Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Sanicula// Species: Sanicula europaea L.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Tutin (Umbelliferae – key to genera and Sanicula L.) in Tutin at al. (1968) and Matevski (Umbelliferae – key to genera) and Micevski (Sanicula L.) in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to West Siberia and Iran; Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: European beech forests, on somewhat shaded positions.
Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.
Sanicula europaea – habit. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – flowering stems. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – capitula with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – capitula with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – capitula with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – capitula with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – capitula with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – capitula with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – spent capitulum. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – spent capitulum. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – cauline leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – cauline leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sanicula europaea – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sanicula L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1534 – 1535.
Sanicula L. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 320.
Umbelliferae (key to genera). Matevski, V. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529 – 1534.
Umbelliferae (key to genera). Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315 – 319.
