Abstract
absolute time period: 1300-429 b.p.-includes the Epiclassic (1300/1250-1050/1000 b.p.), Early Postclassic (1050/1000-800 b.p.), Middle Postclassic (800-600 b.p.), and Late Postclassic (600-429 b.p.). Absolute dates vary geographically.
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Rattray, Evelyn C. (1996). “A Regional Perspective on the Epiclassic Period in Central Mexico.” In Arqueología Mesoamericana: Homenaje a William T. Sanders, ed. A. G. Mastache, J. R. Parsons, R. S. Santley, and M. C. Serra Puche, Mexico DF: INAH, 213–231.
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Smith, Michael E. (1983). “Postclassic Culture Change in Western Morelos, Mexico: The Development and Correlation of Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Chronologies.” Ph.D. diss. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana. (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.)
Smith, Michael E. (1986). “The Role of Social Stratification in the Aztec Empire: A View from the Provinces. ”American Anthropologist” 88: 70–91.
Smith, Michael E. (1987). “Archaeology and the Aztec Economy: The Social Scientific Use of Archaeological Data.” Social Science History 11: 237–259.
Smith, Michael E. (1990). Long-Distance Trade Under the Aztec Empire: The Archaeological Evidence. Ancient Mesoamerica 1: 153–169.
Smith, Michael E. (1992a). Archaeological Research at Aztec-Period Rural Sites in Morelos, Mexico, vol. 1: Excavations and Architecture. Monographs in Latin American Archaeology, no. 4. Pittsburgh: Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh.
Smith, Michael E. (1992b). “Rhythms of Change in Postclassic Central Mexico: Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and the Braudelian Model.” In Archaeology, Annales, and Ethnohistory, ed. A. B. Knapp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 51–74.
Smith, Michael E. (1994). “Economies and Polities in Aztec-Period Morelos: Ethohistoric Overview.” In Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm, ed. M. G. Hodge and M. E. Smith. Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York, Albany, 313–348.
Smith, Michael E. (1996). The Aztecs. Oxford: Blackwell.
Smith, Michael E., and John. R. Doershuk (1991). “Late Postclassic Chronology in Western Morelos, Mexico.” Latin American Antiquity 2: 291–311.
Smith, Michael E., and Cynthia Heath-Smith (1980). “Waves of Influence in Postclassic Mesoamerica? A Critique of the Mixteca-Puebla Concept.” Anthropology 4: 15–50.
Smith, Michael E., and Cynthia Heath-Smith (1994). “Rural Economy in Late Postclassic Morelos.” In Economies and Polities in the Aztec-Realm, ed. M. Hodge and M. E. Smith. Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York, Albany, 349–3765.
Smith, Michael E., and Mary Hodge (1994). “An Introduction to Late Postclassic Economies and Polities.” In Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm, ed. M. G. Hodge and M. E. Smith. Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York, Albany, 1–42.
Smith, Michael E., Cynthia Heath-Smith, Ronald Kohler, Joan Odess, Sharon Spanogle, and Timothy Sullivan (1994). “The Size of the Aztec City of Yautepec: Urban Survey in Central Mexico.” Ancient Mesoamerica 5: 1–11.
Spence, Michael W. (1985). “Specialized Production in Rural Aztec Society: Obsidian Workshops of the Teotihuacan Valley.” In Contributions to the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Greater Mesoamerica, ed. W. J. Folan. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 76–125.
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Umberger, Emily (1996). “Art and Imperial Strategy in Tenochtitlan.” In Aztec Imperial Strategies, ed. F. Berdean, R. E. Blanton, E. H. Boone, M. G. Hodge, M. E. Smith, and E. Umberger. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 85–106.
Umberger, Emily, and Cecilia Klein (1993). “Aztec Art and Imperial Expansion.” In Latin American Horizons, ed. D. S. Rice. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 295–336.
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Suggested Reading
Armillas, Pedro (1951). “Mesoamerican Fortifications.” Antiquity 25:77–86.
Armillas, Pedro (1995a). “Informe del levantamiento topográfico de la zona arqueológica de Cacaxtla.” In Antologia e Cacaxtla, vol. 1, ed.A. Garcia Cook and B. L. Merino Carrión. Mexico DF: INAH, 49–68.
Armillas, Pedro (1995b). “Cacaxtla, Xochitecatl y otros lugares de la zona arqueológica del suroeste de Tlaxcala.” In Antologia e Cacaxtla, vol. 1, ed. A. García Cook and B. L. Merino Carrión.Mexico DF: INAH, 68–72.
Baird, Ellen T. (1989). “Stars and Wars at Cacaxtla.” In Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacan A.D. 700–900, ed. R. A. Diehl and J.C. Berlo. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 105–122.
Berdan, Frances F. (1982). The Aztecs of Central Mexico: An Imperial Society. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Berdan, Frances F. (1987). “Cotton in Aztec Mexico: Production,Distribution, and Uses.” Mexican Studies /Estudios Mexicanos 3:235–262.
Berdan, Frances R., Richard E. Blanton, Elizabeth Hill Boone, Mary G. Hodge, Michael E. Smith, and Emily Umberger, eds. (1996).Aztec Imperial Strategies. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
Bray, Warwick (1972). “The City-State in Central Mexico at the Time of the Spanish Conquest.” Journal of Latin American Studies 4: 161–185.
Calnek, Edward E. (1978). “The City-State in the Basin of Mexico: Late Prehispanic Period.” In Urbanization in the Americas from Its Beginning to the Present, ed. R. P. Schaedel, J. E. Hardoy, and N. S. Kinzer. The Hague: Mouton, 463–470.
Carrasco, Pedro (1976). “The Joint Family in Ancient Mexico: The Case of Molotla.” In Essays on Mesoamerican Kinship, ed. H. Nutini, P. Carrasco, and J. M. Taggert. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 45–64.
Charlton, Thomas H., and Deborah L. Nichols (1997). “Diachronic Studies of City-States: Permutations on a Theme-Central Mexico from 1700 B.C. to A.D. 1600. In The Archaeology of City-States: Cross-Cultural Approaches, ed. D. L. Nichols and T. H. Charlton. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 160–208.
Cobean, Robert H. (1990). La Ceramica de Tula Hidalgo. Mexico D.F: INAH.
Davies, Nigel (1987). The Aztec Empire: The Toltec Resurgence. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Diehl, Richard, and Catherine Janet Berlo (1989). “Introduction.” In Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700–900, ed. R. A. Diehl and J. C. Berlo. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1–9.
Dumond, Don, and Florencia Müller (1972). “Classic to Post-classic in Highland Central Mexico.” Science 175: 1208–1215.
Foncerrada de Molina, Marta (1980). “Mural Painting in Cacaxtla and Teotihuacan Cosmopolitanism.” In Third Palenque Round Table, 1978, ed. M. G. Robertson. Austin: University of Texas Press, 183–198.
García Cook, Angel (1981). “The Historical Importance of Tlaxcala in the Cultural Development of the Central Highlands.” In Handbook of Middle American Indians, suppl.l; Archaeology, ed. J. A. Sabloff and P. A. Andrews. Austin: University of Texas Press, 244–276.
García Cook, Angel, and Beatriz Leonor Merino Carrión (1995). Antología de Cacaxtla, 2 vols. Mexico DF: INAH.
González Crespo, Noberto, Silvia Garza Tarazona, Hortensia de Vega Nova, Pablo Mayer Guala, Giselle Canto Aguilar (1995). “Archaeological Investigations at Xochicalco, Morelos: 1984 and 1986.” Ancient Mesoamerica 6: 223–236.
Harvey, Herbert R. (1972). “The Relaciones Geográficas, 1579–1596: Native Languages.” In Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, part 1, ed. H. F. Cline. Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 12. Austin: University of Texas Press, 279–323.
Hassig, Ross (1992). War and Society in Ancient Mesoamerica. Berkeley and Los Angles: University of California Press.
Healan, Dan M., ed. (1989). Tula of the Toltecs. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
Hirth, Kenneth (2000a). Ancient Urbanism at Xochicalco: The Evolution and Organisation of a Pre-Hispanci Society. Archaeological Research at Xochicalco vol. 1. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Hirth, Kenneth, ed. (2000b) The Xochicalco Mapping Project. Archaeological Research at Xochicalco vol. 2. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Hicks, Frederic (1994). “Cloth in the Political Economy of the Aztec State.” In Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm, ed. M. G. Hodge and M. E. Smith. Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York, Albany, 89–112.
Hirth, Kenneth G. (1984). “Xochicalco: Urban Growth and State Formation in Central Mexico.” Science 225: 322–324.
Hirth, Kenneth G. (1989). “Militarism and Social Organization at Xochicalco, Morelos.” In Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacan A.D. 700–900, ed. R. A. Diehl and J. C. Berlo. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 69–81.
Hirth, Kenneth G. (1993). “Identifying Rank and Socioeconomic Status in Domestic Contexts: An Example from Central Mexico.” In Prehispanic Domestic Units in Western Mexico, ed. R. S. Santley and K. G. Hirth. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 121–146.
Hirth, Kenneth G. (1995a). “Urbanism, Militarism, and Architectural Design: An Analysis of Epiclassic Sociopolitical Structure at Xochicalco.” Ancient Mesoamerica 6: 237–250.
Hirth, Kenneth G. (1995b). “The Investigation of Obsidian Craft Production at Xochicalco, Morelos.” Ancient Mesoamerica 6: 251–258.
Hirth, Kenneth G. (1998). “Identifying Marketplace Exchange in the Archaeological Record.” Current Anthropology 39: 451–476.
Hirth, Kenneth G., and A. Cyphers Guillen (1988). Tiempo y Asentamiento en Xochicalco. Mexico DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
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López de Molina, Diana, and Daniel Molina Feal (1980). Cacaxtla:Guía Oficial. Mexico DF: INAH.
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Smith, Michael E. (1986). “The Role of Social Stratification in the Aztec Empire: A View from the Provinces.” American Anthropologist 88: 70–91.
Smith, Michael E. (1990). “Long-Distance Trade under the Aztec Empire: The Archaeological Evidence.” Ancient Mesoamerica 1: 153–169.
Smith, Michael E. (1992a). Archaeological Research at Aztec-Period Rural Sites in Morelos, Mexico, vol. 1, Excavations and Architecture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Monographs in Latin American Archaeology.
Smith, Michael E. (1992b). “Rhythms of Change in Postclassic Central Mexico: Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and the Braudelian Model.” In Archaeology, Annales, and Ethnohistory, ed. A. B. Knapp. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 51–74.
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References Cited
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Nichols, D.L., Charlton, T.H. (2001). Central Mexico Postclassic. In: Peregrine, P.N., Ember, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0525-9_3
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