Kernel panic on iMac, late 2013

Try booting into Safe Mode. If it boots into Safe Mode, then at least you can use the Finder. If Safe Mode boots, then run EtreCheck and post the report here using the "Additional Text" icon which looks like a piece of paper. Give EtreCheck "Full Disk Access" so the the summary of recent system logs is included which should also include a summary of the Kernel Panic log. You may also want to run MalwareBytes to look for any malicious items.

I did see recently that there was malicious software being distributed with some Minecraft mods. If you are going to let others use your computer, then I suggest creating another Standard user account for them so they are unable to install anything requiring an admin password/authentication.

One or more of the folders in the path may not have write access, or somehow the volume is protected as read-only even though the file/folder permissions show otherwise (this occurs if the volume is the main macOS system volume). It is hard to teach someone the command line and every step so it would be easier if you had or create a bootable USB macOS drive so that you can boot into a full macOS GUI interface to troubleshoot the issue more easily or to delete the Minecraft files.

Didy ou try booting into Internet Recovery Mode using Command + Option + R? If booting into Internet Recovery Mode fails to boot at halfway, then most likely you either have a file system issue on the internal SSD or you have a hardware issue. You can also try booting from a bootable macOS USB installer. Try running the Apple Diagnostics to see if any hardware issues are detected.

This tells me you likely have some sort of issue with the internal drive or maybe just a file system issue with the internal drive which is preventing macOS from booting from any external media as well. I think the next thing to do is to attempt to check the health of the internal drive(s).

Since you cannot boot to any external macOS media, then that leaves you with just two options. You can attempt to put the iMac into Target Disk Mode to attempt to access the iMac's drive from another Mac.

Or I can provide you instructions for creating and using a bootable Linux USB stick to check the health of the internal drive(s). Let me know if you are interested in the latter option. A Linux boot disk has a better chance of booting a Mac which has an internal drive issue (hardware or file system). I highly recommend checking the health of the internal drive(s) before doing anything else especially if you don't have a recent backup.