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Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing.) Breeding in China

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing.) is widely cultivated in China, Japan, Korea and many other Asian countries. It is one of the most extensively grown and consumed edible fungi in the world, with an exceptional high agricultural yield. Taxonomically, L. edodes belongs to the phylum Basideomycotina and family Agaricaceae. It is broadly distributed in the wild, mainly in the subtropical to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Due to its excellent taste qualities, high nutritional value, and medicinal properties, L. edodes is of great importance for the food industry and has medicinal applications. Various active medical ingredients such as lentinan, lentin, lectin and eritadenin, have been isolated from L. edodes culture media, fruiting bodies or mycelium. Enzymes, such as laccase, produced by L. edodes, have potential for industrial applications related to paper production (biopulping), residue treatment and improvement in the digestibility of animal rations. Like for other edible fungi cultivation, the raw materials for shiitake mushroom cultivation mostly constitute agricultural waste such as sawdust, straw and cottonseed husk. Moreover, the waste from the shiitake mushroom cultivation itself can be further used as a bio-organic fertilizer, greatly contributing to the process of crop rotation. Due to the changing natural environment along with the continuous improvement of living standards, mushroom cultivation is facing constant challenges. In order to obtain shiitake mushroom strains adapted to different climatic conditions, different cultivation methods and processing practices, breeders continuously screen for new shiitake varieties implementing diverse methods. In this chapter, we present an overview of the origin, distribution, taxonomic position, genetic characteristics, cultivation patterns and history of shiitake mushroom breeding by traditional and modern breeding methods in China.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Quanju Xiang, Bilal Adil, Qiang Chen & Yunfu Gu

  2. Horticulture Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Xianfu Zeng & Xinzhu Li

Authors
  1. Quanju Xiang
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  2. Bilal Adil
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  3. Qiang Chen
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  4. Yunfu Gu
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  5. Xianfu Zeng
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  6. Xinzhu Li
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Major Institutes Engaged in Research on Shiitake Mushroom

Institution name

Specialization and research activities

Contact information address

Website

College of Biology science, China Agricultural University

Physiological active substances of edible fungi and circular agriculture

No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China. Phone: 0086-10-62733874 Email:wlzx@cau.edu.cn

http://en.cau.edu.cn/

College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University

Breeding of Lentinus edodes and Hypsizygus marmoreus

No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. Phone: 0086-028-86290982

https://www.sicau.edu.cn/

Department of Microbiology, Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural School

Cultivation of edible fungi

No. 13 Qianjin Road, Yuanping City, Shanxi Province, 034100, China. Phone: 0086-0350-8223857

http://www.ypnxy.com/

Edible Fungi Research Institute of Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Breeding, cultivation and deep processing of Lentinus edodes

No. 35 Nanhua Road, Minhang District, Shanghai,201106, China. Phone: 0086-021-62200538

http://zhsyj022.emushroom.net/

Edible Fungi Technology Engineering Center of Henan, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Breeding and cultivation of edible fungi

No. 28 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450008, China. Phone: 0086-0371-65722860

http://www.hnagri.org.cn/

Edible Fungus Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Breeding and cultivation of edible fungi

No. 7 Qianrong Road, Wuxi City, 214000, China. Phone: 0086-0510-5515957

http://www.gdaas.cn/

Edible Fungus Research Center of Horticulture, Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Breeding of Lentinus edodes

No. 139 Xinshiqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China. Phone: 0086-0571-86404017

http://www.zaas.ac.cn

Fujian Edible Fungi Association, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University

Breeding and cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus

No. 53 Baimazhong Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350003, China. Phone: 0086-0591-3368144

https://skxy.fafu.edu.cn/

Fujian Sanming Fungi Research Institute

Breeding of Agaricus bisporus, and make seed production

Building 156, Luyan Contry, Liedongxinshi Norse Road, Sanming, Fujian Province, 365000, China. Phone: 0086-10-05988243994

http://gjxy.fjsmu.cn

Hebei Zunhua Liqiang editable fungi research institute

Strain breeding, training, consultation and promotion of raw and auxiliary materials

No. 26, North Second Ring Road, Zunhua City, 064200, Hebei Province, China. Phone: 0086-0315-6636248

http://zhsyj022.emushroom.net/

Horticultural Institute Center of Editable Fungi, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Domestication of wild edible fungi in grassland

No. 246 Wulanchabu East Road, Hohhot city, 010010, China. Phone: 0086-0475-4929474

http://www.imaaahs.ac.cn/

Horticulture Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science

Breeding of Lentinus edodes and Stropharia rugosoannulata, and cultivation of Dictyophora indusiata

No. 200 Nongke Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. Phone: 0086-028-82747352

http://www.cdnky.com/

Institute of Edible Fungi, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province

Cultivation of Auricularia auricula

No. 37-4, Section 2, Xinhua Road, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, 122000, China. Phone: 0086-0421-2812022

https://www.laas.cn/index.aspx

Institute of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Hunan Agricultural University

Breeding and cultivation of edible fungi

Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410128, China. Phone: 0086-0731-4618175

https://www.hunau.edu.cn/

Institute of Edible Fungi, Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province

Breeding and cultivation of Black fungus

No. 68 Daoliquzhaolin Street, Haerbing, Heilongjiang Province, 157600, China. Phone: 0086-04533580031

http://imb.has.ac.cn

Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Preservation and identification of edible fungi strains, formulation of product standards and technical procedures, deep processing of edible fungi

No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China. Phone: 0086-10-64807462 Email: office@im.ac.cn

http://www.im.cas.cn/

Jiangsu Microbiology Institute Center of Bacteria

Laboratory and testing center of bioactive substances

No. 7 Qianrong Road, Wuxi City, 214000, China. Phone: 0086-0510-5515957

http://www.jsim.cn/

Jilin Agricultural University

Conservation of resources, breeding and standardized cultivation of edible fungi, analysis of active components and deep processing of edible fungi

No. 2888, Xincheng Dajie, Changchun, Jilin Province,130118, China. Phone: 0086-0431-84533101

https://www.jlau.edu.cn/jyjx.htm

Liaoning Edible Fungus Technology Development Center

Breeding of Lentinus edodes, Cordyceps militaris,

No. 84 Dongling Road, Shenhe Distriact, Shenyang City,110034, China. Phone: 0086-024-86126921

https://www.laas.cn/index.aspx

Research Center for Edible Fungi Development, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Breeding and cultivation of Morel and Auricularia auricula

No. 20 Jingjusi Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province, China. Phone: 0086-28-89576964

http://www.chinawestagr.com/

Shandong Jinxiang Institute of Fungi, Institute of Fungi Shandong Jinxiang

Breeding and cultivation Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus

Jitian District, Jinxiang County, Jining, Shandong Province, 272208, China. Phone: 0086-0537-8851472

https://wenming193.etlong.com/

Shanxi Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Artificial cultivation technology of characteristic medicinal fungi in Qinling Mountains

No. 8 Xiying Road East, Xi ′an City, Shaanxi Province, 710013, China. Phone: 0086-029-85525097

http://sxim.xab.cas.cn/

Strain Experimental Center of Huazhong, Huazhong Agricultural University

Germplasm resources evaluation, genetic breeding, cultivation techniques

Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province,430070, China. Phone: 0086-027-87386167

http://www.hzau.edu.cn/

1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Shiitake Mushroom

Strain

Temperature form

Suitable fruiting temperature (°C)

Culture time (d)

Application (Number refers to the elevation of the origin place )

L-856

Moderate and low

8~22

60~65

300~500 m, can get flower-mushroom in autumn cultivated in the open field

Nong 7

8~22

65~70

L-087

8~22

65~70

Cr-02

8~22

55~60

9018

12~20

60~65

L-135

6~18

180~200

> 600 m, shelf culture in spring, and get flower-mushroom in autumn and winter

9015

8~22

90~120

Nanhua 103

8~22

100~180

Le-13

Low

8~18

60~65

Inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn in Northwest China

9101

7~18

60~65

Inoculate in autumn on soil, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn in Northeast China

N-06

8~20

60~70

Inoculate in autumn on shelf, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn in North China

241-4

7~20

160~200

> 600 m, inoculate in spring in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn

939

8~20

160~180

> 600 m, inoculate in spring on shelf, fruiting in winter and autumn

Cr-66

Medium

9~23

60~75

300~500 m, inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn

Cr-62

9~23

60~70

L-26

10~24

65~70

Shenxiang No.9

12~18

60~70

Suxiang No.1

Medium and high

10~25

60~75

< 300 m, inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring, winter and autumn; 300~600 m, Inoculate in spring and buried, fruiting in spring and autumn

Yuanya No.1

10~25

70~75

Inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring and winter in low altitude areas; 300~600 m, inoculate in spring and buried, fruiting in winter and autumn

Cr-04

10~23

70~80

Inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in spring and winter in low altitude areas; 300~600 m, inoculate in spring and buried, >700 m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn

Cr-20

12~26

70~80

< 300 m, inoculate in autumn in open field, fruiting in winter and spring; >300,<600 m, buried in spring; >700 m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn

Wuxiang No.1

High

16~25

70~80

>500m, off-season inoculation in spring, and buried, > 700m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn

8001

14~26

70~75

Guangxiang 47

14~28

70~80

>300 m, inoculate in autumn, and fruiting in winter and spring; >500 m, inoculation in spring and buried,>700m, keep in open field, fruiting in summer and autumn

8500

13~26

70~80

XinglongNo.1

14~28

70~80

Off-season cultivation in cold regions of northern, fruiting in summer and autumn in open field

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Xiang, Q., Adil, B., Chen, Q., Gu, Y., Zeng, X., Li, X. (2021). Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing.) Breeding in China. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_12

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