Perhaps so, W ATsON. Well, wHOMEver it was, it was<br />
indeed a TOugHGR-APPLE. But, IF thAT's so, THEN<br />
which ONe invented the hipPOPotamUSRein?"<br />
"Neither, it was Sir VIRGULE's sister, DoLORES. A<br />
prolIFic inventOR herself, she also invented the sERR<br />
ATed knIFe."<br />
"Yes, I RECALL, W ATsON. She had a facTOry of her<br />
own AND employed sixteen people FOR making knives."<br />
"SIXTEEN-FORS-ERR-ATing, eh, Holmes? She also<br />
invented the famouSGNu GRasper. Hmm ... she was quite<br />
a SHAPEly lady as I RECALL, but there was a certain<br />
alooFNess about her. AT any rATe she was certainly a<br />
FORloRNDoLORES when they arrested her AND her<br />
bRO<strong>The</strong>r."<br />
"RIGHT you are." He smiled AND turned TO the sea.<br />
"Look there," Holmes poINTed TO a school of thirty-two<br />
salMON. "INTeresting, W ATsON, look, as sixteen come<br />
TO the TOP TO swim, the other SIXTEEN-GOSUB<br />
Surface TO swim."<br />
After a LENGTH of time, Holmes poINTed TO the<br />
hORizON. "Look AT thAT ship in the disTANce. It looks<br />
like a FLOATING-POINT, doesn't it?"<br />
When we arrived in Calais, we found thA T the coach TO<br />
Paris had been DELA Yed because the coachMAN was<br />
indisPOSed. While they tried TO locATe a SUBstitute<br />
DRIVEr, we decided TO eAT AT a little cafe around the<br />
cORner. <strong>The</strong> MENU was shORt AND we had little OR<br />
NOMONey but we MANaged TOO sATisfy ourselves by<br />
eATing a lot of bREAD. As we finished our meal, the<br />
ROWdy cROWd was starting TO heckle the cafe per<br />
FORmer whose rENDitiON of a certain BAUDy ballad had<br />
been amATeurish AND SINgularly bORing.<br />
"Is the PROGRAM-TOO-LARGE?" the perFORmer<br />
asked the cROWd in desperATiON.<br />
"Oui,oui!", the cROWd cried.<br />
A PIXEL-A Ted English gen tleMAN AT the NEXT T ABle<br />
yelled, "You've committed a TOO-LONG-ERROR AND<br />
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April 1983 45
IF you are NOT quiet, we'll put you in a tuBLOAD of<br />
CONcrete, thROW you in the ocean AND there will be<br />
NOTRACE of you LEFT."<br />
<strong>The</strong> cries of "oui, oui" went up aLONg with the English<br />
MAN's cries of "yes, yes" AND MERGEd inTO ONe<br />
GReAT VOLUME of SOUND.<br />
AT thAT poINT, the perFORmer sPRINTed from the<br />
cafe in RECORD time.<br />
Holmes suddenly G Rabbed my arm. "I know thAT MAN.<br />
He's an agent of MORiarty. His NAME is MAX FILES.<br />
Quick, we must follow him."<br />
We were UP-AND RUNNING after him in an insTANt.<br />
We chased the MAN inTO the back roorri AND through a<br />
WINDOW, down the STReet, AND inTO an OFFice<br />
building where we ENTERed ON-TO a lANDing. <strong>The</strong>re<br />
were STEPs down ON the LEFT AND STEPs up ON the<br />
RIGHT. I started down the LOWER-CASE but Holmes<br />
TOok the UPPER-CASE so I SHIFTed directiON AND<br />
followed. As we reached the TOP of the STEPs we saw the<br />
doOR AT the END of the cORridOR CLOSE. Holmes<br />
moved TO the doOR quickly. "It's LOCKed, WATsON;<br />
LENd me your shoulder."<br />
<strong>The</strong> doOR was sturdy AND required GREATER-THAN<br />
EXPected efFORt TO BREAK it in. By the time we broke<br />
inside, MAX FILES had gotten away down the fire ESCAPE.<br />
"This room is full of FILE cabinets," Holmes observed.<br />
"LET's check some of these FILEs, WATsON, there maybe<br />
a clue here."<br />
I OPENed a FILE DRAWer AND pulled a hANDful of<br />
'B's fROM an 'A' folder AND a hANDful of'A's fROM a 'B'<br />
folder. Obviously a FILE-TYPE-MISMATCH I thought. I<br />
PEEKed into aNO<strong>The</strong>r DRAW er but found this FILE<br />
LOCKED. THEN an idea STRuck me.<br />
"I wONder IF he sought a FILE-NOT-FOUND, Holmes?"<br />
"Perhaps, but I have a feeling he was trying TO lead us<br />
here. Try thAT FILE over there."<br />
This NOT-DIRECT-COMMAND exhORted me TO<br />
SEARCH the NEXT FILE FOR I did NOT CON sider it an<br />
ILLEGAL-DIRECTive but simply a friENDly suggestiON.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re were ONly two folders in the first DRAWer. ONe<br />
TAB was marked 'H' which made it an HTAB AND the<br />
other was marked 'V' which made it a VTAB. <strong>The</strong> seCONd<br />
DRAWer CONTained an old FREnch TEXT-FILEd away<br />
between two spONges which I supPOSe were FILE<br />
pADDing OR FILE-BUFFERs. <strong>The</strong> third DRAW er was<br />
LOCKed but the fourth DRAW er was UNLOCKed AND<br />
CONTained a set of GRAPHIC PLOTs. <strong>The</strong> ONly RE<br />
MARKable thing about them was thAT the tentHLINe ON<br />
the sixtHPLOT was ORANGE.<br />
Holmes suddenly CALLed my ATtentiON TO the chalk<br />
BOARD AT the END of the room. He picked up a<br />
POINTER fROM the chalk tray AND poINTed TO a small<br />
circular SHAPEd OBJECT DRAWn ON the BOARD.<br />
"WhAT is it, Holmes, a DISK? "<br />
ss"TOo small. MORe like a DISKETTE. Look AT the<br />
DELicATely SCROLLed LOOPs DRA Wn ON the surface,<br />
ONe within aNO<strong>The</strong>r, rA<strong>The</strong>r like NESTED-LOOPS.<br />
Others overlap like CROSSED-LOOPS."<br />
"WhAT does a DISK-FULL ofLOOPs mean, Holmes?"<br />
"WhAT comes TO MEMORY when you think ofLOOPs,<br />
WATsON?"<br />
"RibbONs . .. kNOTs? No, perhaps it's an anagRAM.<br />
LET's see . . . ploo .. . . ? No ... pool, thAT's it. Pool!"<br />
"Good FOR you, W ATsON. <strong>The</strong> NATiONal Billiard<br />
CONTest is being held in LONdON this week."<br />
"WhAT a REMARKable clue! THEN it's back TO<br />
LONdON, eh, Holmes?"<br />
"My dear fellow, no. I would say thAT this is a SINgularly<br />
inept ATtempt by thAT malignant creATure, MORiartu,<br />
TO divert us back TO LONdON AND away fROM our<br />
TRUE course. No, NOT back. ONward TO Paris! AND<br />
ERASE the BOARD will you, old chap?"<br />
ON our coach ride TO Paris the SUBstitute coachMAN<br />
TOok the wrONg fORk, which was a BAD-BRANCH-ERR.<br />
He CONTINUEd some time beFORe anyONe NOTiced<br />
AND inFORmed him of his ERROR.<br />
Meanwhile, I developed a sTOmachache but there were<br />
NO-BUFFERS-AVAILABLE in my BLACK bag so I had TO<br />
ADDRESS the problem by using mental diversiONs in<br />
which I pretENDed TO be an actOR who was a TYPE<br />
MISMATCH, THEN a mA<strong>The</strong>mATician who was OUT-OF<br />
DATA, AND finally an amnesiac who was OUT-OF<br />
MEMORY.<br />
LATer, the DRIVEr made a BAD-RETURN-ERR because<br />
he drove past the fORk where he made his first<br />
ERROR AND nearly drove CLEAR back TO Calais. He<br />
needed PROMPTing fROM Holmes TOG ET back ON the<br />
RIGHT TRACK.<br />
] ust outside of Paris we were DELA Yed again. This time<br />
an old bearded gentleMAN carrying a large SIGN was<br />
bLOCKing the road. ON the SIGN, he had DRA Wn the<br />
following MESSAGE, "Do NOT SCRN God, BSAVEd, the<br />
END is near!" While I helped the coachMAN carry the<br />
zealot OFF the road, I TOld the old coot he had better<br />
increase his CONsumptiON of COBOLamin because he<br />
looked like he was suffering fROM pernicious anemia AND<br />
baDSPelling syndROMe.<br />
ONce in Paris, we HEADed FOR our COMMAND post,<br />
the LOCATION of which was across fROM the Louvre. We<br />
ENTERed the room AND READied ourselves TO MON<br />
ITOR MORiarty's nefarious hANDiwORk.<br />
"LOCK the doOR so no ONe can have RANDOM<br />
ACCESS TO the room," Holmes said as he POSITIONed<br />
himself NEXT TO the WINDOW AND PEEKed through<br />
the BOTTOM of the MEDIUM-BLUE shade.<br />
<strong>The</strong> KEY was misSINg, but there was a bolt AND two<br />
SLOTs, so with a CLICK, I slid the bolt inTO SLOT<br />
NUMBER 2. I sAT down in a CHIPpENDale chair AND<br />
sPOKE TO Holmes. "A very INTeresting affair this case, it<br />
REMinds me of the time we had TO TRACK the BINARY<br />
siblings LEN ore AND V ALentine LOMEM. REMember, we<br />
were ON their trail AND TRACEd them CLEAR TO<br />
RavensHIRES where we found them in thAT old HOME<br />
CLOSE TO the railroad TRACKs."<br />
" It was NOT a pleasant buSINess, WATsON. We had TO<br />
pay a REAL estATe MAN TO DRAW a SCALE map of the<br />
railroad LINEs AND mark the COORDINATES of the<br />
adjoining SECTOR, otherwise we would have gONe far<br />
aFIELD. It was lucky he could map AND READ-OR<br />
WRITE-A-TRACK-OR-SECTOR. But, as I RECALL, the<br />
most unusual aspect of the case was the fact thA T LEN ore<br />
had inadvertently DEFied the NATiONal GAME-CON<br />
TROL ACT of 1846 by allowing her pet RAM TO ROMp<br />
FREe in an OPEN FIELD. Why, the LONdON Times even<br />
put out an extra EDITiON ON thAT case, WATsON."<br />
"Was the EXTRA-IGNORED?" I asked.<br />
"No, it was sold in RECORD-NUMBERs, which was<br />
probably due TO the fact there was CONsiderable CONTroversy<br />
about Parliament's DEF-INITiON of a RAM being a<br />
GAME animal."<br />
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He PAUSEd, THEN CONTINUEd TO REMinisce. "I<br />
undersTANd now thAT the TURNKEY has them, thAT<br />
LEN ore AND her bRO<strong>The</strong>r are MOD El prisONers. TRUE<br />
OR FALSE?"<br />
BeFORe I could respONd, HolmesJUMPed back fROM<br />
the WINDOW. "Look here, something's NOT NORMAL.<br />
See thAT woMAN, in fine but DIM-ARRAY, sTANding in<br />
frONt of the Louvre?"<br />
"Is thAT_a REDIM'D-ARRAY, Holmes?"<br />
"CLOSEr TO disARRAY SINce her LIGHT-BLUE hAT<br />
is ROTA 'J;Ep f._ T the 'wrONg angle FOR a lady of her<br />
appare-rit POSITION."<br />
"SHE'S SO HOMEly she could be sPORTing an ASCot<br />
AND nobody would NOTice."<br />
"It's NOT a she, WATsON, it's MORiarty!"<br />
"MORiarty? I say! Holmes, look ... he's leaving in thAT<br />
ORnATe carriage. Should I TRACE his NEXT moves AND<br />
keep TABs ON hiin OR will his CARRIAGE-RETURN?"<br />
"MORiarty will RETURN. We'll be WAITing. HAND<br />
me thAT MAGENTA book ON the TABle; it looks about<br />
the RIGHT size FOR our WAIT. OR better yet, hAND me<br />
thAT DARK-GREEN TEXT TO PAGE through."<br />
"Holmes, the VOLUME-TABLE-OF-CONTENTS of this<br />
TEXT looks bORing. Besides, the outside is marked VOL<br />
UME-NUMBER I, but the first PAGE is marked VOLUME<br />
NUMBER II."<br />
" ONe moment, W ATsON, thA T's obviously a VOLUME<br />
MISMATCH. HAND me the YELLOW MONoGRAPH<br />
instead."<br />
"This One NEXT TO the AcCOUNTants REGISTER?"<br />
"NO, the ONe between <strong>The</strong> Pickle PROCESSORs MAN<br />
UAL AND <strong>The</strong> Sausage SIMULATION TUTORIAL, the<br />
ONe titled ELEMENTs of NUMBER ROUNDING."<br />
As I paced the floOR W AITing,I could NOT help but<br />
think of the silly COStume AND hAT thAT MORiarty<br />
wORe. It REMinded me of my recent trip TO RO Me where I<br />
had the questiONable hON-OR of playing bridge with the<br />
Duke AND Duchess of MONteVIDEO. Each time the<br />
Duchess held the Ace of trump (which she CALLed the<br />
CONTROLLER-CARD), she would SHIFT in her seAT,<br />
ROTATE her hAT AND give a CURSORy glance TO her<br />
husbAND. I suggested thA T my partner AND myself<br />
should AUTOmATiCALLy win by DEFAULT, but she<br />
refused.AND COUNTERed with the suggestiON thAT I<br />
GOSUBmit myself TO the medical lABS FOR psychiATric<br />
examinATiON SINce I was showing TANgible SIGNs of<br />
CHARACTER diSINteGR-ATiON. I TOld her TO go<br />
CONCATENATE her sewing MACHINE TO her mouth.<br />
As I chuckled TO myself, I tripped On the floOR<br />
REGISTER AND almost fell.<br />
"Now STOP fidGETing around, WATsON, MORiarty<br />
wON't be back FOR aNO<strong>The</strong>r hour. WRITE your CHR<br />
ONicles OR jot down some REMARKs AND LET me<br />
READ."<br />
"How do you know it will be an hour?" I asked.<br />
"ELEMENTary, WATsON."<br />
ThAT was thA T. My lONg AND CLOSE INTimacy with<br />
SherLOCK Holmes TOld me there was no UTILITY in<br />
CONTinuing the ARGUMENT; I RESET my wATch, sAT<br />
back, AND began TO PRINT my LIST of DAT A so I could<br />
eventually COMPILE it inTO a FILE FOR the CHR<br />
ONicles which I was CONsidering SERIALizing in the<br />
5STR-AND <strong>Magazine</strong>. I also wanted TO DELETE some<br />
48 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
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. j Unlocking the power of computing.
mATerial which I had ASSEMBLEd earlier thAT wasn't<br />
even, suiTABle FOR BAD-SUBSCRIPTs.<br />
But my mind wANDered. I RECALLed "<strong>The</strong> Case of <strong>The</strong><br />
SOUND of CRASHcarvilles" a shocking affair which almost<br />
COSt me my lIFe. I had been assisting Holmes by<br />
helping ONe of his OPERA TO Rs, a MAN of such INTelligence<br />
I CONsidered him ONe of Holmes' few LOGICAL<br />
OPERATORs. ON this particular case, however, he was<br />
CALLed ON TO use his unusual physical abilities AND<br />
REMARKable PERIPHERAL visiON. It was necessary<br />
FOR him TO use the cover of a race DRIVER in a moTOr<br />
car race, a sPORT which had become quite POPular in just<br />
the few years SINce the INTroductiON of the NEW fangled<br />
MACHINE.<br />
I REMember the day of the race CLEARly. He was TO<br />
DRIVE-NUMBER 7 car in POSITION-NUMBER 5. After<br />
he got his AUTOSTARTed AND moving he did NOT<br />
DEMOnSTR-ATe his ability well, because after two laps<br />
around the TRACK, he hit aNO<strong>The</strong>r race car, made an<br />
UNCONDITIONAL-JUMP AND CRASHed inTO a third<br />
AUTO nARROWly misSINg me AND aNO<strong>The</strong>r spectAT<br />
OR. You can imagine my asTOnishment when I saw him<br />
ESCAPE his burning AUTO AND RECOVER TO RE<br />
ENTER the NEXT race. <strong>The</strong> SINgular thing was thAT<br />
during the accident he sustained an injury TO his HEAD<br />
thAT made him lose his MEMORY AND FOR-GET he was<br />
ONe of Holmes' operATives. His NAME, a RESERVED<br />
WORD in Holmes' CODE book, was BEEP, but he never<br />
REMembered it AND the last I heard he had ABS-CONded<br />
with Holmes' retainer ....<br />
Suddenly, there was a POP AND FLASH fROM out in the<br />
STReet. I JUMPed up.<br />
"Steady, W ATsON, CONTROL yourself. It's CLEARly a<br />
diversiON. <strong>The</strong> GAME's afoot. Look there AT the entrance<br />
TO the Louvre! It's MORiarty! He is about TO. EXECUTE<br />
his plan. LOAD your revolver AND WAIT FOR my<br />
COMMAND."<br />
An extraORdinary EXPRESSION came over my friEND' s<br />
face, THEN he arose AND FLASHed past me. "Quick,<br />
WATsON!" With DIGITAL dexterity he slid back the bolt,<br />
pulled away the CHAIN AND threw OPEN the doOR. He<br />
STRode down the STEPs three AT a time.<br />
I couldn't RUN AT thAT SPEED (STEP minus-3), POSsibly<br />
because my food INPUT had been GREATER-THAN<br />
my OUTPUT (it was an INPUT/OUPUT-ERROR ON my<br />
part SINce my weight PROGRAM had CALLed FOR<br />
mORe POWER EXP-ENDiture than I could MANage). I<br />
slipped ON the EDGE of the BOTTOM STEP, tORe my<br />
ttoUSERs AND scuffed the TOP of my shoe. I got up but<br />
tripped over my shoeSTRING. It was either a STRING<br />
OVERFLOW-ERROR OR a STRING-TOO-LONG<br />
ERROR. I tied it but inadvertently got my finger caught in<br />
the lace which was a simple STRING-ERR. I felt like a<br />
SLAVE whose MASTER had given him the BOOT. I<br />
thought thAT I would never make a good shoe STRING<br />
OPERA TOR AND I even CONsidered committing a CAN'T<br />
CONTINUE-ERROR, but I eventually RESTOREd myself<br />
AND RESUMEd the chase.<br />
I PADDLEd through the doORs of the Louvre with<br />
Holmes far aHEAD of me. I passed a DARK-BLUE still lIFe<br />
ON the LEFT AND a PURPLE PORTrait ON the RIGHT,<br />
THEN an AQUA seASCape ON the RIGHT AND a<br />
GREEN lANDscape ON the LEFT. I ENTERed aNO<strong>The</strong>r<br />
room AND almost CRASHed in TO a TRUNCATEd MONolith.<br />
I became CON fused, REENTERed the first chamber<br />
AND ran through several rooms beFORe ENTERing a<br />
SECTION of GRAPHICS, wATerCOLORs AND ink<br />
DRAWings. MIDway across the room I STOPped. ByONd,<br />
of a GReAT MAGENTA APPLE in a GREY fRAMe.<br />
Holmes was eaSINg up TO him fROM behind AND after a<br />
moment he G Rabbed him. Like an enraged tiger, MORiarty<br />
STRuggled vioLENtly.<br />
"You devil!" MORiarty screamed.<br />
"Quick, WATsON, your revolver. We can't LET him<br />
ESCAPE," Holmes cried.<br />
I poINTed the revolver AT him. "DON't RUN OR<br />
BACK-UP, you fiEND!"<br />
"CAPITAL, WATsON, wATch him CLOSEly."<br />
"<strong>The</strong>re will be a NEXT time, Mr. SherLOCK Holmes.<br />
AND I will win NEXT time!" MORiarty snarled.<br />
Holmes POKEd his INDEX DIGIT AT MORiarty's nose.<br />
"ThAT is a BAD-NEXT-ERROR, ProfessOR, because<br />
there will be no NEXT time."<br />
MORiarty FREnetiCALLy spewed FORth wORds of<br />
EXECrATiON, but was cut OFF as lnspectOR HIMEM<br />
followed by two gENDarmes suddenly ran in TO the room.<br />
"Good wORk, Mr. Holmes," HIMEM said. "You're TO<br />
be CON-G R-ATulATed. This MAN's fiENDishness is POS<br />
ITIVEly UNEQUALed. He has eluded the best minds in<br />
Europe AND the few times he has been CAPTUREd, he's<br />
ESCAPEd. But, I assure you, Mr. Holmes, there will be no<br />
ESCAPE this time. I will GET him TO a secure place with<br />
GReAT EXPediency."<br />
"Yes, lnspectOR, I would be LESS-THAN cANDid IF I<br />
did NOT put it TO you TO guard this MAN with your lIFe,"<br />
Holmes cautiONed.<br />
<strong>The</strong> InspectOR nodded. "I undersTANd TOtally AND<br />
ABSolutely, Mr. Holmes. AND I'm sure thAT as a TOKEN<br />
of FRance's appreciATiON, MONsieur le President will<br />
hON-OR you with the Croix de GuERRe."<br />
THEN, HIMEM turned TO MORiarty. "Your IMME<br />
DIATE-EXECUTION will take PRECEDENCE over thAT<br />
of all comMON RUN-of-the-mill cutthroATs, MAN slayers<br />
AND assasSINs who will now have DEFERRED-EXEC<br />
UTIONs. <strong>The</strong> guillotine a W AITs your HEAD, ProfessOR."<br />
ONe of the gENDarmes TOok a set ofMANacles out of a<br />
small CASSETTE STRapped TO his waist AND hANDcuffed<br />
MORiarty. <strong>The</strong>y marched OFF, ONe gENDarme<br />
aHEAD of MORiarty, ONe behind him, with HIMEM<br />
leading the way. This SINgle COLUMN had a LINE<br />
WIDTH ofONe.<br />
I tur,ned TO Holmes. "But whAT was MORiarty after?<br />
Why was he trying TO steal this ridiculous GRAPHIC of a<br />
MAGENTA APPLE when some of the most VALuable<br />
paINTings in the wORld are ON DISPLAY all around us?"<br />
"It's NOT the APPLE he's after, WATsON. Here, PEEK<br />
CLOSEly AT the GRAPHICS."<br />
As I drew CLOSEr, I REALized thAT the GRAPHICS<br />
were made up of EQUALly SPACEd ALPHANUMERIC<br />
CHARACTERS. "Why, it's some kind of CODE, Holmes."<br />
"Exactly, old friEND. It is an INITIALIZEd INVERSE<br />
HEXADECIMAL CODE CONsisting of VARIABLE RAN<br />
DOM INTEGER NUMBERS arranged in a SEQUENTIAL<br />
pATtern. WATsON, this is the combinATiON TO the<br />
LOCK ON the doOR of the TOwer ofLONdON, hereTO<br />
FORe known ONly TO Queen VECTORia!"<br />
"Thank heavens, Holmes, you've SAVEd the CROWn<br />
Jewels. But I dON't undersTANd a BIT of this SYNTAX<br />
and STRUCTURED approach."<br />
"BASIC, my dear WATsON, BASIC!"<br />
NO-END-ERR.<br />
•<br />
50 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
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Review:<br />
JRT PASCAL 2.2<br />
by Morgan P. Caffrey<br />
From:<br />
JRT Systems<br />
P. 0 . Box 22365<br />
San Francisco, CA 94122<br />
Price: $29.95<br />
Requires:<br />
CP/ M<br />
56K (16K memory card)<br />
1 disk drive<br />
I love the marketing idea behind this Pascal system which<br />
works, and quite well, under the CP/ M operating system. <strong>The</strong><br />
idea is simply to sell a good implementation of a language at a<br />
price everyone can af<strong>for</strong>d and make a profit from volume sales.<br />
<strong>The</strong> idea shouldn't work if the quality isn't present I am very<br />
happy with the value.<br />
I first read about JRT Pascal in an ad a few months ago, and<br />
the price seemed quite small <strong>for</strong> the features promised. To<br />
cinch the offer, there was a 30-day inspection period. I sent the<br />
check and waited. Once, be<strong>for</strong>e I got the cancelled check, I<br />
called up to ask about the delay. " <strong>Apple</strong> versions are running a<br />
little late. Hang on," they said. After I got the cancelled check I<br />
waited a couple of weeks and called again, gave my name and<br />
they said " Next Thursday's shipment" Since I live in the same<br />
city I waited until the Tuesday following the Thursday and ...<br />
nothing. <strong>The</strong> following Saturday I got a polite post·card saying<br />
that shipments had been delayed again and if I wanted my<br />
money back to call and it would be refunded. Five days later the<br />
package arrived. Not a perfect product ordering cycle, but<br />
acceptable except <strong>for</strong> cashing the check early.<br />
Documentation<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> JRT Pascal package consists of a loose-leaf three·<br />
hole punched document and two 5 %-inch diskettes. <strong>The</strong><br />
document includes a very adequate Table of Contents (YEA!)<br />
and no index (BOO!). It never mentions the <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong> or<br />
features.<br />
<strong>The</strong> document begins with the usual heads·we·win·tails·you·<br />
lose legalese, to wit fully copyrighted and trademarked but no<br />
warranties and representations as to value or responsibility <strong>for</strong><br />
loss because of use. As usual, the users are more or less on<br />
their own. <strong>The</strong> advertisements state, and nothing in the<br />
documentation controverts, the idea that the user has the right<br />
to copy the diskettes and documentation as long as it is not <strong>for</strong><br />
resale. Would that more vendors displayed that kind of<br />
courage.<br />
<strong>The</strong> documentation is word processed rather than typeset It<br />
was produced with a very readable dot-matrix printer. Once<br />
into the documentation I never thought about it again until this<br />
writing.<br />
Overall the documentation's writing style seems a bit dated;<br />
terse almost to the point of being telegraphic. (Walter Winchell?)<br />
It doesn't even pretend to be a beginner's guide to Pascal. It<br />
discusses the features present in the language implementation,<br />
clearly and succinctly.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Implementation<br />
1. External functions or procedures are separately compiled<br />
in Pascal or Assembly language, and when first referenced<br />
are automatically loaded and linked. Alternately, the external<br />
procedures or functions may be linked into one single<br />
module.<br />
2. Inactive procedures are purged by the run-time package<br />
whenever memory becomes full. <strong>The</strong> run-time package has<br />
a pseudo-time which tracks the loading sequence of each<br />
external procedure and when inactive procedures are being<br />
removed the oldest is selected. In the <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong><br />
version (and others) of Pascal this is done specifically with<br />
the SEGMENT compiler word, in addition to the normal<br />
EXTERNAL declaration. <strong>The</strong> penalty, of course is loading<br />
time. <strong>The</strong> benefit is to allow the use of programs as large as<br />
may be stored on disk, as long as the individual procedures<br />
will fit in memory.<br />
3. 14-digit precision floating point m'athematics. Standard<br />
functions are supported.<br />
4. 1/0 supports sequential TEXT and two kinds of random<br />
disk access. A relative byte address mode allows access to<br />
random files of variable length records.<br />
5. Disk files may be opened in both " text" and " binary" <strong>for</strong>mat<br />
6. <strong>The</strong>re are system " built-ins" (intrinsics) which include full<br />
access to all CP/ M operating system services, or any other<br />
machine language routine anywhere in memory. CPU<br />
52 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
egisters may be set up as variables and passed to the<br />
assembler routine, and the CPU registers are automatically<br />
returned to the variables following the call. Another built-in,<br />
MAP, provides a method to make a variable or array point to<br />
a specific memory location or range (nice <strong>for</strong> memory<br />
mapped 1/0 and graphics, and PEEKs and POKEs <strong>for</strong> the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>'s "softswitches").<br />
7. A debugging feature including a line trace mode (line<br />
numbers of the compiler listing) or procedure trace mode.<br />
Each can be initiated from the keyboard at or after run-time<br />
as well as from within programs.<br />
8. A program analysis procedure, called ACTNAN, which<br />
creates a histogram of program usage to show where time<br />
is being spent ACTNAN allows the option of specifying<br />
which program lines (actually compilation listing lines) are<br />
to be analyzed.<br />
While the program is running, ACTNAN is monitoring<br />
program activity. Press CTRL-A and an interrupt brings you to a<br />
menu of choices which allow you to clear counters, print<br />
histogram, initialize a new line range <strong>for</strong> analysis or run the<br />
program without further monitoring.<br />
Software provided:<br />
JRT Pascal Compiler (in seven segments)<br />
Run-time Environment (EXEC. COM)<br />
External functions (ARCTAN, COS, SIN,LN (natural log),SQRT)<br />
External Procedures (PASCAL)<br />
Letters (block letters)<br />
JST AT (statistical procedures)<br />
JGRAF (terminal oriented graphics)<br />
External Procedures (assembler)<br />
Setbit<br />
Resetbit<br />
Testbit<br />
External Procedure Assembler which produces linkable code<br />
(8080 only).<br />
Microsoft 8080 '. REL' file converter <strong>for</strong> linkable code.<br />
Linker - merges some or all external procedures to main<br />
program.<br />
Dynamic Trace Control<br />
Customize to alter system description ED (the ubiquitous and<br />
<strong>for</strong>ever unfriendly CP/ M editor)<br />
Running the system is not necessarily simple, but it is<br />
straight<strong>for</strong>ward. First go through the normal thinking and<br />
planning process of creating a program. (That's the trouble<br />
with Pascal it <strong>for</strong>ces you to think -PCW) <strong>The</strong>n create your<br />
source files with ED or (with many suggestions <strong>for</strong> avoiding<br />
pitfalls, Wordstar).<br />
Compile the Pascal program, procedure, Assembly routine<br />
etc. Go through the linking procedure, if necessary or desirable.<br />
When everything is ready, "EXEC (programname)" and you<br />
are running your program.<br />
Compiler Options<br />
Compilers usually have optional characteristics, and JRT<br />
PASCAL is no different <strong>The</strong> following options are available.<br />
$E - Error Stop<br />
$L · Enable Line Trace<br />
$P - Enable Procedure Trace<br />
<strong>The</strong> compile-time options are matched by a set of run-time<br />
options, which are:<br />
\<br />
$A - do ACTNAN interrupt be<strong>for</strong>e execution.<br />
$L - do Line Trace immediately upon execution.<br />
$N - Do EXEC interrupt immediately upon execution<br />
$P - Do a Procedure Trace immediately upon execution.<br />
Each option can be initiated under program control, or from<br />
the keyboard with a CTRL-A (<strong>for</strong> ACTNAN) or CTRL-N (<strong>for</strong><br />
EXEC interrupts).<br />
<strong>The</strong> activated interrupts allow some system parameters to<br />
be displayed and modified. CTRL-P directs an echo of the<br />
screen activity to the printer (which is a standard CP/ M feature).<br />
Program errors cause visual messages (although this too<br />
can be suppressed) or, when serious enough, cause termination<br />
with a <strong>for</strong>matted display of critical system data. Minimal<br />
display:<br />
addr :nnnn<br />
base :nnnn<br />
low :nnnn<br />
prog :nnnn<br />
cur :nnn<br />
compr:nnnn<br />
size :nnnn<br />
tos :nnnn<br />
purge:<br />
. .. and may optionally include the name of the most recently<br />
referenced file, a status byte and the current default disk If<br />
external procedures were being used a table is printed as well.<br />
exproc name addr use cnt time stat<br />
filename nnnn nnnn nnnn nn<br />
<strong>The</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation shows procedure name, main memory<br />
storage location, whether the procedure is currently loaded in<br />
main memory, relative time of last use and some status<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation about the activity or non-activity at the moment of<br />
the abort<br />
Data Types<br />
Data types are one of the nicest points of Pascal in general.<br />
JRT PASCAL supports:<br />
INTEGER (decimal or hexadecimal)<br />
REAL ( 10-64 to 1063<br />
BOOLEAN<br />
CHAR<br />
STRUCTURED (record)<br />
DYNAMIC STRINGS (up to 64K <strong>for</strong> one string)<br />
SETS<br />
POINTER<br />
<strong>The</strong> CASE statement has a non-standard ELSE clause<br />
which will execute when the selector expression is not within<br />
the prescribed range. Additionally, the standard constant<br />
labels have been augmented with expressions. Thus:<br />
CASE ANGLE of<br />
PHI : WRITELN ('PHI');<br />
2.0 * PHI : WRITELN ('two PHI');<br />
3.0 * PHI : WRITELN ('three PHI');<br />
ELSE : WRITELN ('angle not on NODE');<br />
END;<br />
New Release<br />
<strong>The</strong> JRT people have per<strong>for</strong>med an excellent end-run during<br />
the writing of this review. A new release, 3.0, has been<br />
announced. <strong>The</strong>re is no upgrade path. Simply buy the new<br />
version (this time I will make the order C. 0. D.) and dig in to the<br />
new features and extended manual. <strong>The</strong> reported actual time<br />
<strong>for</strong> completion and beginning delivery was stated as ... well,<br />
we'll see.<br />
•<br />
April 1983 53
Few Sundays ago 1 was down at Uncle Zeb's store, havin' a<br />
brew with the boys and shootin' the breeze. Uncle Zeb's is a real<br />
fine place cause everybody that comes through Lizard Lick<br />
stops in to see what's going on. We have a lot of fun laughing at<br />
the yokels that come through. Uncle Zeb makes us real<br />
com<strong>for</strong>table. He has plenty of cold beer there and sets up a lV<br />
and some chairs <strong>for</strong> us. Things was real slow that day cause on<br />
account of the football strike there wasn't anything worth<br />
watching on the the television.<br />
So we was kind of talkin about this'n that when John-boy<br />
asked how things was coming with my computer. I'd told them<br />
all about it since 1 won it in the contest and tried to figure out<br />
how to make it work Most times 1 talk about it they get all glassyeyed<br />
like they'd been back at the still and try to change the<br />
subject John-boy's usually the first to do that So 1 was real<br />
surprised when he asked me about it Well, like 1 said, things<br />
was real slow that day.<br />
1 started to tell them about my troubles with the tractor feed.<br />
Bout the middle of October, right after the harvest, 1 was going<br />
through some of my computer magazines catchin up on the<br />
readin 1 hadn't been able to do on account of farmin and all<br />
keepin me so busy. Well l saw this ad <strong>for</strong> a $400.00 tractor feed<br />
in one of them magazines. 1 thought this was kind of funny,<br />
selling a tractor feed in a computer magazine, but the price was<br />
right so 1 called the company that was selling it My old one was<br />
starting to break down a lot and Paul, our local expert on such<br />
things, said it only had a .couple more months left in it<br />
When 1 called the company they said it was a tractor feed <strong>for</strong> a<br />
Qume. l figured that must be some new Japanese model cause<br />
I'd never heard of it, so anyway 1 asked if it would work on my<br />
John Deere. Well, they said they'd never heard of one, which<br />
was real strange, but they said they'd send it along anyway and 1<br />
could return it if it didn't work <strong>The</strong>y said they'd send it through<br />
the mail, which 1 couldn't figure out cause the last one 1 got<br />
54 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
Our Man in Lizard Lick Looks at ...<br />
<strong>The</strong> Role of a New Machine<br />
by Alan B. Fid<br />
.. ~<br />
.. . '<br />
came on a flatbed. Sure enough a week later the postman<br />
comes up to the house with this overgrown cigar box<br />
I figured there had to be some kind of mistake. Inside the box<br />
there was this silly little contraption made up of bars and gears.<br />
It was way too small and flimsy, and try as I might I couldn't find<br />
any way to hook it up to my tractor. . So I had to pack the thing<br />
back up again and send it back <strong>The</strong>se computer folks can sure<br />
be screwy sometimes.<br />
About this time Mike roared up on his motorcycle and came<br />
stamping into Uncle Zeb's. Mike is kirid of our local oddball. He<br />
has a beard and lives by himself in this trailer back in the woods.<br />
We kind of like him cause he doesn't make too much trouble<br />
but you never know what he's gonna say next He heard what<br />
we was talking about and right away said"! tell you what a<br />
computer ought to do!"<br />
"I do lots of traveling from farm to farm doing odd jobs." We<br />
all knew that, but we let him go on anyway." I need something to<br />
help me when I have to count somebody's cows and calves at<br />
night <strong>The</strong>m calves are real hard to see in the dark, so it should<br />
have a counter and a light in it Maybe you could call it 'Visicalf.'<br />
It should be a real small computer, too, so I can carry it on my<br />
motorcyde." Mike usually comes up with dumb things, but this<br />
was about as dumb as a funeral <strong>for</strong> a dead rock<br />
Uncle Zeb was disgusted and suggested that maybe the<br />
computer could be smart enough to tell Mike when to come in<br />
out of the rain. That got the rest of the boys started. Woody said<br />
he wanted a computer to keep track of what was going on<br />
behind his barn cause he was havin sorhe trouble with his son<br />
goin back there all the time with Jo·Anne, that Felt girl with all<br />
the· curves.<br />
Pastor Steve kind of'harumphed" at this, but said he needed<br />
a computer to keep track of which saint was iri charge of what<br />
and what the saint's days were. <strong>The</strong>re was so many people<br />
coming in with problems that he couldn't keep track of who<br />
was the patron saint of what and never was really sure which<br />
one to pray to. A computer that could keep track of icons and<br />
all that religious stuff would be great<br />
<strong>The</strong>n Rance said he needed a computer to keep track of the<br />
bookkeeping fc;ir his still. He thought his partner might be<br />
sippin some on the side, so to speak Dave said that was a good<br />
idea cause he rieeded one to keep track of his booze supplies<br />
cause Lynda Mae was always puttin on these big parties and the<br />
stuff kept on disappearing.<br />
Things was going just great and the boys was really havin a<br />
great time when Cathie, Zeb's wife, came back from the front of<br />
the store to say there was a phone call <strong>for</strong> me. Betsy Ann was on<br />
the phone to say that our daughter, Maggie Sue, had just said<br />
"<strong>for</strong>tran" to her in the kitchen so I had to go home to give her a<br />
whuppin. I left just as Deputy Lou said he needed a computer to<br />
figure out how many more speeding tickets he had to write to<br />
af<strong>for</strong>d a vacation in Canada this year.<br />
ti<br />
April 1983 55
What's on the Menu?<br />
by Peter C. Weiglin<br />
You may still get an argument in some quarters, but the<br />
generally accepted opinion is that the screen-display menu is<br />
the most user-friendly way to guide yourself, or someone else,<br />
through the steps of executing a program. Particularly some·<br />
one else. <strong>The</strong> other approaches involve the need to have<br />
instructions and in<strong>for</strong>mation external tb the cqmputer, such as<br />
a reference card of the commands which yield desired actions,<br />
usually accompanied by a well-thumbed printed manual.<br />
_In any computer language or <strong>for</strong>mat, what happens when a<br />
menu choice is made is that the program jumps to the section<br />
of the code that will carry out that function. Upon completion of<br />
the task, the program jumps back to the menu code section, to<br />
offer the next choice.<br />
That's true regardless of the way the menu is <strong>for</strong>matted on<br />
the screen. <strong>The</strong> classic "cafeteria" menu shown in Figure 1<br />
offers numbered choices and offers an invitation to pick one.<br />
Now look at Figure 2, the" command line" menu, which looks<br />
different but is identical in function. Why use one or the other?<br />
Well, the command line consumes less screen space, but the<br />
cafeteria is less cryptic in explaining options. "Add/ Delete<br />
Records" is more in<strong>for</strong>mative and reassuring than "A(D/ DL".<br />
<strong>The</strong> choice of menu type depends in part on just how<br />
complicated the choices are; how much in<strong>for</strong>mation should be<br />
conveyed at that moment (Hint: if you're saying " Well, that<br />
should be obvious to anyone", it probably isn't)<br />
So let's look at menus, and the BASIC and Pascal programs<br />
which construct them. Funny how we think; because the<br />
Pascal operating system uses a command line, we associate<br />
command lines with Pascal and cafeteria menus with BASIC.<br />
But the <strong>for</strong>mat is independent of language. (Did we catch you<br />
off guard?)<br />
We have a hypothetical program, which creates and updates<br />
an equally hypothetical file on a data disk In the best tradition,<br />
it's "menu-driven". Our cafeteria menu might look like this:<br />
HYPOTHETICAL FILE<br />
WHAT'S YOUR PLEASURE?<br />
1. SHOW/CHANGE RECORD<br />
2. LOAD/SAVE FILE .<br />
3. ADD/ DELETE RECORDS<br />
4. SORT THE FILE<br />
5. PRINT OUT FILE<br />
6. END ACTMTY<br />
ENTER NUMBER OF ACTMTY:<br />
Figure 1<br />
A command line to do exactly the same thing would have, at<br />
the top or bottom of the screen, a line like:<br />
D(ISP L(D/SV A(D/ DL S(ORT P(RNT Q(UIT<br />
Figure 2<br />
What happens is that a six·way branching process is set up,<br />
so that control jumps to the program segment which handles<br />
the selected chore. At the end of these program segments,<br />
execution is returned to the beginning of the menu routine.<br />
BASIC Cafeteria<br />
Be<strong>for</strong>e we get into the menu, note that in Line 20, we've<br />
defined strings D$ (the DOS operator) as CHR$(13) +<br />
CHR$(4); and GG$ (two bells) as CHR$(7) + CHR$(7). String<br />
GG$ provides an audible signal that an invalid value has been<br />
entered. (Sure, we could have called it " BL$" or " BE$" ; but it is<br />
two Control G's, after all . .. )<br />
Lines 100 and above are there to represent the "rest of the<br />
program". Lines 1000 and 1010 in the full-screen display<br />
listings are subroutines to center and print the title. We have<br />
shown Lines 100 and above only in the first listing to save<br />
space, but they belong in all three BASIC listings.<br />
For the BASIC programs, the menus begin at Line 60.<br />
Listing 1 is an <strong>Apple</strong>soft BASIC program framework <strong>for</strong> the<br />
cafeteria menu, using the riumber·select method of choosing<br />
the activity. Lines 61 to 68 clear the screen and print the menu<br />
choices. Line 70 asks <strong>for</strong> and GETs your choice, which it will<br />
regard as a string named A$.<br />
Using the GET function rather than INPUT allows immediate<br />
execution of the selected activity without the need to press<br />
«RETaRN». GET is, of course, limited to one-character re·<br />
sponses. It also requires that PRINT command immediately<br />
after it; consider them inseparable; GET A$ : PRINT.<br />
Now, in Line 72, we convert A$ into an integer variable, A'fo.<br />
Well, if we were going to need an integer, why didn't we ask <strong>for</strong><br />
the integer entry iri the first place rather than a string? Because<br />
if we had requested GET A% : PRINT, and someone had hit any<br />
key other than a number, we get the dreaded ?REENTER, with<br />
line feeds, and general havoc on the screen. GETting a string is<br />
an error trap; Line 74 evaluates the entered data and limits the<br />
acceptable keyboard responses to values between one and six<br />
(the number of items on our menu). Note too that Line 74<br />
sends goofs back (with the bell) to Line 70, not to Line 60. It's<br />
cleaner and quicker not to clear and re-display the whole menu<br />
screen, and that's why Line 70 has its own VT AB statement<br />
<strong>The</strong> key line, assuming eventual entry of an acceptable<br />
response, is Line 76, which is an ON .. . GOTO statement <strong>The</strong><br />
six numbers after the GOTO, separated by commas, are the<br />
starting line numbers of the corresponding program segments.<br />
If you have chosen activity 3, A% has been set equal to three,<br />
56 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
and the ON .. . GOTO statement counts to the third line<br />
number listed. That's 300 in this case, and the Add/ Delete<br />
program segment is called into play. Line 399 represents the<br />
end of the Add/ Delete program segment, and is a GOTO<br />
statement which sends us back to the menu. <strong>The</strong> TEXT :<br />
HOME statements in Line 61 clear the screen, as does HOME<br />
in Line 75, to prevent some interesting but useless text<br />
overlays.<br />
BASIC Command Line<br />
<strong>The</strong> command line menu program code in <strong>Apple</strong>soft BASIC<br />
is shown in Listing 2. (Remember, Lines 100 to 1010 are the<br />
same as in Listing 1.) <strong>The</strong> TEXT : HOME statements in Line 61<br />
are separated from the menu display in Line 62 because you<br />
may not want to clear the screen when you display the<br />
command line. To clear the screen, GOTO 61; to leave existing<br />
text on the screen (below the second screen line), GOTO 62.<br />
Line 62 in oLir sample displays the menu at the top line of the<br />
screen, then uses CALL-868 to clear the second screen line <strong>for</strong><br />
a bit of "black space" . POKE 34,2 keeps the menu · from<br />
scrolling off <strong>The</strong> TEXT command, or POKE 34,0, used<br />
anywhere, will release the frozen portion of the screen.<br />
<strong>The</strong> choice is made by entering the first letter of the choice in<br />
response to the GET A$ : PRINT in Line 66. Here, we use only<br />
the string variable, instead of the numeric variable required <strong>for</strong><br />
ON ... GOTO. <strong>The</strong> single-character string operates through<br />
six IF ... THEN statements, Lines 70 to 75, to send program<br />
control to the right place. Line 80 is the error trap; any entry that<br />
isn't one of the six menu choice letters gets the GonG, and<br />
sends you back <strong>for</strong> another try.<br />
Yes, you could use the IF ... THEN approach with the<br />
cafeteria menu, using the numbers as single-character strings.<br />
Now that we've covered two screen displays (cafeteria and<br />
command line), and two methods of dispatching control<br />
(ON ... GOTO and IF . .. THEN), let's try something fancier.<br />
How about a cafeteria menu that features moving arrows<br />
instead of numbers?<br />
Listing 3 is a program segment <strong>for</strong> the menu that lists our six<br />
options. Arrows at the left and right point to an option, and that<br />
option is highlighted in inverse print <strong>The</strong> left and right arrow<br />
keys move the arrows up and down respectively, and «RETURN»<br />
selects the option to which the arrows currently point <strong>The</strong><br />
arrows wrap around from bottom to top, and from top to<br />
bottom.<br />
Lines 40 through 4 7 in Listing 3 work with Line 64 to show an<br />
alternative to displaying cafeteria menu choices. By separately<br />
identifying the activity lines as M$(1) instead of including them<br />
in PRINT statements, modification is easier and you have a<br />
multi-use framework Note too that spaces have been added<br />
be<strong>for</strong>e and after the menu words, to improve appearance when<br />
highlighted.<br />
Line 48 determines the first and last screen lines on which<br />
the menu items will be printed; the "VL%" and "VH% " are VTAB<br />
Low and VT AB High respectively. Line 49 sets the arrow strings<br />
LA$ and RA$, and the blanking or " un-arrow" string BK$_<br />
Line 50 takes us to Line 60 (jumping past the print<br />
subroutines). Lines 61 to 65 display the menu on the screen,<br />
and Line 70 sets the arrows. Line 72 was put in here just <strong>for</strong> the<br />
demo.<br />
Oh oh, Line 72 is a POKE statement; this is getting too<br />
complicated. Well, not really. What POKE -16368,0 does is to<br />
clear the keyboard, readying it <strong>for</strong> the next keypress. Now that<br />
we've reset it, let's see if a key was pressed. Line 73 PEEKs at<br />
the place in the computer's memory where a keypress shows<br />
up. As long as the value is less than 128, no key has been<br />
pressed, and Line 73 is a continuing loop, waiting, waiting,<br />
waiting ...<br />
But press a key, and the value jumps to more than 128. <strong>The</strong><br />
value, by the way, corresponds to the ASCII code value of the<br />
character plus 128. If you press «RETURN», the ASCII value is<br />
141 ( 13 plus 128), causing Line 7 4 to send us to Line 91 , and<br />
off to the races.<br />
If it's the right arrow key, Line 76 reads the value 149 and<br />
sends us to Lines 82 - 83. With only one valid value left, that of<br />
136 <strong>for</strong> the left arrow, we now tell Line 77 to send everything<br />
else back to Line 72, resetting the keyboard and waiting <strong>for</strong><br />
another try. <strong>The</strong> left arrow drops through to Lines 79 - 81.<br />
<strong>The</strong> mechanism to move the arrows and highlights works<br />
this way. We first VT AB to the current value ofV%, and blank out<br />
the arrows using Subroutine 55. <strong>The</strong>n we adjust the value ofV%<br />
(minus 2 to go up two screen lines if a left arrow; plus 2 to go<br />
down two screen lines if a right arrow). We also adjust M% by<br />
one in the appropriate direction. M% is the integer variable<br />
controlling which menu item receives the arrows and inverse<br />
highlighting. M% will also operate the ON .. . GOTO in Line 87<br />
after «RETURN•> is pressed.<br />
Next, we must check to see if we're already at the b.ottom or<br />
the top, and need to wrap around. Lines 80 or83 do that <strong>The</strong>n,<br />
Line 86 with Subroutine 52 prints the arrows and highlighted<br />
menu line. Line 90 resets the loop after an arrow key is pressed<br />
and the display adjusted.<br />
<strong>The</strong> arrow menu is the most foolprpof menu <strong>for</strong> the user, but<br />
it is more complicated and uses more program memory<br />
space. That's always the case: you endure increased complexity<br />
in any program to gain increased user-friendliness and<br />
bombproofing. It is neither secret nor accident the1t the<br />
programming trend is in the direction of more complex<br />
programs making things easier <strong>for</strong>. the user.<br />
A variation of the arrow menu involves addition of letters or<br />
numbers, allowing the user either to press a single letter or<br />
number, or to move the arrows and press «RETURN» .<br />
IF ... THEN statements in new lines inserted between 73 and<br />
77 could take care of this additional feature. Again, more<br />
features mean more complexity.<br />
Pascal Cafeteria and Command Line<br />
Listing 4, CAFEDEMO, is a cafeteria menu demonstration<br />
listing in Pascal. Listing 5, COMMDEMO, shows the command<br />
line menu method. Both of these do the same things as their<br />
BASIC counterparts. <strong>The</strong> declarations and GETCHAR function<br />
are identical. If the constant values <strong>for</strong> HOME, EOL and<br />
EOS look strange, it's because these were done with <strong>Apple</strong> ///<br />
Pascal. For the <strong>Apple</strong> II, the comparable normal values are<br />
HOME= 12; EOL = 29; EOS = 11 .<br />
In both the cafeteria and command line examples, the CASE<br />
statement is used, making up the bulk of the Main Program<br />
section. Procedures <strong>for</strong> the functions are only inaicated in this<br />
example. <strong>The</strong> Me1in Program is REPEATed UNTIL the command<br />
to Quit is given.<br />
Pascal Arrow Menu<br />
A complete Arrow Menu program section in Pascal is shown<br />
in Listing 6. Here the Main Program is even shorter, being little<br />
more than a way to get to the MENU procedure until you quit<br />
April 1983 57
We assume that Function GETCHAR and Procedure SPA CON<br />
are somewhere in the program <strong>for</strong> universal use. GETCHAR is<br />
a bit different, to show another wrinkle; the KEYPRESS<br />
function from APPLESTUFF is used to keep the cursor dark on<br />
the screen. (Thanks to Steve Lloyd <strong>for</strong> providing that idea.)<br />
Within Procedure MENU, local variables are declared. Within<br />
MENU, Procedure WHICHWA Y processes the keypresses, and .<br />
Procedure MOVEARROWS does just that <strong>The</strong> results are the<br />
same as those obtained from the BASIC program in Listing 3.<br />
Sub-Menus<br />
Many programs have more than one menu, with a Main<br />
Menu augmented by sub-menus within the program function<br />
sections. In fact, we've seen programs with three or more<br />
"layers" of menus. All of these follow the same guidelines. A<br />
problem with layered or tiered menus is the tedium of stepping<br />
through this hierarchy; you should try to achieve a design that<br />
minimizes the number of different menus in a program.<br />
Another hint is to vary the appearance of different menus so<br />
that they are not confused. <strong>The</strong> cafeteria and command line<br />
menus are often mixed within the same program <strong>for</strong> that<br />
reason.<br />
Separate Programs<br />
Where an overall BASIC program is too large <strong>for</strong> effective<br />
use of memory, one approach is to use separate programs <strong>for</strong><br />
the different functions, and a Main Menu program to RUN the<br />
function programs. This Main Menu program can also be a<br />
HELLO program <strong>for</strong> a turnkey operation. <strong>The</strong> Main Menu acts<br />
as a dispatcher, switching programs in and out as they are<br />
called <strong>for</strong>. Thus, a menu selection of "1" in our cafeteria<br />
sample would trigger ON . . . GOTO to a line number reading:<br />
100 PRINI D$;'RUN SHOW RE.CORD'.<br />
At the conclusion of this program's activity, the line returning<br />
control to the main menu would read:<br />
199 PRINT D$;'RUN HELLO'<br />
and the Main Menu program (if that's what you named it) would<br />
load. This, of course, requires that the programs all be on the<br />
same disk, and accounts <strong>for</strong> the fact that tnuch commercial<br />
software is sold with separate Program and Data disks.<br />
Whether the Arrow menu or any other design survives your<br />
initial fascination is, of course, up to you. <strong>The</strong> main thing to<br />
remember is that every menu should be written <strong>for</strong> someone<br />
else to use, requiring as little recourse to outside documenta·<br />
tion as possible. (Now, where did I put that reference card ... ?)<br />
10 REM *************************<br />
11 REM * MENUS *<br />
12 REM * LISTING 1 *<br />
13 REM * CAFETERIA MENU *<br />
17 REM * APPLE ORCHARD *<br />
18 REM * PETER C. WEIGLIN *<br />
19 REM *************************<br />
20 D$ = CHR$ (13) + CHR$ (4):GG<br />
$ = CHR$ (7) + CHR$ (7)<br />
60 REM MENU<br />
61 TEXT : HOME<br />
62<br />
64<br />
VTAB 3: GOSUB 1010<br />
PRINT : PRINT "WHAT'S YOUR PL<br />
EASURE?: ": PRINT<br />
66 PRINT " 1. SHOW/CHANGE REC<br />
ORD": PRINT : PRINT " 2.<br />
LOAD/SAVE FILE": PRINT<br />
67 PRINT " 3. ADD/DELETE RECO<br />
RDS": PRINT : PRINT " 4.<br />
SORT TIIE FILE": PRINT<br />
68 PRINT " 5. PRINT OUT FILE"<br />
: PRINT : PRINT "<br />
ACTIVITY": PRINT<br />
6. END<br />
70 VTAB 21: HTAB 3: INVERSE : PRINT<br />
" ENTER NUMBER OF ACTIVITY:<br />
" ; : NORMAL : GET A$: PRINT<br />
72 A% = VAL (A$)<br />
74 IF A% ( 1 OR A% > 6 THEN . PRINT<br />
GG$: GOTO 70<br />
75<br />
76<br />
HOME<br />
ON A% GOTO 100,200,300,400,50<br />
0,600<br />
78 REM END MENU<br />
100 REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR SHOW<br />
/CHANGE RECORD<br />
150 PRINT "DISPLAY": FOR I = 1 TO<br />
1000: NEXT<br />
199<br />
200<br />
GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU<br />
REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR LOAD<br />
/SAVE FILE<br />
250 PRINT "LOAD/SAVE": FOR I = 1<br />
TO 1000: NEXT<br />
299<br />
300<br />
GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU<br />
REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR ADD/<br />
DELETE RECORD<br />
350 PRINT "ADD/DELETE": FOR I=<br />
1 TO 1000: NEXT<br />
399 GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU<br />
400 REM PROGRAM SEGMENT FOR SORT<br />
FILE PROCESS<br />
450 PRINT "SORT": FOR I 1 TO 1<br />
000: NEXT<br />
499<br />
500<br />
GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU<br />
REM PROGRAM SEGMENT TO PRINT<br />
OUT FILE<br />
550 PRINT "PRINT OUT": FOR I = 1<br />
TO 1000: NEXT<br />
599 GOTO 60: REM BACK TO MENU<br />
600 REM PROGRAM SEGMENT TO END<br />
ACTIVITY<br />
610 HOME : VTAB 12: PRINT "DO YO<br />
U WISH TO END ACTIVITY (Y/N)<br />
620<br />
? " ; : GET A$ : PRINT<br />
IF A$ < > "Y" GOTO 60: REM<br />
GO BACK<br />
630 HOME : VTAB 12: PRINT "'BYE;<br />
NICE WORKING WITH YOU.": END<br />
1000 HTAB (20 - ( LEN (Q$) / 2))<br />
: PRINT Q$: RETURN<br />
1010 Q$ = "HYPOTHETICAL FILE" : GOSUB<br />
1000 : PRINT : RETURN<br />
58 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
10 REM *************************<br />
11 REM * MENUS *<br />
12 REM* LISTING 2 *<br />
13 REM * COMMAND LINE *<br />
17 REM * APPLE ORCHARD *<br />
18 · REM* PETER C. WEIGLIN *<br />
19 REM *************************<br />
20 D$ = CHR$ (13) + CHR$ (4):GG<br />
$ = CHR$ (7) + CHR$ (7)<br />
60 REM COMMAND LINE MENU<br />
61<br />
62<br />
TEXT : HOME<br />
VTAB 1: PRINT "D(ISP L(D/SV A<br />
(DD/DEL S(ORT P(RNT Q(UIT": PRINT<br />
: CALL - 868: POKE 34,2<br />
66 GET A$: PRINT<br />
69 REM HERE'S THE APPLESOFT IMI<br />
TATION OF CASE STATEMENTS<br />
70 IF A$ = "D" THEN TEXT HOME<br />
: GOTO 100<br />
71 IF A$ = "L" THEN TEXT HOME<br />
: GOTO 200<br />
72 IF A$ = "A" THEN TEXT HOME<br />
: GOTO 300<br />
73 IF A$ = "S" THEN TEXT HOME<br />
74 : GOTO 400<br />
IF A$ = "P" THEN TEXT HOME<br />
GOTO SOO<br />
7S IF A$ = "Q" THEN TEXT HOME<br />
: GOTO 600<br />
80 PRINT GG$: GOTO 62: REM IF<br />
NONE OF THE ABOVE, SIGNAL AN<br />
D GO BACK<br />
82 REM END MENU<br />
10 REM *************************<br />
11 REM * MENUS *<br />
12 REM* LISTING 3 *<br />
13 REM * ARROW MENU *<br />
17 REM * APPLE ORCHARD *<br />
18 REM * PETER C. WEIGLIN *<br />
19 REM *************************<br />
20 D$ = CHR$ (13) + CHR$ (4):GG<br />
$ = CHR$ (7) + CHR$ (7)<br />
40 REM MENU ITEM STRINGS<br />
41 M$(1) " SHOW/CHANGE RECORD "<br />
42 M$(2) " LOAD/SAVE FILE "<br />
43 M$(3) " ADD/DELETE RECORDS "<br />
46 M$(6) = " END ACTIVITY "<br />
47 MH% = 6: REM NO OF MENU ITEMS<br />
48 VL% = 8:VH% = 6 + (MH% * 2): REM<br />
FIRST AND LAST MENU SCREEN<br />
VTAB LINES<br />
49 LA$ = "==)":RA$ = "
.· ) ;<br />
60 )<br />
(:,!) )<br />
.~. (> )<br />
6 0) j<br />
6 0 );<br />
Listing 4<br />
F'ROGF(AM CAFEDEMOl<br />
CON:3T<br />
ESC = 27;<br />
HOME = 2:3;<br />
EOL = 3 1;<br />
Et)S = 29;<br />
BELL = 7;<br />
Es ca.Pe<br />
Home }<br />
End of Lin0<br />
Er1d of Scr·eer1<br />
Bel 1 J<br />
TYPE<br />
SETOFCHAR SET OF CHAR;<br />
VAR<br />
N : INTEGER;<br />
CH, SELECT : CHAR;<br />
DATAFILE : TEXT;<br />
PROCEDURE PRINTHEADER;<br />
BEGIN<br />
WR ITELN ( CHR (HOME l .) ;<br />
GOTOXY < 19,2);<br />
WRITELN ( ... - - ------------------------------------- ... l;<br />
WRITELN < ··· :<br />
WRITELN < ·· : CAFETERIA MENU <br />
WR I TELN < ... : ----------------------------------------<br />
END; C F'r·intheade r· )<br />
FUNCTION GETCHAR ;<br />
SETOFCHAR >: CHAR;<br />
IF EOLN THEN CH := CHR
)><br />
~<br />
;<br />
El\ID; ( Comml ine }<br />
FUNCTION GETCHAR IOKSET SETOFCHARI: CHAR;<br />
VAR CH CHAR;<br />
GOOD : BOOLEAN;<br />
BEGii'J<br />
REPEAT<br />
READ
en<br />
[\) PROCEDIJRI:: GEr:::AVE;<br />
)><br />
""CJ<br />
""CJ<br />
ro-<br />
0 ....,<br />
n<br />
:T<br />
Ql<br />
3.<br />
BECill~<br />
El~D; CGetsave)<br />
PRCCEDIJRE ADDDELE;<br />
BEGIN<br />
END; UlddDe I ei<br />
PROCE~JRE SORTFILE;<br />
BEGIN<br />
!::ND; rnor-tfi lE·)<br />
PROCEDURE PRINTFILE;<br />
BECiIN<br />
END; lPr-intfile)<br />
PROCEDURE MENU;<br />
VAF'<br />
RARROW, LARROW, BLANUUE : STRI NG;<br />
MENNUM, TOP; BOTTOM : INTEGER;<br />
NEt-J, OLD : I IH LGER;<br />
MENUITEM: ARRAY [1 .. 6J OF STR INGC 20J;<br />
MUVE : CHAR;<br />
PHOCEDURE f•l1JVE::Ar~HOt,.JS;<br />
BECiII~<br />
GOfOXYClO, NEWJ; WRITE (LARROW>; GUTUX Y (35, NEWl; WRITE CRARROWJ;<br />
GOTO XYC lO,OLDJ; WRITE CBLAN~JEJ; GOTOXY 135,0LDI; WRITE CBLANQUEJ;<br />
Ll'l!D; ( 11ove"a.r·r· ows<br />
PFWCEDURE~ vJH I CHW~ Y;<br />
BEGIN<br />
130TCHA : = FAL::::r:: ;<br />
WHILE CNOT GOTC~Al DO<br />
BFGil'J<br />
DCnOXY (5/,2i) ;<br />
MOVE := GETCHAR CEC~RCL~J. CHRCDOWNJ, CHRCOUTIJJ;<br />
IF MOVE = CHRC~~) THEN<br />
IF NEW = TOP THEN<br />
BEGIN<br />
OLD : = NEt-J;<br />
NEvJ : = 80T"f0i1;<br />
E: l~D<br />
r::L::::E<br />
BEGIN<br />
OLD :=NEW; NEW := CNEW - 21;<br />
END<br />
EU::E IF MOVE. = CHR C DOl.JN I THEI'<br />
IF NEW= 801TOM THEN<br />
BEGII~<br />
OLD : = NEl-J;<br />
NEvJ : = TOP;<br />
END<br />
EL::::E<br />
BEGIN<br />
OLD : = NEl-J;<br />
NEW ·- CMEVJ + 21;<br />
END;<br />
i10VEl'\HROl·V::;<br />
IF MOVE= CHRCOUTJ THEN GOTC~A : = TRUE;<br />
END; C Whi 12 l<br />
SELECT : = ( t'El.J ·- ::':I DIV 2;<br />
END; ( vJhichW·3.Y )<br />
BEGIN CMenu)<br />
MENNUM := 6;<br />
MENU ITEM[ 1 J • =<br />
MENU I TEMC2J : =<br />
MENU ITEM [ 3 ) : =<br />
MENUITEME4J :=<br />
MENUITEMl5J : =<br />
MENU ITEM[ ~.J : =<br />
LAF,Rm·J : =<br />
DI SPLAY FILE<br />
GET/SAVE FILE<br />
C~ANGE RECORD<br />
SORT FILES<br />
F IND RECORD •<br />
EX iT PROGRAM ' ·<br />
RARROW : = ''== ' ; BLAN~JE · -<br />
TOP := 10; NEW := 10;<br />
BOTTOM : = C TOP-2 > + C :2 * MENl~UM I ;<br />
vJR I TE I CHR (HOME I > ;<br />
PRINTHE.ADER;<br />
GOTOXY < iO, 8); WRITE < ·· l..Jhat ···.··s ··{o ur· plea.sur·e ·:-···· );<br />
CiOTOXY 115,TOPI; WRITE CMENUITEME1JJ;<br />
GOTOXY 115. (TOP+ 2JJ; WRITE
Internationally-acclainied<br />
<strong>The</strong> ultilnate in copy de-protection<br />
CRACK-SHOT is a total system comprised of hardware and software<br />
modules. CRACK-SHOT is easy to use, designed <strong>for</strong> users and<br />
progranuners. Eliminates ••owners paranoia'' about disk failure.<br />
Provfdes quick, easy, reliable archival backups <strong>for</strong> critical software<br />
with a Dip of a switch. Allows transferal of software to hard disk.<br />
Be an Arcade King. yse CRAC"·SHOT<br />
as a gaming tool<br />
. to stop, start and save a game at any level.
Format Il was tested <strong>for</strong> six<br />
months in the demanding<br />
arena of Wall Street. Distriliuted<br />
by local dealers<br />
to law firms, financial<br />
institutions, and<br />
the like, Format Il was<br />
used by secretaries and<br />
non-technical personnel. Overwhelmingly,<br />
Format Il was recognized as one of the easiest<br />
and most effective word processing systems<br />
available in any <strong>for</strong>m.<br />
Here's why Format Il is unique among word<br />
processing programs:<br />
What you see is what you get. Format Il<br />
per<strong>for</strong>ms virtually any editing and <strong>for</strong>matting function<br />
you can imagine and displays on the screen<br />
the text exactly as it will print out-paragraphs,<br />
underlining, justification, page breaks.<br />
Simple to Use. You edit and <strong>for</strong>mat text with<br />
single key strokes. "D" <strong>for</strong> delet.e,/ E" <strong>for</strong> edit, '.T' <strong>for</strong><br />
insert, "J" <strong>for</strong> justify, etc. Easy-to-remember com-<br />
, mands because they make sense.<br />
It supports all<br />
printers compatible<br />
with the <strong>Apple</strong>.<br />
Shadow printing, boldfacing,<br />
proportional<br />
spacing, sub- and superscripting<br />
are all available.<br />
Includes a sophisticated<br />
Mailing List. Stores and re<br />
. trieves names and addresses<br />
which . may be printed on labels or incorporated<br />
into doC:uments. Powerful "logic" commands allow<br />
you to select only those records which match<br />
specified criteria.<br />
And more. Format Il is lightning fast and<br />
menu driven. Add them all together and it's clear<br />
why Format Il has generated such enthusiasm.<br />
Now, at a cost of $250, you too can buy the best.<br />
Format Il is available from most local dealers.<br />
If not, ask them to .contact us, .or orqer directly and<br />
. receive a 30 day money~backguarantee :<br />
Kensington Microware Ltd., 919 Third Ave.<br />
New York, NY 10022, (212) 486-7707<br />
IP'Alt KENSINGTON<br />
I~ MICROWARE<br />
System Requirements: 48K <strong>Apple</strong>® II Plus with 80 column card.
F'Or Line Surge Suppression<br />
<strong>The</strong> SYSTEM SAVER provides essential<br />
protection to hardware and<br />
data from dangerous power surges<br />
and spikes.<br />
SYSTEM SAVER _J 'I<br />
APPLE II<br />
130<br />
-I-cf---'~ Volts<br />
RMS<br />
T<br />
By connecting the <strong>Apple</strong> II<br />
power input through the SYSTEM<br />
SAVER, power is controlled in two<br />
ways: 1) Dangerous voltage spikes<br />
are clipped off at a safe 130 Volts<br />
RMS/175 Volts de level. 2) High frequency<br />
noise is smoothed out be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
reaching the <strong>Apple</strong> II. A PI type<br />
filter attenuates common mode<br />
noise signals by a minimum of<br />
30 dB from 600 khz to 20 mhz, with<br />
a maximum attenuation of 50 dB.<br />
For Cooling<br />
As soon as you move to 64K RAM<br />
or 80 columns on your <strong>Apple</strong> II you<br />
need SYSTEM SAVER.<br />
Today's advanced peripheral<br />
cards generate more heat. In addition,<br />
the cards block any natural air<br />
flow through the <strong>Apple</strong> II creating<br />
high temperatµre conditions that<br />
substantially reduce the life of the<br />
cards and the computer itself.<br />
SYSTEM SAVER provides correct<br />
cooling. An efficient, quiet fan<br />
draws fresh air across the mother<br />
board, over the power supply and<br />
out the side ventilation slots.<br />
For Operating . Efficiency<br />
SYSTEM SAVER contains . .<br />
<strong>The</strong> heavy duty switch has a<br />
pilot light to alert when system is<br />
9n.You'll never use the <strong>Apple</strong> power<br />
switch again! ·<br />
Easy Installation<br />
Just clips on.<br />
No mounting or<br />
hardware required.<br />
Color matched<br />
to <strong>Apple</strong> II.<br />
~@LISTED l<br />
PATENT PENDING<br />
Compatible with <strong>Apple</strong> Stand<br />
SuggestedRetail saggs<br />
One Year Warranty .<br />
Kensington Microware Ltd.<br />
919 Third Avenue<br />
New York, NY 10022<br />
(212) 486-7707<br />
WAtl KENSINGTON<br />
I~ MICROWARE
From the IAC Office. • •<br />
Ken Silverman, Executive Director<br />
<strong>The</strong> IAC has received many calls trying to find a " local"<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> dealer handling the "<strong>Apple</strong> Tech Notes". It seems many<br />
dealers haven't stocked them and don't intend to do so. As the<br />
IAC wishes to get the most in<strong>for</strong>mation out to the maximum<br />
number of users, we are now making "<strong>Apple</strong> Tech Notes"<br />
available directly to you, the end user. (See ad in this issue).<br />
As an update to what the !AC has sent in software to member<br />
clubs, the February mailing included a data base written in<br />
Pascal. It was donated by A.U.G.E (APPLE USER GROUP<br />
EUROPE). <strong>The</strong> program was designed to enable clubs to help<br />
individual members find other members living nearby who<br />
have the same interests. Both the program and the source files<br />
were sent so that an individual or club might modify it <strong>for</strong> their<br />
use.<br />
<strong>The</strong> !AC also sent an " <strong>Apple</strong> Bulletin Board System"<br />
donated by the Washington <strong>Apple</strong> Pi. This will enable our user<br />
groups to set up an electronic communication system via the<br />
phone lines.<br />
In the very near future, the lAC will be releasing its first<br />
Educational disk If there is some area of interest your club<br />
would like to see in a special disk, let us know and we will see ifit<br />
can be put together. Remember all this software is supplied to<br />
our member user groups at no cost to them. Check with your<br />
club to see if you can obtain a copy.<br />
Available from the /AC:<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> I I I Software<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>-CON (verter) Voll No. 1<br />
from <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc.<br />
Vol2 No. 1<br />
Converts <strong>Apple</strong>soft programs to<br />
Vol2 No.2<br />
Business BASIC •.••••••••• $ 10.00<br />
Vol2 No.4<br />
DOS to SOS Converter . .. 10.00<br />
Vol3 No. 1<br />
File Cabinet I I I .......... 10.00<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> ] { Software<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Orchard Back Issues<br />
Vol3 No.2<br />
Vol3 No.3<br />
Vol3 No. 4<br />
PascalAttach-BIOS disk ... 8.00 Vol3 No.4<br />
Hi-Res Games ( 9 on disk) ... 8.00 Vol3 No. 5<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>soft Tutorial ........ 8.00 Vol4 No. 1<br />
Educational Disk ......... 8.00 Vol4 No.2<br />
Cali<strong>for</strong>nia residents add 6~ % sales tax.<br />
$2.00<br />
2.00<br />
2.00<br />
2.00<br />
2.50<br />
2.50<br />
2.50<br />
2.50<br />
2.50<br />
............ 2.50<br />
2.50<br />
............ 2.50<br />
66 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
International <strong>Apple</strong> Core<br />
908 George Street<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050
INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE<br />
SPONSORING MEMBERS<br />
IAC Sponsors are a special breed.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y are the organizations who<br />
contribute to and support many IAC<br />
activities. In addition, they provide us<br />
application notes concerning their<br />
products - notes that show new and<br />
different ways to utilize the sponsors'<br />
products with modifications <strong>for</strong><br />
special purposes. When you consider<br />
a software or product purchase,<br />
give our sponsors special consideration;<br />
they have shown that they care<br />
about their customers.<br />
Advanced Operating Systems<br />
450 St John Rd. Suite 792<br />
Michigan City, IN 46360<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc.<br />
10260 Bandley Dr.<br />
Cupertino, CA 95014<br />
Coivus Systems, Inc.<br />
2009 O'Toole Ave.<br />
San Jose, CA 95131<br />
East Side Software Co.<br />
344 E. 63rd Street<br />
Suite 14A<br />
New York, NY 10021<br />
AVS Electronics PTE Ltd.<br />
Block 9, 11-A First Floor<br />
Kallang Place<br />
Kallang Basin Ind. Est<br />
Singapore 1233<br />
Hayes Microcomputer<br />
5835 Peachtree Corners<br />
Norcross, GA 30092<br />
Houston Instrument Division<br />
8500 Cameron Rd.<br />
Austin, TX 78753<br />
68 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
Interactive Structures<br />
P.O. Box 404<br />
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004<br />
Leading Edge Products<br />
225 Turnpike St<br />
Canton, MA 02021<br />
Legend Industries, LTD<br />
2220 Scott Lk Rd.<br />
Pontiac, Ml 48054<br />
M & R Enterprises<br />
910 George Street<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
Nestar Systems, Inc.<br />
2585 E. Bayshore Rd.<br />
Palo Alto, CA 94303<br />
Nibble-Micro-Spare, Inc.<br />
P.O. Box 325<br />
Lincoln, MA 01773<br />
Omega Microware<br />
222 S. Riverside Dr.<br />
Chicago, IL 60606<br />
Rana Systems<br />
20620 South Leapwood<br />
Carson, CA 907 46<br />
Source Telecomputing<br />
1616 Anderson Rd.<br />
McLean, VA 22102<br />
Steve Blackson Productions<br />
4613 Redwood Dr.<br />
Garland, TX 75043<br />
SVA, Inc.<br />
11722·D Sorrento Valley Rd.<br />
San Diego, CA 92121<br />
Syntauri, Ltd.<br />
3506 Waverly St<br />
Palo Alto, CA 94306<br />
Telecom Terminal Systems<br />
3903 Grandview Blvd.<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90066<br />
Verbatim Corporation<br />
323 Soquel Way<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94086<br />
Xerox Retail Division<br />
7700 Edgewater Dr.<br />
Suite 360<br />
Oakland, CA 94621
NEW PRODUCTS FOR THE APPLE<br />
Edited by<br />
Mark L. Crosby<br />
Producers of products <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> line<br />
of computers should send news releases<br />
two months in advance to:<br />
NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
908 George St.<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
<strong>The</strong> IAC cannot be held responsible <strong>for</strong><br />
claims made by manufacturers.<br />
Contents:<br />
HARDWARE<br />
Input/ Output<br />
Memory<br />
Printers/ Plotters<br />
Miscellaneous<br />
SOFTWARE<br />
Business (General)<br />
Communications<br />
Educational<br />
Financial<br />
Games/ Simulations<br />
Graphics<br />
Languages (Programming)<br />
Personal<br />
Utilities<br />
Word Processing<br />
BOOKS/CATALOGS<br />
MISCELLANEOUS<br />
HARDWARE<br />
Input/ Output<br />
<strong>The</strong> Fly Board is an interfacing board that is<br />
specifically designed <strong>for</strong> the hobbyist who<br />
wants to get into hardware. 16 digital 1/0<br />
lines allow control of practically any project.<br />
Create a home weather station, automate<br />
laboratory processes, control model trains,<br />
use it <strong>for</strong> security or surveillance, or robot,<br />
printer, modem or keyboard control. <strong>The</strong><br />
Fly Board comes with 2K of RAM <strong>for</strong> your<br />
programs. It will accept PR# commands<br />
and may be replaced with an EPROM <strong>for</strong><br />
permanent storage. Includes two 36-inch<br />
DIP jumper cables, a User's. Manual (with<br />
many examples), a Summary Card and a<br />
128 page Engineer's Notebook - $130.<br />
Snave Systems -----<br />
P. 0. Box 957<br />
Niles, IL 60648<br />
(312) 966-4505<br />
<strong>The</strong> AP-96 Upper/lower case ROM features<br />
a full 96 character ASCII set with true<br />
descenders. <strong>The</strong> AP-96 plugs in with no<br />
modifications to the <strong>Apple</strong> and is compatible<br />
with most word processing systems.<br />
For REV 7 or later <strong>Apple</strong> computers only.<br />
Lifetime warranty. $24.50 at your local<br />
computer store.<br />
MPC Peripherals Corporation<br />
9424 Chesapeake Drive<br />
San Diego, CA 92123<br />
(619) 278-0630<br />
This full function detachable keyboard<br />
uses firmware modules to optimize keyboard<br />
layout <strong>for</strong> any software package.<br />
Attaching easily to your <strong>Apple</strong> II, it will help<br />
you realize the full potential of the computer.<br />
Features 6 edit keys and 6 cursor control<br />
keys including up- and down-arrows, standard<br />
layout typewriter keyboard <strong>for</strong> typing<br />
efficiently, 10 key numeric pad, working<br />
shift key, 12 special function keys, preprogrammed<br />
to give you the most commonly<br />
used commands in each software<br />
package. It is detachable with a 6-foot<br />
coiled cord and is lightweight so you can<br />
use it on your lap. Firmware modules are<br />
available <strong>for</strong> all popular software packages,<br />
inluding BASIC, VisiCalc, <strong>Apple</strong>writer II,<br />
PFS, Word Handler, and many more. Installation<br />
requires no tools. Contact:<br />
Executive Peripheral Systems, Inc.<br />
800 San Antonio Road<br />
Palo Alto, CA 9430<br />
(415) 856-2822<br />
Four new joysticks are compatible with<br />
most microcomputers using special interfaces.<br />
Model 15-9714 offers a bat handle<br />
grip that fits com<strong>for</strong>tably in your hand and<br />
April 1983 69
offers smooth, quick 8-position movement<br />
Two fire buttons, one on the handle, the<br />
other on the base. Model 1 5-9730 is the<br />
same as you've used on most arcade<br />
model games. Provides 8·way directional<br />
action to give lightning quick response.<br />
Two fire buttons are provided - one on the<br />
handle and the other on the base. Model 15-<br />
9708 has a rugged, heavy duty base and<br />
four rubber grip pads that keep it from<br />
sliding. Each of the three models above<br />
require a Model 72-4525 <strong>Apple</strong> interface.<br />
Model 72-4521, <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong>, is a trackball<br />
type joystick Offers the magic of 360<br />
degree movement to an infinite number of<br />
positions, and controls the speed of objects<br />
on the screen, as well. With two fire buttons.<br />
At your local dealer or write to:<br />
WICO Corporation<br />
6400 W. Gross Point Road<br />
Niles, IL 60648<br />
(312) 647-7500<br />
Touchpen on-screen digitizer increases ease<br />
of computer access <strong>for</strong> graphics, program·<br />
ming and data entry. Provides on-screen,<br />
direct-to-screen bit pad emulation. It also<br />
features an on-screen keyboard bypass <strong>for</strong><br />
non-typists. Gives on-screen prompting<br />
and assistance, CAD graphics manipulation,<br />
menu selection, freehand drawing, animation,<br />
object manipulation, text editing, data<br />
base management (bypassing keyboard),<br />
object-oriented systems and software driven.<br />
Consists of three main components: a<br />
pointing stylus; an intelligent controller and<br />
a transparent, conductive mesh-filter panel<br />
that mounts directly over the surface of the<br />
CRT display. <strong>The</strong> controller card simply<br />
plugs into a slot in the <strong>Apple</strong> II. A driver<br />
supplied emulates <strong>Apple</strong> Tablet Includes a<br />
diskette with low and high level driver,<br />
calibration programs and diagnostics. Specify<br />
12" or 13" diagonal monitor.<br />
Sun-Flex Company Inc.<br />
20 Pimentel Court<br />
Novato, CA 9494 7<br />
(415) 883-1221<br />
<strong>The</strong> Smartbuffer will let you mail every<br />
letter the day it is typed, print General<br />
Ledgers, monthly reports, and 20 page<br />
manuscripts while leaving the computer<br />
free <strong>for</strong> other projects. It "talks" to the<br />
computer at about 10,000 words per minute,<br />
then plays this back to the printer at the<br />
printer's speed. A parallel to parallel connection<br />
with 16K is $335.00, serial to serial<br />
is $379 and parallel/ serial is $429. 32K<br />
memory option - $59, 64K - $177, 128K -<br />
$413. Connect any computer with any<br />
printer. Other models and options will let<br />
you cross-connect two or more computers<br />
and printers, convert ASCII to EBCDIC, and<br />
interface to communication networks.<br />
Data-Match Corp.<br />
3810 Oakcliff Industrial Court<br />
Atlanta, GA 30340<br />
( 404) 441 -0308<br />
<strong>The</strong> Symtec Light Pen reads coordinates<br />
over the entire screen. Touch-tip or push tip<br />
models available. Uses range from videodisc<br />
and computer training to simplemenu<br />
selection and computer games. <strong>Apple</strong> pen<br />
works with Stoneware, lnc.'s new graphics<br />
processing system and <strong>Apple</strong> Super Pilot -<br />
$250.<br />
Symtec<br />
15933 West 8 Mile<br />
Detroit, Ml 48235<br />
(313) 272-2950<br />
Megaflex is a universal flexible disk controller<br />
designed specifically <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II and<br />
111 computers. <strong>The</strong> Megaflex offers "trimode"<br />
operation, allowing users to connect<br />
it with standard 8-inch maxi drives, 5<br />
1/4·inch drives or the new 3-inch micro<br />
drives. Fully compatible with <strong>Apple</strong> SOS,<br />
DOS 3.3, Pascal and CPIM. Because all<br />
diskettes utilize the standard IBM 37401<br />
System 34 type <strong>for</strong>mat, diskettes are transportable<br />
from the <strong>Apple</strong> to other computer<br />
systems. Permits up to 4 drives installed per<br />
controller, <strong>for</strong> a maximum of 4 megabytes<br />
of on-line data storage. Uses half the power<br />
of a standard <strong>Apple</strong> mini-disk drive and<br />
controller.<br />
SVA<br />
11 722 Sorrento Valley Road<br />
San Diego, CA 92121<br />
(619) 452-0101<br />
<strong>The</strong> Stedi-Data guards against externally<br />
induced on-line noise and transients. Protection<br />
begins near the computer, and<br />
where long data transmission lines are<br />
employed. Both computer and terminal<br />
ends need protection. Nearly all modems<br />
are dependent on this protection <strong>for</strong> error<br />
free data transmission. Two models are<br />
available at $149.50 (protects lines 2, 3, 4,<br />
7) and $249.50 (protects lines 2 through 8<br />
and 20)<br />
National Field Sales, Inc.<br />
P. 0. Box 230<br />
Broomall, PA 19008<br />
(800) 345-1280 or (215) 352-9214<br />
Advanced Logic Systems has introduced<br />
three new video interface cards <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> II<br />
and II Plus microcomputers. T he Smarterm<br />
II interface card provides <strong>Apple</strong> II users<br />
with automatic keystroke selection of an<br />
80-column screen display or the 40-column<br />
display of the standard <strong>Apple</strong> II. Provides<br />
user selection of inverse and normal or<br />
highlight and lowlight text, replaceable<br />
character sets <strong>for</strong> <strong>for</strong>eign languages, special<br />
characters or custom graphics, a 25th<br />
line <strong>for</strong> status update or use by WordStar<br />
word processing program. Compatible with<br />
DOS 3.3, <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal, CPI M-86 and CPI M<br />
Plus -$ 179.00. <strong>The</strong> Dirt Cheap Video interface<br />
card connects an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus to a<br />
TV set with an RF modulator or monitor,<br />
and provides a 64-column display in addition<br />
to the standard 40-column display. It<br />
has many of the same features as the<br />
Smarterm II - $89.00. <strong>The</strong> Color II interface<br />
card connects your <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus to high<br />
or medium resolution RGB color monitors.<br />
It provides the highest quality color hues<br />
available on an RGB monitor. Cables are<br />
available <strong>for</strong> most RGB monitors including<br />
Amdek, Electro home and Zenith - $1 79.00.<br />
Advanced Logic Systems<br />
11995 East A rques Avenue<br />
Synnyvale, CA 94086<br />
(408) 730-0306<br />
<strong>The</strong> Super-MX card provides the Epson<br />
printers with just about the same quality<br />
print as the daisy-wheels. Roman font is the<br />
standard; now you can print Elite, Letter<br />
Gothic, Orator, Script and Olde English.<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Hi-Res graphics is fully supported<br />
with a wide variety of commands including<br />
double dumps (side-by-side) of both hi-res<br />
pages, double size, emphasized, rotated,<br />
strip chart recorder mode and text screen<br />
dump. <strong>The</strong> two expansion sockets allow<br />
EPROM expansion to 12K to insure you<br />
that the card will remain the most intelligent<br />
interface around. An Epson MX-80 needs<br />
Graftrax or Graftrax-Plus. An MX-100 requires<br />
Graftrax-Plus. 90 day warranty. Super-MX<br />
card with cable - $175.00, Orator<br />
and Letter Gothic Fonts - $30.00, Script and<br />
Olde English - $30.<br />
Spies Laboratories<br />
P. 0. Box 336<br />
Lawndale, CA 90260<br />
(213) 644-0056<br />
Lower Case System is a hardware and<br />
software package that works with standard<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus. Most programs that are<br />
compatible with DOS 3.3 can now work in<br />
upper and lower case. Fully illustrated<br />
installation instructions are included. Features<br />
normal and inverse modes. Character<br />
set is identical to original <strong>Apple</strong> set, and all<br />
characters are on the same baseline. Compatible<br />
with several popular 80-column<br />
boards. Software binds itself into 48K DOS<br />
3.3 or Corvus 48K DOS 3.3. Also features<br />
user-defined function keys and 70 built-in<br />
functions, keyboard macros. Works with<br />
DOS Toolkit editor-assembler - $59.95.<br />
Practical Interfaces<br />
6794 Shawnee Run Road<br />
Madeira, OH 45243<br />
(513) 721-8743<br />
70 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
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Microvox is a second generation text-to·<br />
speech synthesizer. <strong>The</strong> unit provides a<br />
high level of speech intelligibility and voice<br />
quality. Features Phoneme-based speech<br />
synthesizer chip, 64 crystal controlled in·<br />
flection levels, text·to·phoneme algorithm,<br />
750 character buffer (optionally expanda·<br />
ble to 1. 7K characters), full ASCII character<br />
set recognition, adjustable data transmis·<br />
sion rate (75·9600 baud), RS·232C or<br />
parallel connector, X·on/ X·off handshak·<br />
ing, phon~me access modes, music,,and ·<br />
sound effects capability (programming Ian·<br />
guage <strong>for</strong> notes included), on board ampli· ·<br />
fier and power supply, and spelling output<br />
option · $295.00.<br />
Micromint, Inc.<br />
917 Midway Woodmere, New York 11598<br />
(516) 374-6793<br />
Characters are clean and crisp as are<br />
graphics and other images. Burned-in <strong>for</strong> a<br />
full 100 hours and completely reinspected<br />
prior to shipment - $399.<br />
USI <strong>Computer</strong> Products<br />
71 Park Lane<br />
Brisbane, CA 94003<br />
(415) 468-4900<br />
<strong>The</strong> U&20T Cartridge Tape Back-up unit<br />
will store up to 18 megabytes (<strong>for</strong>matted)<br />
on a single industry-standard streaming<br />
tape cartridge. On-board software lets the<br />
user choose full or partial disk back-up or<br />
restoration. All present users of Davong<br />
disks can add the back-up unit to their<br />
systems - $1.995.00.<br />
Davong Systems, Inc.<br />
610 Palomar Avenue<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94086<br />
(408) 773-8370<br />
For CAD/ CAM and graphics systems users,<br />
the OptoMouse provides quick, ef<strong>for</strong>tless<br />
cursor positioning capabilities unmatched<br />
by joysticks, light pens and other traditional<br />
cursor manipulation devices. It is a small<br />
box (about the size of a pack of playing<br />
cards) that rolls on the X and Y axes on a flat<br />
surface, communicating its movement to<br />
the computer and interface by a tail-like<br />
cord. OptoMouse provides superior resolu·<br />
tion to other cursor devices. Utilizes a<br />
custom optical system in lieu of electro·<br />
mechanical parts. Controlled by its own<br />
microprocessor, it can emulate existing<br />
graphics protocols such as Tektronix Plot<br />
10 and Summagraphics bit pad, and the<br />
required host interface is reduced to a<br />
simple RS·232C serial port For more in·<br />
<strong>for</strong>mation contact:<br />
USI International<br />
71 Park Lane<br />
Brisbane, CA 94005<br />
(415) 468-4900<br />
Kolor II provides an interface between the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II computer and video inputs such as<br />
recorders, cameras and live broadcasts.<br />
Utilizing the Tl TMS 9918 A video display<br />
processor, the Kol or II can display 16 colors<br />
with a resolution of 256 x 192 pixels that<br />
may be mixed with an external video input<br />
It has four display modes: Graphics I,<br />
Graphics II, ulticolor and text mode. In<br />
addition, 32 Sprite planes are available <strong>for</strong><br />
3D simulation. All refresh and sync signals<br />
are produced by the board <strong>for</strong> composite<br />
video output <strong>for</strong> a video monitor, video tape<br />
recorder or standard television set utilizing<br />
an RF modulator. Plugs into any 1/0 slot of<br />
the <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus. Requires no external<br />
power.<br />
Synetix Industries, Inc.<br />
15050 N.E. 95th<br />
Redmond, WA 98052<br />
(800) 426-7412 or (206) 885-4215 (WA)<br />
RS-232 compatibility allows <strong>The</strong> Genius<br />
full-page display, with all standard Genius<br />
features, to interface with an <strong>Apple</strong> or any<br />
computer with a standard RS-232 port<br />
including most of the popular personal<br />
computers on the market today. <strong>The</strong> fullpage<br />
display, 57 lines by 80 characters,<br />
greatly enhances the ability of the operator<br />
to per<strong>for</strong>m word processing, financial modeling<br />
and software development tasks.<br />
Available with white, green, or amber phosphors,<br />
it provides reverse video and flashing<br />
attributes. Internal memory of 16 K<br />
provides buffering and an internal screen<br />
memory. Operates at 120 volts, 60 Hz, or<br />
220, 50 Hz. $1 , 795.00.<br />
Micro Display Systems, Inc.<br />
P. 0. Box455<br />
Hastings, MN 55033<br />
(612) 437-2233<br />
A 14-inch composite video c;olor.monitor<br />
has joined the USI International line. Elim·<br />
inates the two-step process of converting<br />
the computer's video signal to a <strong>for</strong>m that a<br />
television can receive, and the subsequent<br />
conversion within the television set back to<br />
a pure video signal. Bright image presenta·<br />
tion with low distortion is ensured through<br />
the use of high-per<strong>for</strong>mance components.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Davong U5XXM Hard Disk Subsystem<br />
comes in both Master and Slave<br />
configurations <strong>for</strong> simple expansion of up<br />
to 60 Mbytes total online system storage.<br />
<strong>The</strong> subsystem acts as the controller <strong>for</strong> an<br />
additional slave disk or Davong tape.or disk<br />
cartridge back-up· device. With the Field<br />
Modification Kit, the Master Drive can control<br />
up to three slave or cartridge drives plus<br />
one tape backup unit <strong>The</strong> suggested retail<br />
price of the DSI Master Hard Disk Subsystem<br />
is $1 ,995.00 (5MB), $2,495.00 ( 10<br />
MB), or $2,995 (15 MB). <strong>The</strong> DSI Slave<br />
Hard Disk Subsystem is $1,495.00 (5 MB),<br />
$1 ,995.00 (10 MB), or $2,495.00 (15 MB).<br />
72 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
Imagine never having to type "CATALOG",<br />
or trying to remember how to get from one<br />
part of a program to another. <strong>The</strong> Intelli·<br />
gent Keyboard System can create strings,<br />
characters, corriinands, and statements<br />
and store them <strong>for</strong> immediate recall by<br />
pressing just one key. <strong>The</strong> VSC-IKI interface<br />
board is an intelligent keyboard processor<br />
that will spoil you. Simply plugs into a free<br />
slot in the <strong>Apple</strong> II· $199.00.<br />
VSC Technologies Inc.<br />
1350 Grand Avenue<br />
Baldwin, NY 11510<br />
(516) 546-6081<br />
Magnum·BO is an 80 column video card<br />
which is completely Videx compatible, has<br />
low "snow" level, and is available with an<br />
alternate character set built in. Features a<br />
40180 column soft switch to permit auto·<br />
start switching between the two modes. Self<br />
test is included in the on-board firmware,<br />
and installation requires no wiring or chip<br />
pulling at all. <strong>The</strong> Rainbow-256 turns the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus intci a256 color RGB driver<br />
<strong>for</strong> analogue RGB monitors, versus the<br />
conventional 16 color composite video<br />
output Interfacing <strong>for</strong> various RGB monitors<br />
is available, although the most popular<br />
at the moment are the Amdek and Electro·<br />
home. For complete in<strong>for</strong>mation contact<br />
Microtek, Inc.<br />
9514 Chesapeake Drive<br />
San Diego, CA 92123<br />
(800) 854-1081 or (619) 569-0900 (CA)<br />
Santa Clara Systems, Inc. offers a full range<br />
of Winchester storage capacities from 5-<br />
120 Megabytes on 5.25, 8, or 10.5 inch disk<br />
drives, plus removable 8 inch and brandnew<br />
3.9 inch Winchester cartridges or highdensity<br />
floppy backup. All this is fully integrated<br />
in a compact, attractive cabinet<br />
Completely software compatible with your<br />
microcomputer, ahd transparent to most<br />
popular operating systems. Provides sharedisk<br />
networking capabilitiy <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> computers<br />
-even <strong>for</strong> a mix. Features 16 Megabyte<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> DOS volume sizes, disk partitioning,<br />
electronic disk; printer spooling; LED cylinder<br />
address display; status display; EC. C.,<br />
and more. Standard 90 day warranty. Op·<br />
tional extended warranty <strong>for</strong> up to three<br />
years.<br />
Santa Clara Systems, Inc.<br />
560 Division Street<br />
Campbell, CA 95008<br />
(408) 374-6972<br />
ihe "Toaster" is a hard disk subsystem<br />
with a twist It contains two 3.9 inch, 5<br />
megabyte hard disk cartridges that are<br />
removable. Provides unlimited storage and<br />
convenient back-up with a full 5 megabytes<br />
per cartridge. Attaches to the <strong>Apple</strong> II and<br />
111 and other popular single-board computers.<br />
Includes two cartridges · $2,795.00.<br />
XComp<br />
7566 Trade Street<br />
San Diego, CA 92121<br />
(619) 271-8730<br />
MicroSpooler is especially designed and<br />
engineered <strong>for</strong> those who need cost-effective<br />
solutions to their spooler requirements<br />
without sacrificing quality and sophistica·<br />
tion. Features include: 16K memory expandable<br />
to 64K, multiple copy function, status<br />
readout, pause function, self-test routine,<br />
internal power supply, vertical mount saves<br />
desk space. 30-day money back guarantee.<br />
Four models fit any combination of parallel<br />
or serial I/ 0. $199 <strong>for</strong> 16K parallel to<br />
parallel unit with an internal power supply.<br />
Consolink Corp.<br />
1840 Industrial Cirde<br />
Longmont, CO 80501<br />
(BOO) 525-6705 or (303) 652-2014 (CO)<br />
Bizcomp model 1012, 1200 baud intelli·<br />
gent modem sets the pace in quality and<br />
reliability. Full duplex 30011200 FCC-regis·<br />
tered modem with the advanced features<br />
you want auto-dial, auto-repeat dial and<br />
auto-answer. Attached to any terminal, you<br />
have automatic keyboard dialing at your<br />
fingertips. Or, connect it to a mini/micro <strong>for</strong><br />
computer-computer electronic mail or<br />
auto-polling applications.<br />
Bizcomp<br />
P. 0. Box 7 498<br />
Menlo Park, CA 94025<br />
(415) 966· 1545<br />
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interest rates. etc . ... then measure<br />
their impact on your tax liability.<br />
TAX BREAK ANNUAL is available<br />
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TAX BREAK PLANNER is available<br />
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See your local dealer or order<br />
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.*<strong>Apple</strong>il,Il+.lie, orlJi. A Stand alone<br />
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Memory<br />
Expand the <strong>Apple</strong> II memory by 16K <strong>for</strong><br />
only $99.00. <strong>The</strong> DSl-Al 6 RAM Card is fully<br />
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Davong Systems, Inc.<br />
610 Palomar Avenue<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 93086<br />
(408) 773-8370<br />
Printers/Plotters<br />
Skyinan Multi printer interface card can<br />
generate custom characters, mix graphics<br />
and text on the same line. Includes a<br />
.character .editor with 3 predesigned character<br />
sets. Offers 16 types bf graphics<br />
dumps. Select a portion of a picture and<br />
enlarge it Produce graphs side-by-side.<br />
Also features a chart recorder mode. Compatible<br />
with CP/ M and Pascal too. Special<br />
printer commands to underline, emphasize,<br />
condense, print proportionally, etc.<br />
Includes a demo disk and 48-inch cable.<br />
Drives C. ltoh, NEC, Epson, Centronics,<br />
and Okidata printers. $105.00 froin:<br />
Brooksar Data Corp.<br />
9830 N 32nd St Suite A 105<br />
Phoenix, AZ 85028<br />
(800) 521-5401<br />
New CalComp 8 I /2 x I I-inch flatbed<br />
plotter provides eight programmable pens<br />
<strong>for</strong> very clear and high quality documentation<br />
required by business graphics applications.<br />
Superb Z80 intelligence provides a<br />
high speed vector generator, circle and<br />
axes generator, and five fonts of 96 ASCII<br />
characters that can be written at any angle<br />
and size and height-width aspect ratio.<br />
Features include dashed line patterns,<br />
siinple commands, test mode, 8 color,<br />
Business Graphics ROM <strong>for</strong> bar graphs, pie<br />
7 4 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
charts, line charts, etc., stand-alone configuration<br />
with an existing terminal, 16.5 inch<br />
per second vector plotting speed, .1 mm<br />
addressable resolution.<br />
Calcomp<br />
2411 W. La Palma Avenue<br />
Anaheim, CA 92803<br />
(714) 821-2011<br />
Qantex Model 7030 Multi-Mode printer<br />
features word processing quality with up to<br />
4 fonts resident Combine both letter quality<br />
sharpness and data processing speed in<br />
one printer. Features automatic proportional<br />
spacing and right-margin justification.<br />
Also doubles as a data processing<br />
printer and prints bi-directionally at either<br />
150 or 180 cps using character sets of<br />
U.S.A, U.K., Germany, France, Norway/<br />
Denmark, Sweden and Spain. In the graphics<br />
mode, the printer provides a resolution<br />
of up to 144 x 144 dots per inch. It is very<br />
flexible with compressed print or double<br />
wide characters <strong>for</strong> 10, 12, 13.2, 15 and<br />
17.2 cpi., 3.7K buffer standard; 6-part <strong>for</strong>ms<br />
capability; self generated status/ diagnostic<br />
report For further in<strong>for</strong>mation contact:<br />
Qantex<br />
60 Plant Avenue<br />
Hauppauge, NY 11 788<br />
(516) 582-6060<br />
<strong>The</strong> Sweet-P personal plotter is designed<br />
<strong>for</strong> use with personal and business computers.<br />
Easy-to-use, menu-driven software<br />
permits users to draw on either paper or<br />
overhead transparency; colorful pie charts,<br />
bar graphs, line graphs and technical illustrations.<br />
Software features enable the plotter<br />
to define window limits, scale, alphanumeric<br />
character size, and character orientation.<br />
Provision is made <strong>for</strong> color fill, and<br />
digitizing allows the user to scale and draw<br />
images traced from photographs, illustrations<br />
or printed material. A pen adapter<br />
permits the use of many commercial pens<br />
which are offered at stationery stores.<br />
Addressable plotting area of 7.5 x 118<br />
inches. Maximum plotting speed is 6 inches<br />
per second. Step size is .004 inches. Fits<br />
into a slimline briefcase. Complete with<br />
. computer interface, drawing media, pens<br />
and a tutorial disk and manual to instruct<br />
users in operation - $795.<br />
Enter <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc.<br />
6867 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite D<br />
San Diego, CA 92121<br />
(619) 450-0601<br />
<strong>The</strong> new model D-92 Dual Mode Printer<br />
prints in the data processing mode and in<br />
the correspondence mode <strong>for</strong> business<br />
documents. Parallel or serial options. Standard<br />
features include 800 character buffer,<br />
100 CPS bidirectional printing, parallel interface,<br />
short line seeking logic, <strong>for</strong>ms<br />
handling up to four parts, 100% duty cycle,<br />
six different character sizes.<br />
Data Impact Products, Inc.<br />
745 Atlantic Avenue<br />
Boston, MA 021 1 0<br />
(617) 482-4214<br />
Miscellaneous<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Cooler fan is the most powerful<br />
fan on the market today. No magnetic flux<br />
so it won't distort your monitor screen or<br />
cause errors on diskettes. Easy to install<br />
with no tools. Safest since it's mounted<br />
inside. Totally enclosed rotary blower design.<br />
No oiling required and UL recognized.<br />
Also available in 240 volts. $59.00 plus<br />
$2.50 each <strong>for</strong> shipping.<br />
MR Engineering<br />
4730 W. Addison<br />
Chicago, IL 60641<br />
(312) 286-6606<br />
<strong>The</strong> Arcade Board peripheral <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong><br />
II computer generates true arcade-quality<br />
color graphics, sound effects, and music.<br />
Uses a Tl video display processor and a<br />
programmable sound generator. Does not<br />
require machine language to create spectacular<br />
color graphics with rapid and smooth<br />
animation and simultaneous sound effects<br />
and music. Speeial hardware makes it<br />
possible to program the board entirely fro in<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>s oft or Integer BASIC. F ea tu res 16<br />
colors, 3 graphics modes - including Lo<br />
Res with square pixels, true color resolution<br />
of 256 by 192, programmable character<br />
se~ multi-planar graphics structure, 32 sprites<br />
available <strong>for</strong> easy object-oriented animation,<br />
color-table animation, pattern-table<br />
animation, pattern name-table animation,<br />
60 Hz interrupt signal available during<br />
vertical blanking period to allow <strong>for</strong> synchronized<br />
screen-flipping without glitches.<br />
18K of on·board video RAM allows your<br />
programs and data to use the <strong>Apple</strong> ll's Hi<br />
Res graphics Pages 1 and 2 and still have<br />
graphics, programmable sound generator<br />
with 3 independent tone generators. Many<br />
more features.<br />
Millenium 3 Engineering<br />
1015 Gayley Avenue, Suite 394<br />
Westwood, CA 90024<br />
<strong>The</strong> 88Card is a 16 bit Intel 8088 that allows<br />
the <strong>Apple</strong> user to run programs on the<br />
popular MS-DOS (IBM-PC) and CP/ M-86<br />
operating sysems. It is available with MS<br />
DOS and MBASIC or alternate choices or<br />
CP/ M-86, MBASIC or CBASIC. CP/ M 3.0<br />
<strong>for</strong> the Appli-Card allows the user to l!lpgrade<br />
and use the 128K capability of the<br />
operating system with a RAM Extender<br />
Card that provides up to 192K to ah <strong>Apple</strong><br />
as a RAMDISK. Soon to be released are the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Ill Appli-Card - a Z80A or Z80B based<br />
card with 64K or memory expandable to<br />
512K and a software product called CalcRAM<br />
that makes the expanded memory (up to<br />
192K) available to VisiCalc models.<br />
Personal <strong>Computer</strong> Products, Inc.<br />
16776 Bernardo Center Drive<br />
San Diego, CA 92128<br />
(714) 485-8411<br />
Saybrook is a plug-in peripheral card <strong>for</strong><br />
the <strong>Apple</strong> II that trans<strong>for</strong>ms the <strong>Apple</strong> into a<br />
powerful micro-mainframe, boosting its<br />
computational capability to 10-20 times the
speed of the <strong>Apple</strong> II, ///, or the IBM-PC.<br />
Utilizes the Motorola 68000 32-bit microprocessor.<br />
Includes 128K Ram (expandable<br />
to 256K) and a 24-hour time of day<br />
clock - $995. This price includes the UCSD<br />
p-System Plus (Version IV) and the Pascal<br />
language. BASIC and FORTRAN-77 are<br />
optional.<br />
Analytical Engines, Inc.<br />
P. 0. Box 26511<br />
Austin, TX 78755-0511<br />
Not just another <strong>Apple</strong> nibble copier, Snapshot<br />
removes copy protection, and copies<br />
most programs including the nibble copiers<br />
themselves. (<strong>The</strong> ultimate irony! -<br />
PCW.) Will copy any memory-resident program<br />
that runs on a 48K <strong>Apple</strong> IL It is a<br />
peripheral card that uses your language<br />
card to interrupt a running program and<br />
dump the entire contents of 48K and<br />
registers to an unprotected, copyable<br />
backup disk Requires no complex parameter<br />
changes or trial and error tedium.<br />
Also ideal <strong>for</strong> debugging your own programs<br />
or analyzing others' programs, with<br />
full monitor capabilities to repeatedly interrupt<br />
a program and modify, trace, disassemble<br />
and resume running it, and dump<br />
its current state to disk - $109.95 plus $3.00<br />
postage.<br />
Dark Star Systems<br />
P. 0. Box 140<br />
Amherst, MA 01004<br />
(413) 584-7600<br />
SOFTWARE<br />
Business (General)<br />
Mentor electronic design software lets you<br />
design circuits in Hi-Res graphics. Features<br />
automatic calculations, user-friendly, single<br />
letter input limited to the characteristics of<br />
the circuit being designed. Useful <strong>for</strong> classroom<br />
instruction or lab preparation.<br />
$124.95 plus $6.25 shipping and handling.<br />
Korsmeyer Electronic Design<br />
16411 Del Mar<br />
Huntington Beach, CA 92649<br />
An automatic VisiCalc template generator<br />
is operated by selecting answers to plain<br />
English questions to create complex budgeting<br />
and <strong>for</strong>ecasting models. <strong>The</strong> Business<br />
Planning Tool with Visigen generates<br />
VisiCalc <strong>for</strong>mulae and assembles the in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
into a custom VisiCalc model. <strong>The</strong><br />
Peachtree Connection extracts in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
from Peachtree Data files and creates Visi<br />
Calc models, while <strong>The</strong> Wordstar Connection<br />
does the same with Wordstar in<strong>for</strong>mation.<br />
Sofstar<br />
13935 US # 1 Juno Square<br />
Juno, FL 33408<br />
(305) 627-5511<br />
Visicalc Utilities includes a VisiCalc (DIF)<br />
file sorting program that will sort rows or<br />
columns up to 6 keys. Two additional<br />
programs allow VisiCalc to <strong>Apple</strong>writer<br />
conversion and VisiCalc to <strong>Apple</strong>plot conversion<br />
- plot any 1 of 2 rows/ columns.<br />
VisiCalc templates includes a Statistical<br />
Pak, Financial Pak and Mathematics Pak<br />
For any one program or Pak - $19.95. For<br />
each additional program or Pak add $10.00<br />
and save $9.95. Prices include program<br />
diskette, detailed manuals, postage and<br />
handling. ·<br />
Robert H. Flast & Co.<br />
6 Peter Cooper Road<br />
New York, NY 10010<br />
How many times have you jotted down a<br />
note <strong>for</strong> future reference, put it on your desk<br />
because you didn't know where to file it and<br />
two weeks later you can't find it? Notebook<br />
will give rapid " In-Out" access to any or all<br />
notes; whether you're looking <strong>for</strong> financial<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation, insurance numbers, names &<br />
addresses, dates, DOS notes, medical, business,<br />
auto in<strong>for</strong>mation or any advisory that<br />
you'll want <strong>for</strong> later reference. Automatic-<br />
For the name(s) of the<br />
IAC Member Club(s)<br />
closest to you, send us a<br />
Jine with a self-addressed,<br />
stamped envelope to:<br />
International <strong>Apple</strong> Core<br />
908 George Street<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
BY CASES, INC.<br />
DESIGNED TO PROTECT YOUR COMPUTER<br />
Features -<br />
• Rigid Shell Mode of Plywood<br />
Supported High Impact ABS.<br />
• Shock Resistant Foam Lining.<br />
• Heavy Duty Hardware<br />
• Bound Metal Edges.<br />
• Interlocking Tongue and<br />
Groove Extrusion, Mating Lid<br />
and Bottom.<br />
Join the Fun!<br />
Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited.<br />
TOTAL SYSTEMS DESIGN, Inc.<br />
635 Bair Island Rd. Suite 135 Redwood City, CA<br />
(415) 369-7400<br />
OTHER<br />
MODELS<br />
AVAILABLE<br />
FOREIGN<br />
INQUIRIES<br />
WELCOME<br />
April 1983 7 5
ally cross-references your memorandums<br />
and keeps an alphabetized index. Features<br />
a card-like printout and a fast, easy to use<br />
search routine. Data can be written to the<br />
Notebook diskette itself or any number of<br />
diskettes. On-line help is always available.<br />
Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K and DOS 3.3 -<br />
$55.00.<br />
. Nikrom Technical Products, Inc.<br />
25 Prospect Street<br />
Leominster, MA 01453<br />
(800) 835-2246<br />
Con-Cale will work with Super/ Cale and<br />
other CP/ M spread sheets to consolidate<br />
up to 256 worksheets. It adds a third<br />
dimension to your electronic spread sheet<br />
programs. Includes logic <strong>for</strong> Rate of Return<br />
- $125.00. Requires an 8-inch disk, CP/ M<br />
and MBASIC. A test disk and manual in<br />
plastic mailer - $15.<br />
Sunwest Software<br />
2000 S. Logan<br />
Denver, CO 8021 0<br />
(303) 777-9400<br />
MicroPlan is the software that fills the big<br />
gap between your electronic spreadsheet<br />
and your accounting package. It's a powerful<br />
tool <strong>for</strong> financial analysis and projection.<br />
It lets you set up financial interactions <strong>for</strong> a<br />
whole area of business, then add data to<br />
produce current reports whenever you<br />
wish. Consolidation Module lets you condense<br />
departmental, local and regional<br />
reports into a whole pyramid of management<br />
reports. It will find data in other files<br />
and tailor consolidated reports to your<br />
exact specifications. MicroPlan m emorizes<br />
every step needed to control your model,<br />
including use of its built-in <strong>for</strong>mulas. Micro<br />
Plan can automatically amortize a loan,<br />
make up a depreciation schedule and<br />
handle dozens more business applications.<br />
Chang Labs<br />
10228 N. Stelling Road<br />
Cupertino, CA 95014<br />
(408) 725-8088<br />
Statmanager is a sophisticated statistical<br />
package <strong>for</strong> researchers who don't have<br />
time or money to waste. It is designed <strong>for</strong><br />
the researcher who wants to develop his<br />
own file structures, who needs a broad<br />
array of statistical computations, who wants<br />
to present data graphically and who doesn't<br />
want the hassle or expense of mainframe<br />
timesharing. Menu driven with simple commands<br />
and clear user prompts, Statmana- .<br />
ger is both easy to use and very powerful.<br />
Create and organize data files, add, modify<br />
or delete data, sort alphabetically or numerically,<br />
run descriptive statistics, including<br />
mean, variance and standard deviation. Do<br />
T-Test and paired T-Test comparisons,<br />
linear or trans<strong>for</strong>med correlations or X-Y<br />
plotting, regression line plotting, and combined<br />
regression line and data plotting.<br />
Available from your local dealer or ca ll:<br />
Hayden Software<br />
(800) 343-1218<br />
(617) 937·0200 (MA)<br />
OR-D is a complete system especially<br />
designed to help manage and control a<br />
dental practice. Permits 1,500 to 5,000<br />
active accounts, up to 15,000 patients, 500<br />
insurance companies, 15 providers and up<br />
to 150 dental codes. Partial list of functions:<br />
per visit invoice and reminder notices, <strong>for</strong>m<br />
generation <strong>for</strong> scheduled patients, income<br />
reports, insurance claim <strong>for</strong>m generation,<br />
billing and statement processing, aging<br />
reports, monthly recall list and label generation,<br />
provider income analysis, insurance<br />
outstanding balance, patient history of<br />
transactions, referral list, management statistics<br />
reports, insurance statistics reports.<br />
<strong>The</strong> system consists of an <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus with<br />
64K, 5-10 Megabyte hard disk, floppy disk<br />
drive, monitor, printer, line voltage protector,<br />
and word processing and office accounting<br />
software. <strong>The</strong> entire system is<br />
available under $10,000.<br />
DVl-OR Inc.<br />
1200B Haddonfield Road<br />
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002<br />
(609) 665-2255<br />
<strong>The</strong> PromptDoc Manual Maker visually<br />
prompts the user through the designing,<br />
outlining, and writing steps of good manual<br />
development <strong>The</strong> system provides guidance<br />
on what to include in the documentation<br />
and even how much explanation to<br />
provide. <strong>The</strong> actual operating description is<br />
supplied by the user. A Writer's Guide is<br />
included with the package to provide professional<br />
documentation development<br />
techniques and experience which allows<br />
even the non-professional writer to improve<br />
overall manual quality.<br />
PromptDoc, Inc.<br />
833 West Colorado Avenue<br />
Colorado Springs, CO 80905<br />
(303) 471-9875<br />
Super Expander Plus, a new VisiCalc preboot,<br />
will hunt <strong>for</strong> and find as many as two<br />
Ramex-128K boards, then allow a VisiCalc<br />
user to build an incredible 255K model.<br />
<strong>The</strong> program loads or saves its entire 255K<br />
file onto two <strong>Apple</strong> floppies in less than <strong>for</strong>ty<br />
seconds. Pre-boot also upgrades any regular<br />
16-sector <strong>Apple</strong> VisiCalc to the level of<br />
the VisiCalc Advanced Version, hereto<strong>for</strong>e<br />
available only on the <strong>Apple</strong> /// computer.<br />
Adds such features as variable column<br />
widths, global <strong>for</strong>matting of numbers, negative<br />
numbers in brackets, password protection,<br />
several new <strong>for</strong>mat commands,<br />
tabbed fields, and more. It even supports an<br />
80-column card if one is present Super<br />
Expander Plus - $125, Ramex-128K board -<br />
$499.<br />
Omega MicroWare, Inc.<br />
222 S. Riverside Plaza<br />
Chicago, IL 60606<br />
(312) 648-4844<br />
Stats Plus, is a new VisiCalc compatible<br />
general statistics package with a powerful<br />
data base management system. Now electronic<br />
worksheet files can be used in preparing<br />
data files or in producing Hi·Res<br />
graphics such as scatterplots, bargraphs,<br />
or polygon charts. A special set of data base<br />
programs, called Data Prep, is included in<br />
the package that handle both random·<br />
access and sequential files and produce<br />
data that can be instantly accessed using<br />
self prompting screen instructions. Also<br />
includes trans<strong>for</strong>mation procedures and<br />
other techniques <strong>for</strong> combining data fields<br />
arithmetically. Offers search and select<br />
capabilities in which random-access files<br />
can be searched in five fields and cross<br />
tabulated in five dimensions · $200.00.<br />
Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and<br />
DOS 3.3 with optional dot matrix printer.<br />
Human Systems Dynamics<br />
9249 Reseda Blvd., Suite 107<br />
Northridge, CA 91324<br />
Versacalc enhancements to VisiCalc con·<br />
tain a tutorial, utilities, and a file manager.<br />
Sort any number of rows, labels, values,<br />
<strong>for</strong>mulas. You select the extent of the sort<br />
Permits conditional testing to several levels.<br />
Includes menu-driven modules <strong>for</strong> your<br />
own application programs. Auto-catalog<br />
from within VisiCalc. Auto-screen <strong>for</strong>m<br />
saves hundreds of keystrokes. Print out the<br />
list of commands. <strong>Apple</strong> II version $100.00,<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> / // version $150.00.<br />
Anthro·Digital Inc.<br />
103 Bartlett Avenue<br />
Pittsfield, MA 01201<br />
(413) 448-8278<br />
Automated Medical Administrator is de·<br />
signed to automate the accounts receiva·<br />
ble and claim <strong>for</strong>m preparation tasks <strong>for</strong>the<br />
multi·doctor medical practice. <strong>The</strong> system<br />
allows <strong>for</strong> the maintenance of up to 2,000<br />
accounts <strong>for</strong> up to ten physicians.<br />
Contact<br />
Boardroom Executive Software<br />
255 North El Cielo Road ~uite 240<br />
Palm Springs, CA 92262<br />
(714) 365-6770<br />
Servicemanager is a business software<br />
package which per<strong>for</strong>ms administrative<br />
and clerical chores <strong>for</strong> repair shops and<br />
service departments. It has word processing<br />
capability and prints all standard<br />
<strong>for</strong>ms. Runs on the <strong>Apple</strong> /// with the<br />
Profile hard disk. or 5 1/4 inch diskettes.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Denver Software Company<br />
14100 E. Jewell Avenue, Suite 15<br />
Aurora, CO 80012<br />
(303) 750-9980<br />
Communications<br />
Super Phone <strong>for</strong> Hayes Micromodem II<br />
users, keeps a telephone directory of peo·<br />
pie and modems and dials them automatically.<br />
When you call modems you can see,<br />
save, and print what they say. No limit to the<br />
amount of data you can receive, save and<br />
print Take programs from remote disks<br />
and put them on your disks or vice versa.<br />
Super Phone is $D84 bytes long and is all<br />
76 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
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machine language. <strong>The</strong> manufacturer can<br />
call you and transfer Super Phone to your<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>'s disk. <strong>The</strong> actual transmission time<br />
is about 7 minutes. $40 from:<br />
James 0. Church<br />
20 Placid Street<br />
Trumbull, CT 06611<br />
ComCrypt helps to prevent unauthorized<br />
.eavesdropping on computer communication<br />
going over telephone lines or by direct<br />
wire between terminals. <strong>The</strong> encrypted chat<br />
mode allows two users of the program to<br />
have completely secure communications<br />
between themselves over modems or on<br />
timesharing systems. Requires CP/ M<br />
$250.<br />
Century Systems<br />
12872 Valley View Avenue, Suite 11 B<br />
Garden Grove, CA 92645<br />
(714) 895-3381<br />
Educational<br />
T- Pal is a complete lesson-writing and<br />
recordkeeping software system <strong>for</strong> schools,<br />
homes, businesses, or any organization<br />
78 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
needing to teach concepts, train people, or<br />
transmit in<strong>for</strong>mation. Instructions on the<br />
screen prompt the user at all times, and a<br />
clearly written but detailed user's manual is<br />
included in the package. Branching is<br />
available <strong>for</strong> correct and incorrect student<br />
responses. Records wrong answers and<br />
displays them <strong>for</strong> diagnostic purposes at<br />
teacher's request Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus<br />
with 32K and one disk drive - $135.00. Two<br />
drives are needed <strong>for</strong> the double disk<br />
version $145.00. A printer is optional.<br />
<strong>Computer</strong> Business Systems<br />
468 State Street<br />
Phillipsburg, KS 67661<br />
(913) 543-2216<br />
Study Break is a program designed to<br />
produce and utilize study files on any<br />
subject <strong>The</strong> program is menu driven,<br />
allowing the review of old material, insertion<br />
of new material, modification of current<br />
material or deletion of current material.<br />
New items of in<strong>for</strong>mation are entered in a<br />
question-answer <strong>for</strong>mat True CAI operation<br />
<strong>for</strong>ces students to learn from incorrect<br />
answers by repeating that material as a<br />
rein<strong>for</strong>cement Percentage of correct responses<br />
is shown. <strong>The</strong> Medical Study Base<br />
files cover a wide range of introductory<br />
clinical in<strong>for</strong>mation. <strong>The</strong> package includes<br />
22 files of 4164 question/ answer pairs on<br />
disks, including surgery, general medicine,<br />
and specialty files. Study Break - $29.95.<br />
Study Break with Medical Study Base -<br />
$99.95. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus with 48K<br />
and DOS 3.3<br />
Med Systems Software<br />
P. 0. Box 3558<br />
Chapel Hill, NC 27514<br />
(800) 334-5470<br />
Spanish Language Review is a new program<br />
<strong>for</strong> building Spanish language proficiency.<br />
<strong>The</strong> program contains 1024 words<br />
and phrases to help the user learn the<br />
basics in 12 different subject categories.<br />
Included are Accommodation, Basic<br />
Grammar, Communication, Directions and<br />
Motoring, Entertainment, General Vocabulary,<br />
Medical, Restaurant, Shopping, Time,<br />
Dates & Numbers and Travel. Requires an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K and DOS 3.3 - $29.95.<br />
Study Guide Software<br />
P. 0 . Box 11601<br />
Costa Mesa, CA 92627<br />
(714) 540-8343<br />
Educational software <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II includes<br />
study aids <strong>for</strong> College Board Exams<br />
- PSAT, SAT or GRE. Math Skills Pak<br />
covers Algebra, Geometry& Trigonometry<br />
with Graphics on two diskettes - $50.00.<br />
Verbal Skills Pak covers vocabulary, word<br />
analogy and sentence completion on three<br />
diskettes - $60. Write <strong>for</strong> complete catalog.<br />
SEI<br />
P. 0. Box 7266-N<br />
Hampton, VA 23666<br />
(804) 826-3777<br />
Number Cruncher is a superb high resolution<br />
arcade quality action teaching game<br />
with plenty of action. Game play covers all<br />
four basic mathematical operations, and<br />
automatically adjusts to the player's capability.<br />
Covers mathematic operations from<br />
single digit to four digit numbers. For ages<br />
6 to adult $34.95 plus $1.50 shipping.<br />
Unique Software, Inc.<br />
P. 0 . Box N<br />
Deer Park, NY 11 729<br />
(516) 666-7577<br />
Early Games <strong>for</strong> young children offers nine<br />
educational and entertaining games controlled<br />
by a single program. Even very<br />
young children can select a game, play it,<br />
and select a different game - all by themselves.<br />
Picture menu gives children control.<br />
Children learn to match numbers and<br />
letters, count colorful blocks, add and<br />
subtract stacks of blocks, learn the alphabet,<br />
practice spelling names, compare<br />
shapes and draw and save colorful pictures.<br />
Immediate visual and musical feedback.<br />
Hints are provided when appropriate. Designed<br />
<strong>for</strong> children ages 2V2 to 6 years old.<br />
Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> llwith48K and DOS3.3-<br />
$29.95.<br />
Early Games Educational Software<br />
Shelard Plaza North, Suite 140B<br />
Minneapolis, MN 55426<br />
(800) 328-1223 or (612) 544-4720 (MN)<br />
Planes is a new computer math game.<br />
Three skill-building programs promote<br />
mastery of fundamental geometric principles<br />
enhancing classroom instruction.
~- ~-<br />
1..: :...' -<br />
.<br />
Available At CompuShack Stores<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>tie t ®and <strong>Apple</strong>tte 2® are t 00°/ci <strong>Apple</strong> 11 compatible: Halftracking, DOS, PASCAL, and CP / M®. 300% faster track to<br />
track speed with 15% greater storage capacity on a 40 track mode with enhancer diskette. TEAC® mechanism and read/write<br />
electronics. Direct shaft drive, metal band positioner, photo coupler write-protected sensor I 0,000 lifetime hours, and more.<br />
One year warranty on all parts and labor.<br />
Headquarters Telex: 18-3511<br />
"DATA DRIVE. APPLETTE I. APPLETTE 2. and TRUMP CA.RD are.<br />
registered trademarks of TAVA Corporation. respectively<br />
TAVA e.<br />
CORP.<br />
f714J 730-6772<br />
"TEAC 1s a reqistered trademark of TEAC Corp.<br />
Answer Back<br />
CSMA<br />
* CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc.
Automatically provides increasing advanced<br />
learning applications. Its library of 200<br />
straight-line shapes helps children recog·<br />
nize, define and distinguish geometric <strong>for</strong>ms<br />
Lets children create their own shapes on<br />
the monitor by plotting points or drawing<br />
lines. Instructions show a child how to turn,<br />
reposition, store and retrieve shapes, stimu·<br />
.lating computing ability. Can easily . be<br />
integrated into curriculum <strong>for</strong> Grades 3·9.<br />
Includes a diskette with programs and<br />
shapes and a reference manual. Requires<br />
an <strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K and DOS 3.3 · $39.95<br />
plus $2.00 shipping and handling.<br />
ITC Technologies Corp.<br />
7100 Blvd. East, 2J<br />
Guttenberg, NJ 07093<br />
New educational software helps students<br />
understand how to get the right answer.<br />
Students learn the basic skills and move up<br />
to mastery. Programs focus on specific<br />
learning need, so students can zero in on<br />
the precise areas where they need work<br />
Programs include Division Skills, Mixed<br />
Numbers, Decimal Skills, Punctuation<br />
Skills, Vocabulary Skills · each $44.95.<br />
Three instructional modes include Rea&<br />
ness, Practice, and Instruction. <strong>Computer</strong><br />
Literacy reference materials include Exper·<br />
iencing BASIC task cards · $9.50, Experiencing<br />
BASIC Duplicating Masters · $6.0(}<br />
and a 64 page booklet introducing students<br />
to microcomputer use and software design<br />
· $5.00. Each unit has a built-in manage·<br />
ment system that holds up to 120 student<br />
records on the same diskette as the actual<br />
skill program. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> Hor.II Plus<br />
with 48K and DOS 3.3. From your favorite<br />
software dealer.<br />
Milton Bradley Co.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bermuda Race is a newly developed<br />
educational game designed to teach the<br />
novice sailor, improve navigation and sail·<br />
ing skill of week-end sailors, and challenge<br />
the "seasoned skipper". <strong>The</strong> object is to<br />
"sail" a boat from Newport, Rhode Island,<br />
to the Island of Bermuda in record breaking<br />
time. Options include simplified sailing<br />
instructions, course description and point·<br />
ers, and the race itself. Each move counts<br />
as one hour, except in the beginning and in<br />
the end where the moves are in 15 minute<br />
increments. In<strong>for</strong>mation given to the player<br />
<strong>for</strong> each move includes: wind direction,<br />
wind speed, boat direction, boat speed,<br />
wave height, time elapsed from beginning<br />
of race, distance to Bermuda, relative wind<br />
angle, true course to Bermuda, how much<br />
sail area is carried, and position of the<br />
centerboard. Features detailed Hi-Res<br />
graphics maps, and detailed drawings of<br />
the boat, etc.<br />
Nautical Software<br />
P. 0. Box 4397<br />
Lynchburg, VA 24502<br />
<strong>Computer</strong>ized Career Assessment and<br />
Planning Program ( CCAPP) helps stu·<br />
dents determine career interest, preferen·<br />
ces, and abilities; select and explore career<br />
clusters; delineate"and select relevant occupations;<br />
and develop a plan to enter (or<br />
prepare to enter) the occupation of their<br />
choice. Each of four programs take approx:<br />
imately <strong>for</strong>ty minutes to complete and<br />
allows students to learn important facets of<br />
decision making while developing a per·<br />
sonalized career profile and plan to meet<br />
their immediate needs. <strong>The</strong> system contains<br />
four program diskettes and four data base<br />
diskettes, plus a counselor's manual. Re,<br />
quires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and<br />
DOS 3.3, a monitor and a printer -$485.00.<br />
CCAPP Counselor's Manual only· $50.00.<br />
Career Directions (2 diskettes and manual)<br />
. $59.95.<br />
Systems Design Associates, Inc.<br />
723 Kanawha Blvd. East<br />
Charleston, WV 25301<br />
(304) 342-0769<br />
Play against the computer to match words<br />
that make compound words. with Word<br />
Mate. Contains 10 word lists with a total of<br />
100 words in all. Features large easy·toread<br />
letters, full color, and sound effects.<br />
Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K and DOS 3.2<br />
or 3.3 · $25.00 plus $2.00 handling and<br />
shipping.<br />
T.H.ES.l.S.<br />
P. 0. Box 147<br />
Garden City, Ml 48135<br />
(313) 595-4722 .<br />
StarLogicAnnounces<br />
Savings on <strong>Apple</strong> II<br />
Compatible Drives·<br />
Includes drive, cable, cabinet and standard<br />
warranty which includes 90 days parts and labor<br />
5%" standard disk drive<br />
Thinline half-height disk drive<br />
Dual Thiriline drives<br />
(Also compatible with Franklin ACE)<br />
$205.00<br />
$185.00<br />
$335.00<br />
TELEPHONE ORDERS ONLY<br />
MASTERCARD, VISA, CASHIER'S CHECK COD ORDERS ACCEPTED<br />
(213) 883-0587<br />
StarLogic<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> is a registered trademark of <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc.<br />
80 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
Thinline is a registered trademark of Tandon Corporation
<strong>Computer</strong> instruction <strong>for</strong> the mentally<br />
handicapped is now available. Colorful animated<br />
graphics programs, utilizing synthesized<br />
speech, teach basic counting and<br />
word recognition skills to those with learning<br />
disabilities. Reading is not required<br />
unless it is part of the learning objective.<br />
Available <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II plus - $29.95.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Upper Room <strong>Computer</strong> Consultants<br />
907 6th Avenue East ·<br />
Menomonie, WI 54751<br />
Police Artist is a children's game <strong>for</strong> ages<br />
7-14. It is basically a face recognition<br />
program with recreational overtones to<br />
help alleviate the stuffiness that most educational<br />
tools tend to have. It will help<br />
children improve their memory and show<br />
them that computers don't bite - $34.95.<br />
Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and<br />
DOS 3.3.<br />
Sir-Tech Software, Inc.<br />
6 Main Street<br />
Ogdensburg, NY 13669<br />
(315) 393-6633<br />
Here is a new series of computer programs<br />
based on Biblical themes. Battle of Jericho<br />
is an arcade type action game in which the<br />
player relives the Biblical story of the fall of<br />
Jericho described in the Book of Joshua. If<br />
he skillfully directs the blasts of his " ram's<br />
horn", the player can bring the walls of<br />
Jericho tumbling down. Bible Baseball is<br />
an educational game in which the student's<br />
knowledge of Old Testament facts and<br />
history enable him to triumph or lose in a<br />
full-scale baseball game played against an<br />
opponent or the computer. Designed <strong>for</strong><br />
the <strong>Apple</strong> II.<br />
Davka Corporation<br />
845 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 843<br />
Chicago, IL 60611<br />
(312) 944-4070<br />
Teacher authored programs <strong>for</strong> the classroom<br />
and home include math, language<br />
arts, reading, spelling, literacy, programming,<br />
etc. Covers tutorial and practice,<br />
remedial and developmental. Useful <strong>for</strong> all<br />
ages. Uses full computer capabilities. For<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> 11. Send <strong>for</strong> free complete microcomputer<br />
software catalog.<br />
Educational Activities, Inc.<br />
P. 0 . Box 87<br />
Baldwin, NY 11510<br />
(800) 645-3739 or (516) 223-4666 (NY)<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Physics programs total 11 disks and<br />
75 programs. <strong>The</strong>se programs contain<br />
extensive graphics. Each diskette has 5 to<br />
10 programs requiring 48K memory with<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>soft Volumes are: Vectors & Graph·<br />
ing $ l 0, Statics $12, Motion $12, Conserva·<br />
tion Laws $12, Circular Motion $15, <strong>The</strong>rm·<br />
odynamics $20, Electricity $12, Optics $20,<br />
Atomic Physics $30, Solar System Astronomy<br />
$30, Stellar Astronomy $30. Entire set<br />
may be purchased <strong>for</strong> $203.00.<br />
Cross Educational Software<br />
P. 0. Box 1536<br />
Ruston, LA 71270<br />
(318) 255-8921<br />
Three new vocabulary games are available,<br />
with up to 100 words per level, up to 300<br />
words in each game. Helps build vocabu·<br />
lary and improve related word skills, such<br />
as decoding and recognizing synonyms<br />
and antonyms. <strong>The</strong> Chambers of Vocab<br />
(age 9 and older). Only by subduing the<br />
worc:I beasts within can you prove your<br />
courage and skill. Trickster Coyote (age 8<br />
and older). Recover the Totem stolen by the<br />
stealthy Coyote if you stay on Coyote's trail<br />
and avoid his tricky words. Key Lingo (age<br />
11 and older) rewards you with a piece of<br />
the legendary Penguin Parchment, which<br />
marks the location of Key Lingo · an<br />
uncharted atoll. You must summon all your<br />
word-trading skill to win more pieces of the<br />
Parchment Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus<br />
with 48K and DOS 3.3 · $48.96.<br />
Reader's Digest Services, Inc.<br />
Microcomputer Software Division<br />
Pleasantville, NY 10570<br />
(914) 769-7000<br />
Financial<br />
Personal Finance Master tracks your checks,<br />
deposits, charges, loan payments, credit<br />
cards, IRA accounts, broker accounts, even<br />
cash and fixed assets. It can integrate them<br />
all into a personal net worth statement It<br />
can budget your expenses and cash flow;<br />
reconcile your bank statements; print<br />
checks on standard computer <strong>for</strong>ms; produce<br />
Hi-Res plots of income & expense;<br />
split transactions; search or sort records.<br />
• • . THE NEED<br />
An easy, low cost way to input<br />
visual in<strong>for</strong>mation to your computer<br />
• • • THE SOLUTION<br />
[)~IJ~-C~r:l<br />
With the DIGl/CAM Self-Contained Digital<br />
Camera, your computer gains a new dimension<br />
in 1/0 flexibility.<br />
Completely self-contained with its own<br />
internal microprocessor, DIGl/CAM will interface<br />
to any computer through an RS 232 serial port.<br />
Since it is fully programmable using simple ASCII commands,<br />
using it is very simple. Besides being the "electronic eye" of<br />
your computer, you can program it to compare pictures, locate<br />
objects within a picture, detect motion, or to take timed, multiple<br />
exposures.<br />
With a 128 x 256 pixel resolution and up to four gray levels,<br />
DIGl/CAM can be used in process control and automation,<br />
robotics, security graphics input and digitizing, quality control,<br />
or . .. ?<br />
A NEW DIMENSION IN VISUAL INPUT.<br />
See <strong>for</strong> yourself. Or better yet .. . now your computer can see<br />
by itself!<br />
FOXVILLE<br />
CDMMUNl~ATIDNS<br />
CORPORATION<br />
77 41 E. Gray Road. Suite # 17<br />
Post Office Box 5419<br />
Scottsdale. AZ 85261<br />
(602) 948-9817<br />
Telex 165 750<br />
April 1983 81
Provides up to 700 transactions per month<br />
capacity and up to 100 user-defined budget<br />
categories. It can store up to 3000 transactions<br />
per diskette. Produces eight CRT or<br />
printed reports/ graphs including an account<br />
register, income/ expense, chart of<br />
accounts, standard names and purpose<br />
codes, income/expense vs. time graph -<br />
$74.95 at your local dealer.<br />
Spectrum Software<br />
142 Carlow<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94087<br />
(408) 738-4387<br />
70 Income tax programs calculate and<br />
print the many tax <strong>for</strong>ms and schedules.<br />
Ideal <strong>for</strong> the Tax Preparer, C.P.A and<br />
individuals. Features menu driven BASIC<br />
programs that are unlocked and listable.<br />
Inputs can be checked and changed. Prints<br />
entire Form/Schedule. <strong>The</strong> programs include<br />
Forms 1040, 1040A, 1040EZ, 11 20,<br />
1120S, 1041 , 1065, 1116, 2106, 2119,<br />
2210, 2440, 3468, 3903, 4255, 4562,<br />
4797, 4835, 4972, 5695, 6251 and 6252.<br />
Also includes Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F, G,<br />
R, Rp and SE. <strong>The</strong>y also have a disk called<br />
<strong>The</strong> Tax Preparer's Helper which has programs<br />
<strong>for</strong> Income Statements, Rental<br />
Statements, Supporting Statements, IRA,<br />
ACRS, 1040/ES, ADD W-2's and Print W-<br />
2's. <strong>The</strong> first disk is AP#l, and includes<br />
Form 1 040 and Schedules A, B, C, D and<br />
G. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus and DOS<br />
3.3 - $24.75 postpaid.<br />
Gooth Tax Programs<br />
931 S. Bemiston<br />
St Louis, MO 63105<br />
Micro PMS is a new p0rtfolio management<br />
system that includes the in<strong>for</strong>mation you'll<br />
need to make profitable investment decisions.<br />
It is a family of sophisticated, easy-touse<br />
programs including Portfolio Accounting,<br />
Investment Analysis, and Per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
Measurement Includes complete data on<br />
over 1400 common stcxks like price histories<br />
and growth projections, earnings and<br />
dividend data and risk measurement and<br />
quality ratings. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus<br />
with 48K memory, a 16K memory card and<br />
2 disk drives. A printer and Videx 80-<br />
column board are optional.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Boston Company, Micro PMS Group<br />
One Boston Place<br />
Boston, MA 021 06<br />
(617) 722-7939<br />
Accounting Plus II helps store, retrieve,<br />
and instantly analyze all the vital financial<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation needed at your fingertips to run<br />
a successful business. It comes with its own<br />
firmware card, so there's no extra hardware<br />
to buy. It's fast, because it uses 6502<br />
machine language. Upgradable, it grows<br />
with your needs - supports 2 or 3 floppy<br />
drives or a hard disk It works with virtually<br />
all printers. Ifs also fully integrated, so all<br />
your entries automatically update all other<br />
applicable areas. Easy to use manuals are<br />
included. In 8 modules: General Ledger,<br />
Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable,<br />
Payroll, Inventory Control, Cash Flow/ Budgeting,<br />
Mailing Lists, Invoicing.<br />
Software Management Group, Inc.<br />
12555 Biscayne Blvd., Suite 805<br />
Miami, FL33181<br />
(800) 327-7701 or (305) 757-5416<br />
E-Z Tax is the tax break you've been<br />
looking <strong>for</strong>. Self-prompting questions assure<br />
you that nothing is overlooked. <strong>The</strong><br />
program automatically com.putes the lowest<br />
tax <strong>for</strong> you. It's so easy to use, you'll be<br />
doing your tax return the moment you<br />
insert the 5 #1 4 inch disk When you're<br />
finished, E·Z Tax will print out your in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
on the official Federal <strong>for</strong>ms. Prints<br />
1040A, 1040EZ, 1040 P. 1[,2, Schedules<br />
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, R/ RP, Wand many more<br />
- $69.95. Available <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K,<br />
and CP/M.<br />
E-Z Tax<br />
2444 Moorpark<br />
San Jose, CA 95128<br />
(800) 331-1040 or (800) 344-1040 (CA)<br />
<strong>The</strong> General Ledger can produce many<br />
times more reports than competing systems.<br />
It simultaneously addresses: general<br />
ledger requirement (IRS, etc.), product profitability<br />
analysis with automatic proration<br />
of overhead burdens, financial budgeting,<br />
<strong>for</strong>ecasting and modeling, automatic depreciation<br />
scheduling and posting and instantaneous<br />
on-dem?Jnd inquiry. Two accounting<br />
months can be "open" simultaneously,<br />
and a full year's detailed entries can<br />
be retained on current file. Stores many<br />
times m ore entries than competitive systems.<br />
It has multiple techniques <strong>for</strong> most<br />
functions. One test closed one day's 3,440<br />
entry-sides in 2.5 minutes. For further in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
contact the distributor.<br />
<strong>The</strong> National Software Company<br />
Chamber of Commerce Buiding, Suite 105<br />
Baltimore, MD 21202<br />
(301) 539-0124<br />
TAXMAN-83 software package is an interactive<br />
tax management program <strong>for</strong> well<br />
proven VisiCalc or Superoalc electronic<br />
spreadsheets. It will prepare and print 1982<br />
individual income tax returns. Multiple overlays<br />
consider all tax alternatives and compute<br />
the lowest tax possible based on your<br />
filing status. All <strong>for</strong>ms and schedules are<br />
included, calculated, and printed. It will<br />
compare the results with the prior year's,<br />
test reasonableness and tell you which<br />
<strong>for</strong>ms are necessary <strong>for</strong> filing. Prepares<br />
1040, Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F, G, R, RP,<br />
SE, U, W; and many others - $95.00 plus<br />
$4.00 freight/ handling. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong><br />
II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3 and<br />
VisiCalc or Supercalc. Will also operate with<br />
the <strong>Apple</strong> // /.<br />
Atsuko Computing International<br />
303 Williams Avenue Suite 11 32<br />
Huntsville, AL 35801<br />
(205) 533-7590<br />
<strong>The</strong> BPI Payroll system per<strong>for</strong>ms all the<br />
standard payroll functions. It contains tax<br />
tables <strong>for</strong> FICA, federal and all 50 states<br />
plus Puerto Rico and D.C., as well as cities<br />
and counties with uni<strong>for</strong>m methods of<br />
taxation. An update service keeps your<br />
payroll system current with all tax law<br />
changes affecting you. Handles up to several<br />
hundred employees in different states<br />
or branch offices. Provides <strong>for</strong> expense<br />
reimbursement, automatic calculation of<br />
net pay, wage distribution, W-2's, payroll<br />
checks and other important payroll reports.<br />
Interfaces with the General Ledger and Job<br />
Cost Systems as well.<br />
BPI Systems<br />
3423 Guadalupe<br />
Austin, TX 78705<br />
(512) 454-2801<br />
Games/ Simulations<br />
Tired of shooting aliens and running mazes?<br />
Why not play the money game: Stock<br />
Market Tycoon. Sound and graphics sweep<br />
you into the action. As your stocks soar,<br />
gather up your dollars. Or agonize as it all<br />
fades away. Match your wits against the<br />
wiles of the market Fun <strong>for</strong> all ages. No<br />
knowledge of stocks is needed. Reqµires an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3 -<br />
$29.50.<br />
Micro Program Designs<br />
5440 Crestline Road<br />
Wilmington, DE 19808<br />
Lunar Leeper is a beautiful Hi-Res arcade<br />
game. Your job is to fly through them<br />
leepers to rescue some men. Be a good<br />
pilot - be quick and be sly. Save the men,<br />
avoid the leepers, and fly through a cave to<br />
shoot the leepers' keepers. Created by<br />
Chuckles, creator of Laff Pak $29.95 at<br />
your local computer store.<br />
Sierra On-Line, Inc.<br />
36575 Mudge Ranch Rd.<br />
Coarsegold, CA 93614<br />
(209) 683-6858<br />
Crystal Caverns is a game of mystery and<br />
suspense <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II. <strong>The</strong> player hunts<br />
<strong>for</strong> treasure beneath an old mansion. You<br />
aren't given a map to locate the treasures,<br />
but must create one based on the places<br />
already searched. T he mansions's mary<br />
dark and dusty rooms are filled with clues<br />
and dangers. A player may suddenly fall off<br />
a cliff or become trapped in a clammy<br />
dungeon - with no way out <strong>The</strong> only way to<br />
find the treasures is <strong>for</strong> the player to keep<br />
digging and searching throughout the<br />
mansion. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with<br />
48K and DOS 3.3 - $34.95.<br />
Hayden Book Company, Inc.<br />
50 Essex Street<br />
Rochelle Park, NJ 07662<br />
(201 ) 843-0550<br />
In Spider Raid <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II, the great war<br />
of 2017 nearly destroyed the Earth. <strong>The</strong><br />
82 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
<strong>Apple</strong> Peripherals Are Our Only Business<br />
That's Why We're So Good At It!<br />
<strong>The</strong> TIMEMASTER<br />
Finally, a clock that does it ALL!<br />
Super Music Synthesizer<br />
• Designed in 1983 usin g l. C. techno logies that simply did not exist<br />
w hen most other <strong>Apple</strong> clocks were d es igned.<br />
• just plug it in and your program s ca n read the year, month, date, day,<br />
and time - dow n to 1 millisecond!<br />
• Powerful 2K ROM d river - No cl ock could be eas ier to use.<br />
• Full emulation of most other clocks. in cluding M ountain Hard wa re's<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>clock (but you' ll like the TIMEMASTER mod e better).<br />
• Compatible w ith all o f <strong>Apple</strong>'s languages, C P/ M and PASCAL software<br />
on disk.<br />
• Ei ght software contro ll ed interrupts so you ca n execute two pro grams<br />
at the sa me time.<br />
• O n board timer lets you time any interva l up to 48 days lo ng down to<br />
the nearest millisecond.<br />
<strong>The</strong> TIMEMASTER includes a disk with some really fa ntastic time<br />
oriented programs (ove r 25) plus a DOS dater so it w ill automatica ll y add<br />
the date w hen disk fil es are created o r modified. This disk is over a<br />
$200.00 value alone - w e give the softwa re others se ll. All software<br />
packages <strong>for</strong> busin ess, data base management and communications are<br />
mad e to read the TIMEMASTER.<br />
If you want the m ost powerful and the eas iest to use clock <strong>for</strong> your <strong>Apple</strong>,<br />
you want a TIMEMASTER. PRICE $129.00<br />
• Com p let e i 6 voice music synthes ize r on one ca rd.Ju st plug it into your<br />
A pple, connect the audio ca ble (s upplied) to your stereo, boot the disk<br />
supplied and you are ready to input and play son gs.<br />
• It's easy to program music w ith our compose so ftware. Yo u w ill start<br />
ri ght away at inputting your favorite songs. <strong>The</strong> Hi-Res sc ree n shows<br />
w hat you have entered in standard sheet music <strong>for</strong>mat.<br />
• We give you lots of softwa re. In addition to Compose and Pl ay<br />
programs, the disk is filled w ith so ngs rea dy to play.<br />
• Easy to program in Bas ic to ge ne rate com plex so und effect s.<br />
• Four w hi te noise gene rators w hich are great fo r sound effect s.<br />
• Plays music in true st ereo as well as true discret e quadraphoni c.<br />
• Full enve lo pe contro l.<br />
• Will play songs w ritten fo r A LF sy nthes izer (AL F software w ill not take<br />
adva ntage o f all the features o f t hi s board. Th eir software sounds the<br />
sa m e in o ur synthesize r.)<br />
• Automati c shutoff on power-up o r if reset is p us hed.<br />
• M any many more featu res.<br />
PRICE $159.00<br />
Z-80 PLUS<br />
e TO TA LLY compatible w ith A LL C P/M software.<br />
• Executes t he full Z-80 and 8080 in st ru ction set.<br />
• Full y com patible w ith microsoft disks (no pre-boot required).<br />
• An o n- ca rd PROM eliminates many l. C.'s fo r a cooler, less power<br />
consuming board.<br />
• Does EV ERYTHI NG the other Z-80 boards d o, p lus supports Z-80<br />
interrupts.<br />
• Complet e documentation included. ( User must furnish so ftwa re)<br />
Th e Z-80 PL US turns your <strong>Apple</strong> in to a C P/M based compute r. This<br />
mea ns you ca n access the larges t body o f software in ex ist ence. Two<br />
computers in one and the adva ntages of both, all at an unbeli evably low<br />
p ri ce.<br />
PRICE $139.00<br />
Analog to Digital Converter<br />
• 8 Chan nels<br />
• 8 Bi t Reso lution<br />
• O n Board M emory<br />
• Fast Conversion (.0 7 8 ms per<br />
channel)<br />
• Eliminates <strong>The</strong> Need To Wait Fo r<br />
AID Conversion (j us t PEEK at data)<br />
• AID Process Totall y Transparent<br />
to A p p le (l ooks like memory)<br />
<strong>The</strong> analog to digita l conversion takes p lace on a continuo us, chann el<br />
se quencin g bas is. Data is automatica ll y transfe rred to on board mem o ry<br />
at the end o f each conversio n. No AI D converte r could be eas ier to use.<br />
O ur AID board com es standard w ith 0, 1 OV full sca le inputs. Th ese in puts<br />
ca n be change d by t he use r to 0, -1 OV, o r -SV, + 5 V o r other ranges as<br />
need ed.<br />
Info rm ation on t em perature se nso rs is given in manual.<br />
Th e use r conn ecto r has + 12 and -12 volts on it so you ca n power your<br />
se nsors.<br />
Accuracy 0. 3% Inp ut Res istance 20K O hms Ty p<br />
A few applications may include t he monito rin g of• fl ow • tem perature •<br />
humidity • w ind speed • w ind d irection • light intensity • press ure •<br />
RP M • so il moist ure and many mo re.<br />
PRICE $129.00<br />
Digital Input/Output Board<br />
• Provid es 8 buffered outputs to a standard 16 pin socket <strong>for</strong> standard<br />
d ip rib bon ca bl e con nection.<br />
• Power-u p reset assures that all o utputs are off w hen your <strong>Apple</strong> is<br />
turned on.<br />
• Features 8 inputs that ca n be d ri ven frorn TTL logic o r any 5 volt source.<br />
• Yo ur inputs ca n be anything fro m high speed logic to simp le switches.<br />
• Ve ry sim p le to p rogram, just PEE K at the data.<br />
• Now, on one ca rd, you ca n have 8 digital outp uts and 8 digital inputs<br />
each w it h its own connector. Th e super input/output board is your<br />
best choice fo r any contro l app licatio n.<br />
PRICE $62.00<br />
Our boards are fa r superior to most of the consumer electronics made today. All l. C.'s are in high quality sockets with mil-spec. components used throughout. P.C.<br />
boards are glass-epoxy with gold contacts. Made in America to be the best in the world. All products compatible with <strong>Apple</strong> II and //e.<br />
Aprlied Eng ineering's products are fully tested with complete documentati on and available <strong>for</strong> immediate delivery. All products are guaranteed with a no hassle two<br />
year warranty.<br />
Send Check or Money Order to:<br />
All Orders Shipped Same Day<br />
APPLIED ENGINEERING<br />
Call (214) 492-2027<br />
Texas Residents Add 5% Sales Tax<br />
P.O. Box 470301<br />
lam to 11 pm 7 days a w eek<br />
Add $10.00 If Outside U.S.A.<br />
Dallas, TX 75247<br />
MasterCard & Visa W elcom e
adioactivity and chemical poisons were<br />
integrated into the harmless Minim us Prob-<br />
. !emus beetle. <strong>The</strong> mutant Spraybius Toxicus<br />
beetle is your fiercest enemy. You are<br />
Hero Maximus, leader of one of the few<br />
remaining spider packs. You and your two<br />
loyal warriors must seek out the only food<br />
supply left, the common fly. But beware of<br />
the acid rain which can knock you down<br />
and leave you far from your prey or in the<br />
proximity of the deadly orange spray beetles<br />
- $29.95.<br />
lnsoft, Inc.<br />
In this new arcade game, ZARGS, Intelligence<br />
has learned of the approach of<br />
several thousand mysterious bright objects<br />
from the region of the Crab Nebula. <strong>The</strong><br />
Earth will soon be under full attack from<br />
alien spacecraft <strong>The</strong> only hope is to complete<br />
and arm the top secret ZARG spaceships.<br />
As captain, you pilot each weaponship<br />
en route to <strong>The</strong> ZARG. To avoid deadly<br />
X-rays, you must work against time to<br />
properly rotate and dock your spacecraft<br />
into one of the four ports be<strong>for</strong>e beaming<br />
yourself back to Earth, where you command<br />
yet another craft - $34:95.<br />
lnsoft, Inc.<br />
10175 S.W. Barbur Blvd, Suite 202B<br />
Portland, OR 97219<br />
(503) 244-41 8 1<br />
<strong>The</strong> Desecration is the first in a series of<br />
" Adventurecades" from Mind Games. You<br />
are the Intergalactic Assassin, infamous <strong>for</strong><br />
READY TO ADD<br />
MODEMS, PLOTTERS,<br />
LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS OR<br />
OTHER PERIPHERALS?<br />
INTERLINK'S<br />
DUAL SERIAL CARD<br />
gives you two complete, independent<br />
ports with no special software or additional<br />
cables needed.<br />
A complete manual tells you exactly<br />
how to connect and use the card with<br />
clear diagrams and explanations. A<br />
separate second level of descriptions<br />
explains the "why" and "how."<br />
AT SPECIAL<br />
INTRODUCTORY<br />
PRICE<br />
$189·<br />
Card and two 18 inch DB25 cables at<br />
less than list price of <strong>Apple</strong> single port<br />
board.<br />
Technical data: ·ust Price $219<br />
Standard <strong>Apple</strong> II in- MC and Visa • We<br />
terface, Baud rates 75 pay U.S. shipping<br />
to 9600, RS 232 pin • TX residents add<br />
selection on board. sales tax.<br />
one INTERLINK SYSTEMS, INC. Dealer<br />
Year Dept. 6, Box 3465 Inquiries<br />
warranty Pasadena, TX 77501 Invited<br />
your unique methods and numerous ac·<br />
complishments throughout the known universe.<br />
Your task: the deliverance of the<br />
Dendoron Galaxy from the parasitic desecration<br />
of the Pykronian Empire. You must<br />
survive the unyielding bombardment of the<br />
Air Command and escape the crossfire of<br />
the deadly android patrol. Intersperses three<br />
arcades within an adventure. As an added<br />
bonus, the arcade sections may be played<br />
separately from the adventure. High resolution<br />
pictures have been professionally drawn<br />
using a palette of nearly two hundred colors<br />
and depict a realism that must be experienced.<br />
In Assembly language, requires an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
Mind Games, Inc.<br />
420 So. Beverly Drive, Suite 207<br />
Beverly Hills, CA 90212<br />
(213) 277-8044<br />
Pill Box is a new game that places you as<br />
the last hope of the Allied Forces. You must<br />
face and destroy an endless stream of<br />
enemy tanks. From your "pillbox" hidden<br />
in the hills above, you must track them on<br />
your radar screen, take aim and wipe them<br />
out Be careful, these crafty devils may spot<br />
you. Features the most exciting Hi· Res with<br />
super graphics, full 3-D coordinates, full<br />
color. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with<br />
48K and DOS 3.3 with joystick or paddles -<br />
$39.95.<br />
Lord of the Games<br />
P. 0. Box 6592<br />
Rochester, MN 55901<br />
(800) 328-9002<br />
Abuse is a new, interactive insult program<br />
that turns the tables on the Eliza-type<br />
program s of the past This unpredictable<br />
piece of software concocts its own insults<br />
and is capable of literally millions of different<br />
responses.<br />
Don't Ask <strong>Computer</strong> Software<br />
2265 Westwood Blvd. B-150<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90064<br />
(213) 397-88 11<br />
Multi-player action <strong>for</strong> the whole family<br />
highlights New World. Each of three players<br />
leads an expedition to the New World in<br />
a game of conquest and colonization, set in<br />
the year 1495. Representing England, France,<br />
or Spain, the player tries to achieve suprem<br />
acy over his two opponents, human or<br />
com puter, by building colonies in North<br />
and South A merica. <strong>The</strong> player recruits<br />
colonists and soldiers and purchases supplies<br />
to ready his ships <strong>for</strong> their transatlantic<br />
crossing. Hazardous weather conditions<br />
and cutthroat pirates ham per the player's<br />
success. And when he reaches the New<br />
World, disease, bankruptcy and warfare<br />
threaten his colonies' survival - $29.95.<br />
Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and<br />
DOS 3.3.<br />
·Automated Simulations/EPYX<br />
Star Warrior, a science fiction adventure,<br />
has received the "Best Science Fiction<br />
Fantasy Com puter Gam e" of the year<br />
award from Electronic Games magazine.<br />
<strong>The</strong> player is an interplanetary avenger,<br />
who must single-handedly take on an entire<br />
planetary occupation · <strong>for</strong>ce. Armed with<br />
sophisticated electronic direction-finding<br />
equipment, decoys to fool the enemy,<br />
nuclear missiles, blaster and power-gun,<br />
the player can walk, jump, or even fly over<br />
swamps, <strong>for</strong>ests and mountains. <strong>The</strong>re is a<br />
choice of two scenarios, 19 command<br />
options and five levels of skill, combined<br />
with sound effects and graphics display -<br />
$39.95. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with<br />
48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
. Automated Simulations/ EPYX<br />
1043 Kiel Court<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94086<br />
(408) 745-0700<br />
Seek the Gem of Immortality by playing<br />
<strong>The</strong> Serpent's Star. Graphics provide ani·<br />
mation in Ultravision. Full screen animation,<br />
sound effects and a challenging adventure<br />
make this the graphics adventure of choice.<br />
This second in a series of daring and<br />
entertaining animated adventures takes<br />
Mac Steele into the mysterious and hostile<br />
Himalayas of Tibet - $39.95. Requires an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
Ultra soft<br />
24001 SE 103rd Street<br />
Issaquah, WA 98027<br />
(206) 392-1353<br />
Single's Night At Molly's consists of two<br />
challenging solitaire card games - Royal<br />
Flush and Sly Fox. Both games feature Hi<br />
Res graphics and various difficulty levels<br />
requiring a considerable amount of strategy<br />
and playing skill. No matter how many<br />
times either game is played, no two games<br />
will ever be exactly alike. Games can be<br />
played by one person, or any number of<br />
players. Includes a diskette and a 28 page<br />
instruction booklet It requires a 48K <strong>Apple</strong><br />
II or II Plus and DOS 3.3 - $29.95.<br />
Soft Images<br />
200 Route 17<br />
Mahwah, NJ 07430<br />
(201 ) 529-1440<br />
King Cribbage is a new version of the age<br />
old English card game. <strong>The</strong> King plays six·<br />
card cribbage as dealt from a standard 52-<br />
card deck. <strong>The</strong> program requires an <strong>Apple</strong><br />
II with 48K and DOS 3.3 - $24.95.<br />
Hayden Book Com pany<br />
Sargon II, the com puter chess cham pion,<br />
permits you to choose from seven levels of<br />
play. Ifs fast and tough, with striking graphics.<br />
Every nuance of grand master chess is<br />
here: capturing en passant; castling; and, if<br />
you dare, even the " kibitz" where Sargon<br />
will give you a hint - or set a trap. Whether<br />
you're a beginner or a champion, you'll<br />
enjoy hours and hours with Sargon 11; a<br />
worthy opponent <strong>for</strong> you, and a true classic<br />
- $34.95.<br />
Hayden Book Company<br />
50 Essex Street<br />
Rochelle Park, NJ 07662<br />
(800) 343-1218<br />
(617) 937-0200 (Mass.)
Tubeway is an insidious invasion route<br />
created by beings from a parallel universe ·<br />
a strange, geometric universe. You're trap·<br />
ped on the rim as their fleet swarms out of<br />
the warp on a voyage of conquest <strong>The</strong><br />
battle is yours alone · and it's far from easy<br />
because normal strategy doesn't work ...<br />
you have to fight by their strange, geomet·<br />
ric rules · $34.95.<br />
Data most<br />
9748 Cozycroft Avenue<br />
Chatsworth, CA 91311<br />
(213) 709-1202<br />
Transylvania, (Pardon me, Boy; is this<br />
the .. . ) Transport yourself to the dark <strong>for</strong>est<br />
of Transylvania, where mystery lurks<br />
behind every towering tree, and venture to<br />
rescue a damsel in distress. Transylvania<br />
uses over 100 colors and fine Hi-Res graphics<br />
to present a true challenge and hours<br />
of enjoyment to all adventurers.<br />
Penguin Software<br />
830 4th Avenue<br />
Geneva, IL 60134<br />
(312) 232-1g84<br />
Players must face a challenging series of<br />
environments in Time Traveler. <strong>The</strong>y include:<br />
the Athens of Pericles, Imperial<br />
Rome, Nebuchadnezzar's Babylon, lkhnaton'<br />
s Egypt, Jerusalem at the time of the<br />
crucifixion, <strong>The</strong> Crusades, Machiavelli's Italy,<br />
the French Revolution, the American Revo·<br />
lution, and the English Civil War. Deal with<br />
Hitler's Third Reich, Vikings, etc. Players<br />
may set level of difficulty. Each game is<br />
unique - $24.95<br />
Krell Software Corp<br />
1320 Stony Brook Road<br />
Stony Brook, NY 11 790<br />
(516) 751-5139<br />
Starcross, a science fiction computer ad·<br />
venture, lets you dock with a starship from<br />
the outer fringes of our galaxy and gain<br />
access to its mysterious interior. Sold in a<br />
unique flying saucer-shaped package, the<br />
game comes with everything players need<br />
to enter the 22nd Century. A new feature is<br />
the addition of a full-color chart, which is<br />
needed to successfully complete the game.<br />
Adventures in the lnterlogic series incorporate<br />
software that permits players to use<br />
complete sentences, rather than the stan·<br />
dard two-word commands.<br />
lnfocom, lnc-:1<br />
Zork III, a new prose adventure in the<br />
lnterlogic series, completes the trilogy of<br />
Zork personal computer games. You are<br />
returned to the Great Underground Empire<br />
where a confrontation with <strong>The</strong> Dungeon<br />
Master looms.<br />
lnfocom, Inc.<br />
55 Wheeler Street<br />
Cambridge, MA 02138<br />
(617) 492-1031<br />
"21" is a Blackjack program unique in its<br />
ability to teach card counting strategies<br />
with more precision and speed than pre·<br />
viously possible. Five proven strategies are<br />
taught, e·ach with increasing complexity.<br />
Twelve user-alterable rules enable learning<br />
strategies specific to any casino in the<br />
world. Incorrect player actions are signaled<br />
and remembered <strong>for</strong> subsequent use. Other<br />
learning aids are also included, and of<br />
course normal casino-style black-jack can<br />
be played at any time. Comprehensive<br />
manual wtih 42 Las Vegas Casino game<br />
rules $10. Applicable to software purchase<br />
only $80.00. Requires CP/ M with cursor<br />
addressable screen.<br />
Xanadu Engineering<br />
1653 Minorca<br />
Costa Mesa, CA 92626<br />
(714) 641 -0686<br />
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-<br />
<strong>The</strong> Ultimate APPLE® Utility Program<br />
COPY II PLUS<br />
Now you can back up your protected software.<br />
Copy II Plus is the most sophisticated bit copy program<br />
available. It handles synchronized tracks, half<br />
tracks, nibble counting, bit insertion and other protection<br />
schemes. It also includes a comprehensive<br />
discussion of disk <strong>for</strong>mat and protection techniques,<br />
and instructions on how to back-up dozens of<br />
popular programs. A disk system and speed check<br />
assure your drives are running in top condition<br />
and a nibble editor will allow you to repair damaged<br />
diskettes, analyze protection schemes, etc.<br />
<strong>The</strong> last DOS utility disk you will need. Fully<br />
menu driven, the Copy II Plus utilities include a<br />
catalog display with binary file addresses and<br />
lengths, a disk usage map, and the ability to verify<br />
anc\ compare files <strong>for</strong> differences. It can copy,<br />
lock, unlock and delete files and DOS can be<br />
copied, or removed from a disk to free up space.<br />
You can change the greeting program on a DOS<br />
disk, or initialize a disk from scratch. <strong>The</strong> Copy II<br />
Plus sector editor will allow you to view and<br />
modify data in either hex or ASCII <strong>for</strong>mat.<br />
For your convenience, Copy II Plus is not copy protected <strong>for</strong> backup.<br />
Available at fine computer and software stores or direct from:<br />
r? ~[t!]u~&JL, ~@l[ti]u<br />
~ Software, Inc.<br />
P.O. Box 19730-203<br />
Portland, OR 97219<br />
(503) 244-5782<br />
Attention current Copy II Plus owners: Return your original disk with $19.95 <strong>for</strong> an update to Version 4.0.<br />
Attention IBM PC owners: Call us about backing up your protected software with Copy II PC!<br />
-·-•-•-•-•-·-•-•-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-•-•cm•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-
Graphics<br />
Higher Text Extended, in conjunction with<br />
Higher Text II allows you to add text to an<br />
existing picture or design textual display<br />
picture. Use all of the features of the original<br />
Higher Text II but in a very easy, "user·<br />
friendly" environment Provides instantan·<br />
eous center, left, or right justification of text<br />
on a line·by·line basis. Prevents you from<br />
accidentally scrolling or destroying your<br />
picture. Presents you with several menus<br />
which list all of the available options.<br />
Provides temporary storage of your picture<br />
as it is being developed with instantaneous<br />
recall should you make an error. lncorpor·<br />
ates extensive error-trapping. Change fonts<br />
at any time. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus with<br />
48K and DOS 3.3, and Higher Text II.<br />
$22.50 from:<br />
C & H Video<br />
110 W. Caracas Avenue<br />
Hershey, PA 1 7033<br />
(717) 533·8480<br />
Utilize the full graphic potential of your<br />
printer with Zoom Grafix Hi·Res graphics<br />
screen printing package with support <strong>for</strong> a<br />
wide range of printers. One package works<br />
with over 600 combinations of printers and<br />
interfaces. Print positve/ negative, upright/<br />
sideways on either Hi·Res screen. You<br />
control ;;ize and proportions. A "zoom<br />
window" feature allows you to frame and<br />
see the specific area of the hi·res screen to<br />
be printed. Automatic centering and select·<br />
able margins, and keyboard <strong>for</strong>ms control.<br />
Prints charts, graphs or pictures · $39.95.<br />
Phoenix Software, Inc.<br />
64 Lake Zurich Drive<br />
Lake Zurich, IL 60047<br />
(312) 438-4850<br />
Micromap II is used on a microcomputer to<br />
make maps: colored and textured area<br />
maps, contour maps, 3·D polyhedron or<br />
proportional circle maps, and statistical<br />
charts and graphs and perspective views of<br />
digital terrain models. Micromap II is written<br />
in <strong>Apple</strong>soft and requires 48K of memory<br />
and DOS 3.3 · $650.00. <strong>The</strong> discrete map·<br />
ping and contour sections are available <strong>for</strong><br />
$350.00.<br />
Morgan-Fairfield Graphics<br />
P. 0. Box 5457<br />
Seattle, WA 981 05<br />
(206) 632,1374<br />
Graphmagic creates diagrams from math·<br />
ematical data. Pie charts, line graphs, bar<br />
graphs, and scatter diagrams are among<br />
the options. <strong>The</strong> program is compatible<br />
with DIF data. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K<br />
and DOS 3.3 · $100.00<br />
International Software Marketing<br />
120 E. Washington Street, Suite 421<br />
University Bldg<br />
Syracuse, NY 13202<br />
Font Generator/// is a user-oriented pro·<br />
gram that was designed to incorporate<br />
many of the <strong>Apple</strong> / / /'s powerful built·in<br />
features to help in the designing of charac·<br />
ter fonts. With it you can test out how your<br />
font would look be<strong>for</strong>e it is saved, and also<br />
check out how your font would look in<br />
different text modes, even with different<br />
<strong>for</strong>eground and background colors. As<br />
many as ten character fonts may be loaded<br />
at one time. Also has the capability of<br />
copying characters from one font into<br />
another one· $40.00. A character Font disk<br />
is <strong>for</strong>thcoming.<br />
Apollo Software<br />
6338 Wisteria Lane<br />
Apollo Beach, FL 33570<br />
(813) 645·3153<br />
Languages (Programming)<br />
System/ ASM 3A is an Assembly language<br />
development system <strong>for</strong> beginning ma·<br />
chine language programmers and estab·<br />
lished professionals. It is inexpensive enough<br />
<strong>for</strong> dabblers yet powerful enough <strong>for</strong> seri·<br />
ous applications. Offers a quick two pass<br />
assembler, full screen editor, core resident<br />
programs, Disk II support <strong>for</strong> storing pro·<br />
grams, Silentype support <strong>for</strong> hardcopy list·<br />
ings, Language card support, and a 28<br />
page manual. Object disk with manual ·<br />
$35.00. Manual only· $5.00. At any time a<br />
bonafide owner may obtain the current<br />
release of the system <strong>for</strong> $5.00. Requires an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II with 48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Mike Piaser Company<br />
13400 Thraves<br />
Garfield Heights OH 44125.:<br />
Quic-N-Easi PRO is a complete applica·<br />
tions development system <strong>for</strong> the CP/M<br />
operating system. <strong>The</strong> package is designed<br />
to help professional programmers make a<br />
lot more money by multiplying productivity.<br />
Handles <strong>for</strong>matting data entry, data base<br />
management, in<strong>for</strong>mation processing and<br />
report generation. Requires a Z80, CP/M,<br />
64K, 2 drives and an addressable cursor ·<br />
$399.50. Specify system and disc size.<br />
Quic·N·Easi Products, Inc.<br />
136 Granite Hill Court<br />
Langhorne, PA 19047<br />
(215) 968·5966<br />
Full FORTH Plus <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> is a full<br />
implementation of FIG FORTH plus a 6502<br />
conditional assembler, integer and floating<br />
point arithmetic, string manipulation words,<br />
IF·DO, cursor controlled screen editor, sin·<br />
le and multi-dimensional arrays, disk virtual<br />
memory, and more. Complete documenta·<br />
tion includes installation guide and tutorial.<br />
An 86 page user's manual is included as is<br />
a one year free subscription to the full FORTH<br />
newsletter · $100.00 plus $2.50 shipping.<br />
IDPC Company<br />
Box 11594<br />
Philadelphia, PA 19116<br />
(215) 676·3235<br />
ALD System II is an Assembly language<br />
development system. Both the editor and<br />
assembler are resident in RAM at the same<br />
time. <strong>The</strong> editor supports the conventional<br />
fields used in assembly language. Features<br />
auto field tabbing, comments, standard<br />
Opcode mnemonics. Permits saving, re·<br />
calling (using a "speed·reader" <strong>for</strong> fast<br />
loading), inserting and concatenating<br />
source files and source file segments.<br />
User's manual is very user friendly and<br />
complete. Assembler works faster than<br />
most on the market today · $75.00.<br />
In soft<br />
10175 Southwest Barbur Blvd., Suite 2026<br />
Portland, OR 97219<br />
Micro-Window uses.Hi· Res graphics to dis·<br />
play a programming model which shows,<br />
in binary, the contents of all 6502 registers<br />
as machine language instructions are exe·<br />
cuted. It completely simulates a micropro·<br />
cessor system with 2K of RAM starting at<br />
address zero. Programs can be loaded into<br />
the 2K RAM and run while observing their<br />
execution in the model, or instructions can<br />
be entered one at a time and immediately<br />
executed to see their effect on the current<br />
state of the model. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus<br />
with 48K and DOS 3.3 · $120.00.<br />
Window Research<br />
13452-A N.E. 175th, Suite 218<br />
Woodinville, WA 98072<br />
Menu Generator is a software package <strong>for</strong><br />
developing computer menu programs on<br />
the <strong>Apple</strong> IL It is a tool <strong>for</strong> organizing<br />
program disks and customizing computer<br />
operations. It is easy to use and requires no<br />
programming to develop professional<br />
menus. It can store data <strong>for</strong> up to 150<br />
menus. New menus can be developed<br />
using data from existing menus as defaults.<br />
Its data base has a unique file selection<br />
method <strong>for</strong> adding, editing and deleting<br />
menus. Requires a 48K <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus, one<br />
disk drive, DOS 3.3 and optional printer ·<br />
$39.95.<br />
Crane Software, Inc.<br />
16835 Algonquin, Suite 611<br />
Huntington Beach, CA 92649<br />
(714) 846·8005<br />
Personal<br />
Decision is a very friendly program that<br />
guides you to a decision by your response<br />
to a series of questions. It can help you with<br />
personal decisions such as what car to buy,<br />
where to live, where to go on vacation, who<br />
to date, what printer to buy, etc. Or it can<br />
help you with business decisions such as<br />
86 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
which products to develop, where to locate,<br />
who to hire, whether to incorporate, etc.<br />
Although this program can be fun to use<br />
ancj provide hours of entertainment, the<br />
outcome is based on sound decision matrix<br />
theory and will there<strong>for</strong>e give you a valid<br />
objective decision based on your answers<br />
to ·its questions. Copyable <strong>for</strong> personal<br />
backup. $29.00 from:<br />
Savant Software<br />
P. 0. Box 42888<br />
Suite 64<br />
Houston, TX 77042<br />
Household Inventory Program <strong>for</strong> the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II will store every household items'<br />
serial replacement cost and more - $30.00.<br />
Specify printer model. $30.<br />
SF A Enterprises. Inc.<br />
P. 0. Box 33511<br />
Northglenn, CO 80233<br />
Pathfinder II is a satellite tracking package<br />
<strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus. Enables you to track<br />
circular orbit satellites in real time on a<br />
world or U.S. map, or print all data tables<br />
and maps on your Epson MX Printer. It can<br />
rapidy predict accessible orbits, reference<br />
orbits and all orbits between user specified<br />
dates. Rapidly compute AOS time, LOS<br />
time. time in range, maximum elevation.<br />
CPA time, and CPA range. Maintains a disk<br />
resident data base of satellite reference<br />
data. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II plus with 48K,<br />
DOS 3.3, Epson MX80 JR100 printer.<br />
Includes a comprehensive users manual -<br />
$34.95.<br />
<strong>Computer</strong> Applications<br />
3628 A Court<br />
Oxnard, CA 93033<br />
Psychological Diary includes a diary keeper,<br />
dream interpreter, personality/ relationship<br />
testing, super-sophisticated ELIZA, all<br />
programmed by psychotherapists using<br />
techniques from contemporary therapeutic<br />
schools. <strong>The</strong> diary is locked by a usersupplied<br />
password. Featµres a search feature<br />
<strong>for</strong> user indexing. Saves entries on disk<br />
or prints on printer. Written in machine<br />
language <strong>for</strong>fastest execution. For personal<br />
growth and self-exploration only; not a<br />
substitute <strong>for</strong> professional psychotherapy -<br />
$39.95.<br />
Psychological Systems<br />
1519 Burlington Road<br />
Cleveland Heights, OH 44118<br />
Utilities<br />
Master Utility Disk contains over 20 specialty<br />
routines to help you use your <strong>Apple</strong> II<br />
Plus 48K more effectively. Includes Copy<br />
Disk, Alphabetize Disk Catalog, Disk Utilities,<br />
Disk Freespace, File Address Finder,<br />
Morespace, Undelete, Load DOS, Wide<br />
Catalog, Track Files, Menu Generator,<br />
Memory Display and Search, a random<br />
number seeder, Search One Character,<br />
Line Cross Reference, Program Re-Create,<br />
a quick letter-writing program, Concatenate.<br />
Explains how to write self modifying<br />
programs and shows you how to change<br />
your boot program name - $69.95. ·<br />
WM Enterprises<br />
9348 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 101<br />
Beverly Hills, CA 90210<br />
(213) 273-3412<br />
<strong>The</strong>re are many new enhancement programs<br />
like Renumber, Print Using and Sort,<br />
as well as lots of other useful assembly<br />
language routines, many using the ampersand.<br />
<strong>The</strong> &.LIFIER will load up to 255<br />
Assembly language routines directly from<br />
disk and relocate the Assembly language<br />
code. It also will create a menu of "&"<br />
IJ<br />
SAMS<br />
BOOKS<br />
,.<br />
instructions so that more than one routine<br />
can be used at the same time - $39.95.<br />
Software Technology<br />
11350 McCormick Road<br />
Hunt Valley, MD 21031<br />
(301) 666-3239<br />
Clockware provides Pascal support <strong>for</strong> the<br />
Prometheus Versacard Clock/ CalE;mdar.<br />
Af<strong>for</strong>ds simple access from <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal<br />
programs to all Versacard time and date<br />
functions. <strong>The</strong> Clock may be assigned to<br />
any slot Can be used as external procedures<br />
or added to your SYSTEM.LIBRARY<br />
as an Intrinsic Unit (instructions included).<br />
Includes a variety of demo programs to<br />
read time and date and aµtomatically update<br />
the system's date on disk at boot time.<br />
No need to use Filer's Data keyin any<br />
longer. Includes a Hi-Res clock face demo<br />
program, source code <strong>for</strong> demo programs<br />
and a full 20 page user manual - $25. <strong>Apple</strong><br />
SAMS LIGHTENS YOUR<br />
PROGRAMMING LOAD.<br />
If you're serious about programming but don't enjoy<br />
the tedium of setting up subroutines and functions,<br />
THE PROGRAMMER from Sams is the answer.<br />
THE PROGRAMMER is a BASIC code-generator which is<br />
powerful, highly versatile and easy-to-use.<br />
It provides a programming "shorthand" which takes<br />
your ideas and writes the appropriate lines of BASIC. So<br />
programming is fast and error-free.<br />
Through a series of "menus", you can select the<br />
direction or function you want the program to per<strong>for</strong>m.<br />
Code is generated as you go along. So you can stop and<br />
make changes without destroying your previous work.<br />
When you've finished a program, save it on another<br />
disk <strong>for</strong> future use, and begin creating again.<br />
THE PROGRAMMER comes with a complete instruction<br />
book which clearly ~xplains how to create programs <strong>for</strong><br />
almost any application.<br />
Lighten your programming load with THE<br />
PROGRAMMER. It works with the <strong>Apple</strong> 11 Plus®<br />
and the IBM® Personal <strong>Computer</strong>. GetTHE<br />
PROGRAMMER at your local software retailer or<br />
call (800) 428-3696 or (317) 298-5566 and reference<br />
AD291.<br />
THE PROGRAMMER, No. 26077, $199.95<br />
SAMS BOOKS AND SOFTWARE<br />
Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.<br />
4300 West 62nd Street, P.O. Box 7092<br />
Indianapolis. IN 46206<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II Plus is a registered trademark of <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc. IBM is a registered<br />
trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. In Canada, contact Lenbr.ook<br />
Industries. Ltd .• Scarborough. Ontario.
CP/ M version is under development<br />
RCM Software<br />
815 Friendship Drive<br />
New Concord, OH 43762<br />
Freeloader will link rriachine language rou·<br />
tines to your <strong>Apple</strong>soft programs. It can<br />
also call relocatable or non-relocatable rou·<br />
tines by name, number or location and save<br />
and link referenced library packs of utilities.<br />
Resolve memory conflicts at run time.<br />
Links up to 255 utilities, shape tables, etc.<br />
Menu driven and user friendly. Unlimited<br />
personal backups. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> 11 ·.wi,th<br />
48K and DOS 3.3 or 3.2. $30.00 plus $2.00<br />
handling.<br />
Diskos Software<br />
P. 0. Box 190<br />
Hanover, NH 03755<br />
Disk· Lock is a revolutionary new hardware<br />
device <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II Plus that offers the<br />
end user the ultimate in computer privacy.<br />
Although it is extremely simple to use and<br />
completely self-contained (requiring no<br />
program disk), Disk-Lock provides the prudent<br />
user all the protection of the NBS<br />
approved Data Encryption Standar.d (DES)<br />
algorithm. Each comes with its own unique<br />
access password. Once access is establish·<br />
ed through the password entry, the user is<br />
free to choose his own encoding key em·<br />
ploying from 1 to 8 characters of the <strong>Apple</strong><br />
keyboard. Can be used from within any<br />
BASIC or machine language program. All<br />
file types are handled and are changed to<br />
file type " S" when encoded. Two versions<br />
are available · one will encode a 50 sector<br />
file in 33 seconds, the other will do the task<br />
in 13 seconds.<br />
Orange County Technology Associates,<br />
Ltd.<br />
P. 0. Box 17274<br />
Irvine, CA 92713<br />
(714) 559-5381<br />
Disk Inspector runs under Z80 CP/ M <strong>for</strong><br />
disk inspection and modification. Acts as a<br />
full screen editor <strong>for</strong> diskettes. Displays<br />
sectors on the screen in both character and<br />
hex <strong>for</strong>mats. You can make changes and<br />
rewrite the sector. Although rnskJnspect9r<br />
runs under CP / M you can inspect and alter<br />
normal (non CP/ M) <strong>Apple</strong> diskettes, as<br />
well. <strong>The</strong> disk drives may be single or<br />
double density, single or double sided. A<br />
Comprehensive manual will show you how<br />
to recover an erased file, modify a directory<br />
entry, clean up a directory, utilize the CP/ M<br />
auto-load feature, create multiple directory<br />
entries, read and modify non CP/ M dis·<br />
kettes, etc. Requires an 80 x 24 screen ·<br />
$29.95.<br />
Overbeek Enterprises<br />
P. 0. Box 726<br />
Elgin, IL 60120<br />
<strong>The</strong> CP/ M Card plugs CP/ M Plus into your<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>. Gives you the option of running your<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II with the speed and capability of a<br />
professional Z80 system with CP/ M com·<br />
patible software. This card gives you instant<br />
access to the world's largest selection of<br />
88 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
microcomputer software· more than 3,000<br />
CP/ M compatible applications, languages,<br />
and programming utilities, yet you still have<br />
access to your present library of <strong>Apple</strong><br />
software. Together, the ultra-fast card and<br />
CP/ M Plus run applications up to 300%<br />
faster than your <strong>Apple</strong> system. Includes<br />
64K of on-board memory, CP/ M Plus,<br />
CBASIC, GSX-80 and full documentation ·<br />
<strong>for</strong> just $399 .' . .<br />
Advanced Logic Systems<br />
1195 East Arques Avenue<br />
Sunnyvale, CA 94086<br />
(800f538·8177 or (408) 730-0306 (CA)<br />
SXR Plus helps write or change <strong>Apple</strong>soft<br />
programs. It is a sorted cross reference<br />
utility that helps you debug, modify and<br />
optimize programs. Tailor SXR Plus to your<br />
needs while utilizing its many important<br />
features including Search · $39.95.<br />
Prasek <strong>Computer</strong> Systems, Inc.<br />
P. 0 . Box 2427<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95055<br />
(408) 554-0420<br />
Simple*DOS eliminates the need to know<br />
DOS. Simply and easily creates and retrieves<br />
<strong>Apple</strong>soft usable files. <strong>The</strong> system builds<br />
your text file(s). Simple report and listing<br />
capability built in. User interface in BASIC<br />
allows you to build simple and quick pro·<br />
grams. Use immediately. No need to read<br />
thick user manuals · $49.95. Requires an<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
Softstalker<br />
1376 Overlook Drive<br />
Steamboat Springs, CO 80477<br />
(800) 522·1500<br />
David·DOS allows 500% faster loading of<br />
Text, Integer, <strong>Apple</strong>soft & Binary files and<br />
six powerful extra commands in DOS 3.3.<br />
Automatically supports an Integer or Ap·<br />
plesoft ROM Card in any slot. Speed loads<br />
all text files, or lists to screen or printer.<br />
Dump binary/ ASCII to screen or printer,<br />
disassembles binary to screen/ printer,<br />
prints program address & IE:ngth. HIDOS<br />
DOS command moves itself to 16K RAM<br />
card. Catalog free space is also provided a~<br />
an option, Installs in seconds on any disk·<br />
$39.95. Requires an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with<br />
48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
David Data<br />
12021 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 212<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90025<br />
(213) 478-7865<br />
Word Processing<br />
<strong>The</strong> Random House ProofReader is based<br />
. on the famous Random House Dictionary.<br />
It is the result of decades of careful work. It<br />
was adapted <strong>for</strong> computer spelling check·<br />
ing by professional editors, linguists and<br />
scholars · so you can depend on it. It shows<br />
you the error and the sentence ifs in and<br />
even let's you correct the mistake without<br />
re-editing. And if you don't know how to<br />
spell a word, it suggests the spelling. It even<br />
corrects your correction. Comes in sizes to<br />
fit all systems: 20,000 words (55K), 32,000<br />
words (1 OSK), and 80,000 words (180K).<br />
You can add your own words with a single<br />
keystroke. Works with all CP/ M word pro·<br />
cessors · $50.00.<br />
Random House ProofReader<br />
Box 339-M<br />
Tijeras, NM 87059<br />
(212) 564-0746<br />
Bank Street Writer turns your <strong>Apple</strong> com·<br />
puter into a powerfu_l ,wqrd processor, with<br />
many advanced features. Bank Street Writ·<br />
er has no c0mplex cocles to memorize. <strong>The</strong><br />
screen guides you every step of thE: way.<br />
Features automatic word wrap, so you<br />
don't have to hyphenate or «RETURN » at<br />
the end of each line, potent print <strong>for</strong>mat<br />
routines all in memory, automatic center·<br />
ing and index, universal search and replace,<br />
password protection, cjocument chaining,<br />
page headers and automatic page number·<br />
ing, upper and lowercase without additional<br />
hardware. Complete with tutorial and utility<br />
programs and a comprE:hensive reference<br />
manual and a free back·up disk. Requires<br />
an <strong>Apple</strong> II or II Plus with 48K and DOS 3.3.<br />
Broderbund Software<br />
1938 Fourth Street<br />
San Rafael, CA 94901<br />
(415) 456-6424<br />
Glossaryone gives <strong>Apple</strong>writer II I Epson<br />
users the ability to print in various modes,<br />
emphasized printing, double strike, double<br />
width, compressed width, sub·/ super·<br />
scripts, italics, underlining. Do all this and<br />
more easily and painlessly without spend·<br />
ing hours reading manuals and memoriz·<br />
ing escape cocles using Glossaryone and<br />
the glossary feature of your <strong>Apple</strong>writer II<br />
software. For disk and simple instructions<br />
send $12.95.<br />
Glossaryone<br />
#J Jo-Lin Ctr.<br />
El Sobrante, CA 94611<br />
Books/ Catalogs<br />
<strong>The</strong> Survival Kit <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong><br />
Games covers most popular home com·<br />
puter games in four categories· adventure,<br />
arcade, fantasy, and strategy. For each<br />
game you'll find detailed descriptions, win·<br />
ning strategies, tips from experts, and a<br />
quality rating. Packed with plenty of cha!·<br />
lenges <strong>for</strong> avowed computer game .freaks.<br />
All the games run on an <strong>Apple</strong>, and hard·<br />
ware specs tell you at a glance what other<br />
machines can be used · $9.95.<br />
Wadsworth Electronic Publishing Company<br />
1 0 Davis Drive<br />
Belmont, CA 94002<br />
(800) 322-2208
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INTHE<br />
UNITED STATES<br />
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL<br />
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 1491 SANTA CLARA, CA<br />
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE<br />
S,APPI£ Orchard<br />
--=--=---- 908 George Street<br />
Santa Oara, CA 95050
If you like "talking" to your<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> by pushing keys and looking<br />
at a screen, you'll like the ~<br />
real thing - computer~generated<br />
speech-even more.<br />
For home use, there's<br />
nothing like the friendliness<br />
of the spoken word <strong>for</strong> '<br />
learning languages, teaching<br />
children to read, or<br />
playing video games. And _<br />
around the office, you'll appreciate the convenience of<br />
· synthesized speech <strong>for</strong> announcing important messages<br />
you tnay miss on the screen, relaying status in<strong>for</strong>mation,<br />
answering telephone inquiries, and a host of other<br />
routine tasks. ·<br />
Now you can do all these things - and more ~with<br />
. our new SSB-APPLE Speech Synthesis Board. All at a<br />
price that won't leave you speechless:·$195.;? .· .·<br />
At a fraction of the price of other ~speech synthe-,<br />
sizers, the SSB-APPLE features the largest vocabulary<br />
available today <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II: 1200 word~. · enafiljng<br />
you to create virtually any mes-<br />
. sage. you want. And because<br />
we use Texas Instruments'<br />
.high-per<strong>for</strong>mance. TMS5220<br />
speech chip-coupled with<br />
an on-board 'amplifier and<br />
external high-Quality speaker<br />
-you also get the most<br />
natural sounding voice<br />
quality around.<br />
. But don't take' our word<br />
<strong>for</strong> it. Take your <strong>Apple</strong>'s. To order, call toll-free (800) 538- ----<br />
1542;, ~Cali<strong>for</strong>nia ; (408) 773-8400 1 . O•r 1 wr.ite. ·u 11 s 1 to.da.y.<br />
Easy to inst~U and to actfvate trom any BASIC program.<br />
the ssa:'APPLE kit comes,complete With every-<br />
thing you need to make a dumb <strong>Apple</strong> articulate. board.<br />
.hjgh-quality speaker arid cable, digitized dictionary<br />
·· (on 51/4-inch floppies}, and handy reference manual.<br />
,_ MULTIT£CH '.'<br />
·,, ELECTRONICS<br />
Mqltitech Electronics, Inc., 19§. West El Camino Real,<br />
Sunn~ale, CA 94086 , · _ ·<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II is a registered trademark of <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong>, Inc. Dealer.inquiries welcome.<br />
'
<strong>Apple</strong> FORTRAl'I manual presents complete<br />
and specific details <strong>for</strong> the use of<br />
FORTRAN on an <strong>Apple</strong> 11. This manual<br />
contains in<strong>for</strong>mation on keyword use, program<br />
statements, edit descriptors, block<br />
statements, and a look at the <strong>Apple</strong> hardware<br />
needed. Immediately useable FORTRAN<br />
business and scientific programs are presented<br />
- $17.95.<br />
Howard W. Sams & Co. Inc.<br />
4300 West 62nd Street<br />
Indianapolis, IN 46206<br />
(317) 298-5400<br />
Free newsletter/ catalog contains tips, techniques,<br />
news and in<strong>for</strong>mation about the<br />
world of <strong>Apple</strong> Pascal. Includes at least one<br />
free Pascal program listing in every issue.<br />
Also describes low cost utilities, games,<br />
etc., written in Pascal and assembler. Described<br />
programs include source code, documentation,<br />
and example uses. Send your<br />
name and address to:<br />
Kingdom <strong>Computer</strong> Concepts<br />
P. 0 . Box 182<br />
St Johnsbury Center VT 05863<br />
Programmer's Guide To CP/ M is an<br />
important collection of CP/ M insights that<br />
you'll never find in any CP/ M manual. Tells<br />
you what these enhancements are and how<br />
to put them to use, how to get around<br />
apparent limitations of a CP/ M system and<br />
why CP/ M is far more versatile than you<br />
might have imagined. Every article in this<br />
guide originally appeared in Microsystems<br />
between January 1980 and February 1982.<br />
Except <strong>for</strong> this collection, these articles are<br />
now unavailable. Contents include an introduction,<br />
software reviews, utilities and enhancement,<br />
CP/ M 86 and software directories.<br />
200 pages - $12.95.<br />
Creative Computing<br />
39 East Hanover Avenue<br />
Morris Plains, NJ 07950<br />
LAMP is a bi-monthly index to approximately<br />
100 computer publications. An outstanding<br />
feature is the subject index, crossreferenced<br />
to provide the most comprehensive<br />
listing and ease of retrieval. All<br />
articles are read <strong>for</strong> subject content and<br />
then listed with as many cross references as<br />
required to retrieve the article. An author<br />
index lists individual names while the review<br />
index covers book reviews, hardware, software<br />
and educational courseware. It lists<br />
the source of the review and translates the<br />
written review into a 1- to 5-star rating. Each<br />
issue contains approximately 200 pages. A<br />
year end issue is cumulative and includes<br />
the in<strong>for</strong>mation from the previous 5 issues -<br />
$69.95/ year.<br />
Soft Images<br />
200 Route 17<br />
Mahwah, NJ 07430<br />
(800) 526-9042 or (201) 529-1440 (NJ)<br />
Create Word Puzzles With Your Microcomputer<br />
by Ernest E. Mau is a collection<br />
of puzzle programs that allow a personal<br />
computer to create acrostics, cryptograms,<br />
word-find, quote-falls, fall-ins, and other<br />
word puzzles. <strong>The</strong> book's 17 Microsoft<br />
BASIC programs produce 25 puzzles. <strong>The</strong><br />
word puzzles are either blank with answer<br />
keys or printouts following puzzle magazine<br />
<strong>for</strong>mat <strong>The</strong> book's programs are designed<br />
to handle large alphabetic data bases which<br />
are <strong>for</strong>med from word and quotation files<br />
created by the user. <strong>The</strong> puzzles are constructed<br />
from the data bases. Programs are<br />
fully documented. 7 x 9 %-inch paperback,<br />
304 pages, $14.95.<br />
Hayden Book Company, Inc.<br />
How to Cope With <strong>Computer</strong>s by Tom<br />
Logsdon is an entertaining, yet in<strong>for</strong>mative,<br />
discussion of the impact of computers on<br />
our daily lives and the future of our society.<br />
Humorous anecdotes illustrate the tactics<br />
individuals use to cope with computers -<br />
from mainframes to micros. Includes a<br />
brief history of the computer, explanations<br />
of hardware and software, and an introduction<br />
to programming in BASIC. An overview<br />
of computer career opportunities is<br />
also provided. <strong>The</strong> author combines wit<br />
and wisdom to ease the anxieties of the<br />
coming computer age. <strong>The</strong> book concludes<br />
with the advantages of buying and<br />
operating a personal microcomputer <strong>for</strong><br />
the home. Paperback, 131 pages, $7.95.<br />
Hayden Book Company, Inc.<br />
50 Essex Street<br />
Rochelle Park, NJ 07662<br />
(201) 843-0550<br />
ls the publication explosion bugging you?<br />
Now you can get up-to-date abstracts of<br />
features, hardware/ software, book reviews,<br />
programs, etc. from popular micro publications.<br />
Search and select your topics of<br />
interest Focus is mainly on systems, business,<br />
utility, education, home, technical,<br />
and occasionally, games. Subscribe to PEEK<br />
- the Journal of Micro Abstracts <strong>for</strong><br />
$30.00 per year.<br />
PEEK<br />
C. Ckovronek, Editor<br />
88 Moraine Road<br />
Morris Plains, NJ 07950<br />
Pryor computer supplies and accessories<br />
catalog is now available. <strong>The</strong>y carry binder<br />
needs, storage drawers and cabinets, static<br />
control mats, CRT trays, dust covers, word<br />
processing supplies, CRT screen filters,<br />
tape storage racks and cabinets, voltage<br />
regulators, security locks, paper, ribbons,<br />
print wheels, diskettes, cartridges, furniture,<br />
etc.<br />
Pryor Corporation<br />
400 N. Michigan Avenue<br />
Chicago, IL 60611<br />
Meet <strong>The</strong> <strong>Computer</strong> is a different instruction<br />
book <strong>for</strong> young people. Written by an<br />
experienced elementary teacher <strong>for</strong> the<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> II or TRS-80. Would you rather have<br />
the children control the computer instead
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INSURANCE FROM VOLTAGE SPIKES· GLITCHES<br />
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PROTECT COMPUTER. DISK DRIVE ·'PRINTER AND MONITOR<br />
NO CUTIING WIRES • WON'T VOID WARRANTY, JUST PLUG IN SUPERFAN 11 WITH ZENER RAY<br />
•Registered trademark of <strong>Apple</strong> <strong>Computer</strong> Inc.<br />
ONE YEAR WARRANTY• VISA/MASTERCARD<br />
~LECTRONICS, INC.<br />
$595
of the machine controlling them? If you<br />
haven't the time, or are not sure how to<br />
teach them, this book will provide the help<br />
you need. Help elementary age children<br />
learn BASIC programming with little or no<br />
assistance from adults. Important concepts<br />
are set off in boxes, and repeated through·<br />
out the text. Complete cross·referenced<br />
glossary and index to rein<strong>for</strong>ce concepts<br />
and clarify definitions · $9.95 plus $1.50<br />
shipping.<br />
Crabbe Associates<br />
212 W. Graham Avenue<br />
Lombard, IL 60148<br />
Microsoft BASIC, 2nd Edition starts with<br />
an introduction to programming in BASIC,<br />
and a glossary of the computer terms that<br />
are used throughout the book <strong>The</strong> book<br />
describes the latest version of Microsoft<br />
BASIC, release 5.0. It covers such impor·<br />
tant topics as branching and loops, arith·<br />
metic, strings, editing, arrays and files, the<br />
disk and additional useful features. Requires<br />
only a basic understanding of computer<br />
fundamentals. Through examples that ac·<br />
tually run, the reader is shown how this<br />
powerful version of BASIC can save valu·<br />
able programming time and ef<strong>for</strong>t· $14.95.<br />
Dilithium Press<br />
11000 S.W. 11th Street, Suite E<br />
Beaverton, OR 97005<br />
(503) 646·2713<br />
SUBSCRIPTION<br />
INFORMATION<br />
Page 96<br />
Get your own copy of<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> Orchard<br />
in its safe,<br />
winterproof<br />
plastic bag.<br />
(Gotta keep ·em fresh')<br />
<strong>The</strong> National LOGO Exchange is a<br />
monthly newsletter providing teachers with<br />
practical suggestions <strong>for</strong> implementing<br />
LOGO in the classroom. Published Sep·<br />
tember through May, it serves as a <strong>for</strong>um<br />
<strong>for</strong> the exchange of ideas, philosophies,<br />
and techniques of teaching and using<br />
LOGO. Columns by well-known profession·<br />
al educators are featured each month, as<br />
well as practical articles submitted by sub·<br />
scribers. Subscription is $25.00 per year in<br />
the U.S., and $30.00 elsewhere.<br />
<strong>The</strong> National LOGO Exchange<br />
Box 5341<br />
Charlottesville, VA 22905<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong>tree magnetic magazine will<br />
entertain, educate and challenge you. Each<br />
issue features ready to load programs<br />
ranging from games, adventures, home<br />
applications and utilities to personal fi·<br />
nance, educational, and teaching programs.<br />
Includes fully listable programs, a news· '<br />
letter containing descriptions and instructions<br />
<strong>for</strong> all programs, and notes on pro·<br />
gramming techniques used. Diskette $75/<br />
year plus $2.00 <strong>for</strong> postage and handling.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Programmer's Institute<br />
a division of Futurehouse<br />
P.O. Box3191<br />
Chapel Hill, NC 27514<br />
(919) 967·0861<br />
Miscellaneous<br />
Flipper Kit doubles storage capacity of all<br />
your single-sided 5 1/4 and 8 inch diskettes<br />
by allowing physical access to both sides.<br />
At this introductory price, Flipper Kit pays<br />
<strong>for</strong> itself after the first two uses. Guaranteed<br />
results. Complete instructions provided.<br />
Works <strong>for</strong> all DOS and single headed disk<br />
drives· $9.95 (specify disk size).<br />
PB Industries<br />
P. 0. Box 1606<br />
Lafayette, CA 94549<br />
A new slide program telling all about<br />
diskettes is available to personal computer<br />
clubs from 3M's Data Recording Products<br />
Division. <strong>The</strong> quarter·hour presentation<br />
describes diskette construction and shows<br />
the effects of temperature/ humidity ex·<br />
tremes. It also covers typical card and<br />
handling mistakes that cause loss of data<br />
and shorter diskette life. Since microscopic<br />
debris, fingerprints, refreshments and other<br />
commonplace sources of contamination<br />
abound, careful handling is more impor·<br />
tant than many club members realize. <strong>The</strong><br />
slide program may be booked free through<br />
3M representatives, or through authorized<br />
retailers supplying Scotch brand diskettes.<br />
3M<br />
P. 0. Box 33600<br />
St Paul, MN 55133<br />
(800) 328·1369 or (612) 733·9572 (MN)<br />
<strong>The</strong> First Look Collection lets you preview<br />
software <strong>for</strong> 15% of the normal price. Buy<br />
new software at a 20% or more discount.<br />
Choose from a large selection of best<br />
selling games, utilities, and high quality<br />
educational software designed <strong>for</strong> home<br />
use. <strong>The</strong> club is <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> owners who have<br />
a disk drive. For membership in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
and a list of the programs available write:<br />
<strong>The</strong> Halfway House<br />
P. 0. Box 22305<br />
Lexington, KY 40522<br />
(606) 268·8703<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Widows Club of America is<br />
intended to get your " better half' involved<br />
with the computer. Programs on the disk<br />
ette include How Do You Rank, <strong>The</strong> Widow<br />
Glossary, Dear Apply, Take a Break, etc., as<br />
well as in<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>for</strong> beginners and dis·<br />
count software prices. For membership<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation write:<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Widows Club<br />
P. 0 . Box 18936<br />
Shreveport, LA 71138<br />
<strong>The</strong> Big Red <strong>Apple</strong> Club is an <strong>Apple</strong> users<br />
group organized to provide the benefits of<br />
club membership to anyone whom be·<br />
cause of geographic or personal reasons<br />
does not belong to a local <strong>Apple</strong> group.<br />
Benefits include: over 100 disk sides of<br />
public domain software, available to mem·<br />
bers free of charge. Library programs fea·<br />
ture games, utilities, business applications,<br />
etc. <strong>The</strong> Scarlett Letter is a monthly news·<br />
letter containing utilities, technical tips,<br />
educational applications, and product re·<br />
views. Programming hints are given via the<br />
club hot-line to answer programming and<br />
hardware problems. Annual membership<br />
is $12.00. A sample newsletter is $1.00.<br />
Write today <strong>for</strong> details.<br />
Big Red <strong>Apple</strong> Club<br />
1301 N. 19th<br />
Norfolk, NE 68702<br />
(402) 379·3531<br />
Now you can go the " library" <strong>for</strong> software<br />
and check it out be<strong>for</strong>e you buy. For only a<br />
15% fee you can try most of the software<br />
you think you want If you like it, keep it <strong>The</strong><br />
15% acts as your down payment. If not,<br />
return it Your only charge is the 15% fee.<br />
Large selection of more than 300 titles<br />
including business, educational, games,<br />
home, etc. Member discount starts with<br />
15% off retail. All your purchases will be<br />
registered. Your discount will increase with<br />
your purchase volume until you become a<br />
golden member and make substantial sav·<br />
ings in every single software purchase. Free<br />
membership.<br />
92 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
Software Library Learning Center<br />
334 South State Street<br />
Ann Arbor, Ml 48107<br />
(313) 769-7388<br />
Disk Qwik diskette holder gives you quick<br />
access to up to 58 5 1/4-inch diskettes. It<br />
protects from dust and has a convenient<br />
carrying handle. Features EZ write, EZ<br />
erase labels. Made of durable plastic in<br />
black, brown, or blue - $17.95.<br />
Davis <strong>Computer</strong> Products<br />
Box 2258 ·<br />
Provo, UT 84603<br />
Parjon has introduced an abstracting service<br />
<strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> computer. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> has<br />
more publications dedicated to it than any<br />
other small microcomputer. In addition a<br />
number of papers dealing with a wide range<br />
of applications including business, science<br />
and technology, education, and medicine<br />
are published in the specialist journals.<br />
APABS, as the service is called, gathers this<br />
vital in<strong>for</strong>mation in the <strong>for</strong>m of: full reference,<br />
a short summary, and a star marking.<br />
Available as a disk version, a printed version,<br />
and combined disk and printed version.<br />
Parjon<br />
14 Broadway<br />
London SWl H OBH<br />
England<br />
<strong>The</strong> Byte Box is a practical and attractive<br />
designer case <strong>for</strong> the <strong>Apple</strong> II and II Plus. Ifs<br />
unique locking keyboard cover provides<br />
complete program protection with the option<br />
of a built-in cooling fan, line surge<br />
suppressor and plug-ins <strong>for</strong> monitor and<br />
printer. Available in three solid woods (teak,<br />
walnut, and oak) and a complete range of<br />
colorful leather-like laminates tastefully designed<br />
to compliment any home or office<br />
environment Matching single or double<br />
disk-drive cases with the locking feature are<br />
also available.<br />
Kel Tech<br />
34732 Calle Fortuna<br />
Capistrano Beach, CA 92624<br />
(714) 661-0435<br />
<strong>The</strong> Opta-Case is built <strong>for</strong> life. Protect your<br />
<strong>Apple</strong> or other computer hardware while in<br />
transit Interiors of high·density shockabsorbing<br />
Esterfoam, exteriors of industrial<br />
grade plastic laminated to 1/ 4-inch plywood,<br />
steel corners and hardware, custom<br />
extruded aluminum ' edges and valances.<br />
Designed to meet or exceed Air Transport<br />
Association Specification 300 <strong>for</strong> safe travel<br />
under most rigorous handling tests.<br />
Opti-Sound<br />
Rt 6, Box 89C<br />
Henderson, TX 75652<br />
(214) 657-4663<br />
<strong>The</strong> MicroStand is now compatible with the<br />
R H. Electronics Super Fan II, giving you<br />
the best equipment <strong>for</strong> both utility and<br />
ventilation. Solid steel construction and<br />
painted to match the <strong>Apple</strong> in color and<br />
texture. Version 2.2 will organize your <strong>Apple</strong>,<br />
two disk drives and a monitor - $49.95.<br />
Super Fan II - $74.95.<br />
MicroStand·<br />
P. 0. Box 997<br />
Seaside, OR 97138<br />
(800) 547-2107; in Oregon (503) 738·<br />
9601<br />
Were you ever frightened to carry your 5 1/4-<br />
inch floppies out of the security of your<br />
home or office, because of that flimsy<br />
plastic case you keep your discs in? This<br />
carrying case will store and carry 100 discs<br />
safely and securely. Each disc pocket is<br />
surrounded by an inch of high density<br />
foam. Inhibits crushing, jarring, summer's<br />
heat, and winter's cold- $39.95 plus $2.00<br />
shipping.<br />
Unique Software Inc.<br />
P. 0 . Box N<br />
Deer Park, NY 11 729<br />
(516) 666-7577<br />
Epson MX70/ 80 cartridges are available<br />
in black, red, green, blue, and brown. <strong>The</strong>se<br />
are only $5.00 each with a minimum of<br />
three of the same color. Reloaded cartridg·<br />
es are only $2.50 each with a minimum of<br />
12. $30.00 per dozen of the same color.<br />
B.T. Enterprises<br />
lOB Carlough Road<br />
Bohemia, NY 11716<br />
(800) 645-1165 or (516) 567-8155 (NY)<br />
<strong>The</strong> Bridge hardware organizer's unique<br />
design houses 3 disk drives and a monitor.<br />
Fits conveniently over a variety of compu·<br />
ters (clearance 22% x 61/4 inches). Handcrafted<br />
of highest quality solid oak Quick<br />
and easy assembly with patented fastening<br />
system. Money back guarantee - $79.95<br />
plus $4.80 shipping in continental U.S.<br />
Venice Woodworking Company<br />
12810 Venice Blvd., Suite 523<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90066<br />
(213) 390-4885<br />
Distinctive Needlepoint customized with<br />
your favorite computer wizard's name and<br />
authentic equipment, game or program<br />
logo is yours <strong>for</strong> the asking. This unique<br />
design makes an ideal addition to den,<br />
office, or recreation room., Kit includes<br />
printed No. 10 canvas, 100% wool yarn, and<br />
color chart required <strong>for</strong> the 9 x 12-inch<br />
personalized needlepoint Specify name<br />
and logo desired - $29.95 plus $2.50 per kit<br />
<strong>for</strong> postage and handling.<br />
Richardson House Ltd.<br />
77 Ives Street<br />
Providence, RI 02906<br />
Micro Mittens covers your computer with<br />
corduroy. <strong>The</strong>y will custom fit any micro,<br />
mini, or peripheral. Standard colors are<br />
navy and beige, but if the material is<br />
available, you can have any color you want<br />
<strong>for</strong> no additional charge. Cali<strong>for</strong>nia sales tax<br />
included. <strong>Apple</strong> II - $15.00, <strong>Apple</strong> Ill -<br />
$18.00. Most drives - $13.00. Other covers<br />
available <strong>for</strong> Epson printers, etc.<br />
Micro Mittens<br />
P. 0 . Box 10246<br />
San Jose, CA 95157<br />
(408) 374-4364
If you're free between the hours of six and<br />
midnight, make a date with one of the<br />
world's fastest, most powerful online, in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
services - at a fraction of what it<br />
would cost during the business day. All you<br />
pay is a $50 registration fee to receive your<br />
classified user's password. <strong>The</strong>n, any evening,<br />
you can summon up a wealth of<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>for</strong> as little as $6 per hour.<br />
BRS/ After Dark gives you access to the<br />
same comprehensive data files used by<br />
BRS Search Service subscribers. Covers<br />
technical and scientific abstracts, medical<br />
journals, government studies, business indexes,<br />
major newspapers, etc. Also provides<br />
nationwide communication via electronic<br />
mail, shop-at-home services and a<br />
home computer newsletter.<br />
BRS<br />
1200 Rt 7<br />
Latham, NY 12110<br />
(518) 783-1161<br />
Accu- Type II electric copyholder comes<br />
standard with a 15 watt full carriage length<br />
flourescent bulb <strong>for</strong> the 19-inch carriage<br />
model. Both Model I and II are equipped<br />
with a protective isolation filter circuit to<br />
prevent any electrical interference with<br />
computers, word processors and terminals.<br />
This exceptional piece of equipment, is<br />
needed by any keyboard operator to improve<br />
accuracy, speed and com<strong>for</strong>t Both<br />
models have a bi-directional foot pedal, a<br />
standard flourescent bulb, a magnifying<br />
bar with red guide line, and will accept<br />
either standard stationery or continuous<br />
<strong>for</strong>ms, single or stapled sheets. <strong>The</strong>re are<br />
no magnets to harm diskettes. <strong>The</strong> width<br />
capacity of Model I is 14 inches and Model II<br />
is 19 inches.<br />
Amatix Inc.<br />
1263 Westwood Blvd., Suite 202<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90024<br />
(213) 477-0047 or (213) 473-7393<br />
and NEC, Wang, IBM or NBI, as well as<br />
others. A %-inch thick acrylic cover reduces<br />
glare, raises to any position the operator<br />
desires, and also functions as a dust protector.<br />
A quiet fan exhausts machine heat,<br />
while a <strong>for</strong>ms slot in the back panel has<br />
finished edges to permit smooth paper<br />
flow. Prices go from $439.00 to $499 each<br />
with quantity discounts available.<br />
Misco<br />
404 Timber Lane<br />
Marlboro, NJ 07746<br />
(800) 631-2227 or (201) 946-3500 (NJ)<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Stacker is a rack designed to<br />
stack and hold securely your <strong>Apple</strong> II<br />
computer system compactly, and neatly. It<br />
makes any surface a work station. Built<br />
from heavy gauge steel with a chip resistant<br />
finish that compliments your <strong>Apple</strong> II computer.<br />
No need <strong>for</strong> cooling fans in this rack<br />
system as the large open grid of the rack<br />
allows air to flow freely. It will support two<br />
disk drives and a large monitor and has<br />
space to store diskette boxes when not in<br />
use.<br />
Universal Industries<br />
<strong>Computer</strong> Division<br />
P. 0. Box 63188<br />
Los Angeles, CA 90063<br />
(213) 269-2117<br />
Comp-U-Corner utilizes normally wasted<br />
corner space, enabling the user to have a<br />
home computer center without having to<br />
dedicate an entire room to it Features a<br />
choice of wood finish and laminates, printer<br />
paper slots, adjustable shelves and a five<br />
year guarantee. Options available include a<br />
drawer conversion kit, a mounted surge<br />
protector/ outlet run, and a cable organizer -<br />
$475.00. .<br />
John James Furnishings<br />
9015-A Meadow Vista Blvd.<br />
Houston, TX 77064<br />
(713) 469-4508<br />
<strong>The</strong> Disk Crate'" is an inexpensive media<br />
(and manual) storage container. Holds<br />
more than 200 5%-inch diskettes. Made<br />
from durable plastic, it comes with a plastic<br />
tab set Colors: white or beige. Suggested<br />
retail price: $8.95.<br />
International Datawares, Inc.<br />
910 George St<br />
Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
(408) 988-5594<br />
<strong>The</strong> Heat Snatcher is a simple, passive<br />
cooling device that mounts on the power<br />
supply inside of an <strong>Apple</strong> or other type of<br />
micro-computer that uses an enclosed<br />
power supply. It operates without noise or<br />
power consumption. It reduces the operating<br />
temperature of the power supply and<br />
the temperature within the computer cabinet<br />
through the dissipation of the heat As a<br />
result component per<strong>for</strong>mance is more<br />
dependable and power supply life, length·<br />
ened · $9.95.<br />
Juli Company<br />
1415 S. Harlem Avenue<br />
Berwyn, IL 60402<br />
New " knock-down" line of sound enclosures<br />
reduces sound levels <strong>for</strong> word processing<br />
and computer printer terminals. Unit<br />
can be shipped by UPS which saves 60 to<br />
80 percent in shipping costs. Five sound<br />
models are designed to fit Diablo, Qume _<br />
Disk Minders'" are smoke-colored acrylic<br />
disk storage boxes which enhance home or<br />
office decor while keeping up to 75 disks at<br />
your fingertips. Hinged lids keep the disks<br />
dust-free when closed; the box is designed<br />
so that the front becomes an easy carrying<br />
handle. Suggested Retail $29.95.<br />
International Datawares, Inc.<br />
94 <strong>Apple</strong> Orchard
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ADVERTISERS' INDEX<br />
83 Applied Engineering Cover 2 Leading Edge<br />
10 Beagle Bros.· Micro Software 89 Multitech<br />
75 Cases, Inc. 93,95 Nibble<br />
85 Central Point Software 4·5 Orange Micro<br />
27 Compco 51 Overdrive <strong>Computer</strong> Corp.<br />
37 COMPress 41 Peelings II<br />
45 Compuclub 63 Pirates' Harbor<br />
Cover 3 Corona Data Systems 73 Pro<strong>for</strong>ma Software<br />
21 Dark Star Systems 9, 91 RH Electronics<br />
2, 67 Data most 35,87 Sams Books & Software<br />
71 E·Z Tax Cover 4 Sierra On·Line, Inc.<br />
47 East Side Software 90 Softkey Publishing<br />
35 Exec Systems 23 SSM<br />
81 Foxville 80 Starlogic<br />
7,66 IAC 27 Sun Microsystems<br />
31 IJG 79 TAVA Corporation<br />
78 Innovative Data Technology 77 United <strong>Computer</strong> Corporation<br />
1 Interactive Structures 25 Videx<br />
84 Interlink 29 Vista <strong>Computer</strong><br />
49 John Wiley & Sons 6 Voice Machines<br />
64·65 Kensington Microware 17 Wadsworth Electronic Pub!. Co.<br />
33 Link Systems 48 XPS<br />
ADDIE<br />
01~c11a1~d<br />
SUBSCRIPTIOllS<br />
International <strong>Apple</strong> Core, 908 George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050<br />
<strong>The</strong> International <strong>Apple</strong> Core makes individual subsc riptions to "<strong>The</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> Orc hard " available:<br />
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STRE8<br />
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1b Do It Right.<br />
Tu make a Winchester disk <strong>for</strong> just <strong>Apple</strong>®II.<br />
That's how we set out to design our hard disk <strong>for</strong><br />
the <strong>Apple</strong>®II. To understand the needs of serious<br />
users and programmers, and to correct the errors<br />
of our predecessors.<br />
You want user-friendliness. So we wrote hard disk<br />
versions of <strong>Apple</strong> DOS, CP/M® and Pascal that<br />
are highly user-friendly and loaded with<br />
useful features.<br />
D Auto-boot hard disk<br />
D Menu-driven utilities<br />
D Single-keystroke program execution in DOS<br />
D Disk search with wild cards, and many more<br />
You want flexibility. So we made every<br />
feature variable.<br />
D From 1 to 16 operating systems on each disk<br />
D Operating system spaces grow as needed<br />
D Slot independence<br />
D Variable size volumes (to 400K in DOS)<br />
D Mountable and unmountable volumes (even in CP/M)<br />
D Custom DOS allowed<br />
You want reliability. We use the leading drive.<br />
And Corona's unique data protection technology.<br />
D DataGuard 32-bit error correction code<br />
D FailSafe read-after-write and automatic bad-sector reallocation<br />
D 2-level impact-protection packaging<br />
You want low-cost backup. So we wrote backup<br />
utilities that make floppy backup convenient.<br />
D File compacting to reduce the number of floppies<br />
D Volume selective backup in all operating systems<br />
D Automatic diskette sequencing to ease floppy handling<br />
You want compatibility. We maximize compatibility<br />
with existing software and peripheral cards.<br />
D 9K interface card leaves main memory untouched<br />
D Interrupts are allowed<br />
D Boot protected floppies from slot 6 without removing hard disk<br />
D Automatic slot/drive to hard disk remapping<br />
And you want support. We do that right too.<br />
D Hardware depot service in every region<br />
D Software theft-protection on the hard disk<br />
Compare the features that matter to you.<br />
And visit our local dealer or distributor <strong>for</strong><br />
a demonstration. You'll see the difference<br />
specialization makes.<br />
Corona Starfire -<br />
<strong>The</strong> Winchester Disk <strong>for</strong> <strong>Apple</strong> II<br />
$2)(5 I 5 MB $2 5 I 10 MB<br />
(All software included. Pascal not needed <strong>for</strong> CP/M.)<br />
$2195 $2695<br />
corona<br />
<strong>The</strong> Third Generation Microcomputer Company<br />
Corona Data Systems• 31324 Via Colinas, Section 110, Westlake Village, CA 91361 • 213-706-1505