Compute_Gazette_Issue_63_1988_Sep by Zetmoon

Disk Package—Power-Packed Utility for the 64

COMPUTED FOR COMMODORE PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS

Extra! Extra! Write All

About It!

Pro-quality

desktop publishing is here for your 64 and 128

PLUS 3 Super Arcade-Style Games Lincoln Green: New Perils in Sherwood Forest i

Boom and Bust:

Word Madness Lava Flow: A Bricklayer's,.—

Nightmare >JJ

SpeedCheck 128 Fast, easy-to-use

spelling checker for SpeedScript 128

ff? 02320

USA S2.95 I

Canada S3.50

WHAT'S A TA/TQ ?

That's a very good question. Taito (pronounced Tie-toe) is one of the oldest and biggest names in the arcade industry. We're

the world's largest manufacturer and operator of arcade games. Taito's been in the business since 1953. And that's just the beginning. Taito practically started the video game industry with our classic arcade hit, 133 scnwns of space-age excitement. Award winning coin-op tut. Quer 1 nvIUon sold in Japan "One of tt>& besr ever" —Electronic Game Pinycr Maga/me

over the years, Taito has created more than 1,000 other great action games for arcade and home play. Taito has something equally exciting for you to slip into your home computer. Taito brings the same pioneering spirit, technical RfNEGADZ: This <s t/'e one and onty Oou'f settle tor int'titlioni. maonng. fatD*cadsmittaiMtsima-wieKamaaeb Uw nottust gomes it) Ewopc.

quality and excitement that made us the arcade leader to your

Commodore, Amiga, IBM, Apple and Atari computers. Your computer won't be the same again. Taito is the arcade industry leader for a very good reason. We consistently make great video games that bring more action, thrills and value to the people who play our games. And literally millions of people play our games in arcades and homes ail over the world.

Our strength comes from the massive development effort we put into creating the kind of games that satisfy the ever-growing

arcade appetite and the research gathered from the more than 100,000 arcade machines Taito operates in Japan. (The money in the coin boxes at the end of the day tells you quickly if you've got TaitD Software Inc. 287 Wnsl Esplanade North Vancouver. BC, Canada WM1A5 TbI. 604-984-3344

Taito;" Aiksnaid,1" RmBgBtW" AlronJ" RaMan?" Bubble Bobble,1™ Operation Wolf.™

ALCON: 7ho ultimate IB tnfc'-pliinvTiiry combat. Bafffo al-ens with Insets, homing in>sstfos. bombs antf stuoids. Fiinl&sfic vert'CSl scrolling f

Sky Shark™ and Gladiator™ are mdcraarli of Tato America Inc Copyright £1988 All rignls

rosorved. Arrfyd. Commodore. Apple. IBM ,in.1 Aijri jra tru(lem.nte. respectively of Commodore-

a goodgame or not.) And Taito is always working hard to develop

the most exciting new video games that push the technology to its limits.* We don't rest on our laurels. mes are the benchmark for home video games, Taito's leadership in the arcade industry means that when

you buy Taito products you will be getting more home video thrills —more mesmerizing arcade quality graphics, spell-binding sound RASTAN: One ol the biggest coin-op hits of 1987 Sunning graphics, "Ion-Stop, mythical super hern action with multiple wonpons, ene

and above all, action!

mies and levels of play

That's why nobody but Taito can bring you more of what you're looking for in home computer video games. You don't get to be the biggest in the arcade business by making run of the mill video games. When you buy Taito games you're getting more than just

fun. We bring you games that test your nerve, your skill and your strategy. Games that make you laugh and put you on the edge of your seat, games of adventure and excitement. Taito takes you on incredible mind voyages to places you've never been before—to

brave new worlds of imagination and fantasy. And after all, isn't that what great video games are all about? BUBBIB BOBBLE: laugh-packed addictn/e action. Up lo 100 levels of arctde quality play One or 2 player action. The number one t/onw in Europe for rhrntr months in i row

And every action game we put our name on is more than

just competitive confrontation. Taito games are all about the values of good triumphing over evil, of being

the best you can be—games like Arkanoid," Renegade7/ A/con;'-' Rastan'" and Bubble Bobble'.'1 And we

have more arcade block-busters like Operation Wolf,'" Sky Shark'" and Gladiator'" coming soon to soft ware formats for play on your home computer. Taito's home-bound hit parade of video fun has just begun. Who but the arcade leader could bring you so much? That's Taito! Aren't you glad you asked?

Buy Taito products at leading computer stores everywhere. Ifno stores are near you, Visa/MasterCard holders can order direct from anywhere in the United States by calling 1-800-663-8067. Amiga Inc. Commodore Eleetrunics, Ltd. Appto Computer Inc., International Business Machines arid Atari Corporal™ Ariunrtisement by Qually & Company Inc. (Chicago.) "If you think you've

901 the technical and creative ability to develop min<M>lowi«g video games, write to Taito, Attention: Pioduet Development, at the abovo address.

■HH

I Storm IK isi ii

!' Isoneof themoatdramatlc

and detailed stories of modern warfare ever written.

Read by millions, its gripping reaJism has become

thehallmark of author Tom Clancy and his technical collaborator Larry Bond. Their counterpart In entertainment software,

MlcroProse founder Sid Meier, Is the world's fading

creator, designer and programmer of simulation

software. His award-winning titles, Including F-15 STRIKE EAGLE and SILENT SERVICE, have sold

more than two million copies and are renowned for

their authenticity and originality.

Now these three masters have combined talents to bring theexcitementofHEDS

to your computer

screen. YOU can step into the command center of a

nuclear attack submarine In this super high-technology

simulation of strategy and tactics. But unlike the book,

you can't turn the pages to see how l\ ends.

You have to live It. iG... for Commodore 64/126. Coming soon for otrier

popular systems Available ai a Valued MleroProse Retailer (VMR) near you; call lor locations. If not found locally, call or write MlcroProse for

MC/VISA orders.

H .'

HKiU'i'di

180 Lakefrorf Drive • Hunl Vdby, MD £1031 • (30!| 771-1151

COMPUTED

September 1988

Vol. 6, No. 9

features Extra! Extra! Write All About Itl Putting It to Work

Tom Netsel

Mickey McLean

reviews De/a Wj

We/7 Randall

Ticket to Washington, D.C. David and Robin Minnick X-15 Alpha Mission Ervin Bobo Star Empire Keith Ferrell

BASIC for Beginners: The Pigeonhole Analogy Larry Cotton The Programmer's Page: Did You Know That... Randy Thompson Machine Language Programming: Debugging Jim Butterfield Pattern Fill Robert Bixby Multicolor Graphics Dump Hubert Cross

128/64/+4/16 128/64/+4/16

Multicolor Graphics and Video Storage

games Lincoln Green Robert Bixby Boom and Bust Fred Karg . Lava Flow Forrest Bentley .

programming

ML Boot

Dale McBane

David Roth

SpeedCheck 128: A Spelling Checker tor SpeedScript 128 Disk Package

MultiSort 128

Larry D. Smith

Barry Camp

James E. Borden

128/64/+4/16

60 62

128

departments The Editor's Notes

Lance Eiko

Letters to the Editor

Feedback Editors and Readers Diversions: Murder at Palenque

Fred D'lgnazio

Horizons: Counting People and Making Faces The GEOS Column: Quick Clock User Group Update

Rhett Anderson

Ernest Hunter

Mickey McLean

Bug-Swatter Modifications and Corrections News & Products

22 26

44 47

128/64

55 68

program listings How to Type In COMPUT&'s Gazette Programs

The Automatic Proofreader

128/64/ -4/16

MLX: Machine Language Entry Program for Commodore 64

Advertisers Index

100 *-General, 64 - Commooore 64, -t-4-Pluy4. 1«-

CommrxkJ'O 16. 13flCommrjaore 12Q

Cover art by Rhett Anderson COMPUTErS GAZETTE (ISSN 0737-37161 is a COMPUTE1 Puttealion. ana >s published monlNy By ABC Consumer Magazines. Inc, 825 Sevsnm Ave. (Jew Yak. NY 10019. a Division ol ABC Punishing. Inc, a Capdal C •- es AE3C Inc. company. Q 1S99 ABC Consurner Magazines, inc A'i ngrrrs resorvoo Eeitonal oflcas are located ai Surra 200 32d Wesl WenOover Ave

Greensboro, UC 27aO8 Domestic sunimplons-12 issues, $24. POSTMASTER Send aoorass crungBS ioCOMPJTE'S GAZETTE, P.O Bo. 10957. Des Moines, IA 50340 Second class posmoa paid al New York. NY ana additional moiling ollices.

COMPUTE'S FO<? COMMODORE PERSONAL COMPUTER

EdrtOf ■■-.■■.. r An Director

Features Editor Technical Editor Assistant Edilo Assistant Technical Edttx

Lancn Elko J n r .c. u R. Fary Keith Farrvll Patrick kimmi, Hhy! t Andvrion Dale McBane

Assistant Features EOflc Tom Nettel Assistant E3rtc

SutnTusSrOns & Disk Products

We recently returned from the Summer Consumer Electronics Show (CES), a biannual event that's billed as the world's largest trade show. Tra

ditionally, we've run fairly extensive stories on CES, listing the dozens and

Editorial Assistant Copy Editors

Tnmmk Taylor Karen UhLandorf

Programming Assistant Troy Tucker Contributing Editors Randy Thompion Jim BuLlarfleld

dozens of new products announced at the show. This time, however, we

(Toronto. Canada) Fred D'lgnaib (E. Lansmg, Mi)

decided to cover the new software products—there was little if anything new in the way of hardware—by reviewing some of these products in the

remaining three 1988 issues, and by including others in the "News &

Products" section of the magazine. (Several of the products are highlighted

ART DEPARTMENT Assistant Art Direclor Juror Deserter Mechanical Arbsli

in this month's "News & Products," on page 68.)

In contrast with the CES shows we've covered in the past five years, this year's event was less frantic. In the computer section of the show, much of the hype was generated by videogame-machine products from Nintendo, Sega, Atari, Taito, and others. Their booths were enormous, and they drew constant attention by hosting special autograph sessions

with celebrities such as Andre the Giant, Reggie Jackson, and Doug Williams. Commodore, again this year, did not appear. {The company has been focusing of late on COMDEX, a biannual business-oriented show, where its emphasis is on the Amiga line.)

However, there were dozens of 64s and 128s in most of the software

publishers' booths—and each one, in quiet contrast to the hoopla sur rounding the videogame machines, was demonstrating a new product. One of these new products was CEOS 2.0. Berkeley Softworks' up graded operating system for the 64 now combines GEOS, geoWrite, and geoSpell, and adds an upgraded deskTop and geoPaint 2.0. It includes many other new features and enhancements to version 1.3. GEOS 2.0 ap pears to be a major upgrade, and a thoughtful one. The demo we saw was

Robin Sliolow M«g McArn ScotFy ■■:.;:

Robin Cai«

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT Assi&ani Producbcn Manager De Putter Production Assistant Kim Pot1» Typesetting Terry Caih

Carole Dunton Advertising Production Assistant

An4ta Armf^Ed

COMPUTE! PUBLICATIONS

Group Vice Present. Publisher/Edilona! Diroclof Managing Eriitui

Wiliiji in Tynan

Kathleen Martin«k

Sentor Editor Lance ElKo EfWoriaf Operations [Vector Tony Roberts

Executive Assistant Sybil Agee Senior Administrative Assistant Julia Fleming Administrative Assistants Iris Brooks Cathy McAllister ABC CONSUMER

MAGAZINES Senior Vice Preslden

Marc RvltCh

Vice P'esxJent. Finance Richard WHIrs Vca President, Production

very impressive. The result of user research and customer-service feed back, GEOS 2.0 also offers support for the 1764 and 1750 RAM Expansion units. (Look for a full review in an upcoming issue.) Its price is set at

DavKl Hvnitoy Mickty McLean Karen Slepak

Mane Benon-Weinar

CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT Vice PreSioen

C r-;/ai on SuDscnptoci SlaT

Robert lr Gursha Of a BlBcVmon-OeBrown Harold Buckley

$59.95, but the package will be available for $29.95 to current (1.3) GEOS

Mitch i '-'"" Beth

owners.

taining contest details and an entry blank in the April-August issues. The

deadline for entries is August 31, so if you use GEOS and know how to pro gram, get on your horse. We've received only a couple of entries thus far, and there are 24 prizes to be given away—cash, software, peripherals, and subscriptions to Q-Link and GAZETTE. We'll be looking for your program.

Thomai D, Stfltar

Speaking of GEOS, don't forget the $25,000 GEOS Programming Con test sponsored by Berkeley Softworks and GAZETTE. We've run ads con

Jamei J. Smiih A, Hsnther Wood Subscriber Service

{B00) 727-6937

One of tfw ABC PIBUSHING ® Companies President

Rooett G. Elunon

1330 Arenuo of trie Amortcas Newark.

NY 10019

ADVERTISING OFFICES Now Tort. AUC Conn^W Mmq*i MS. Inc 62i S**»*i[ri Av». to+n Vex* >+1 10019 1* (21?}»S»W PBfW T JJwiim»y*f GfDUE

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Lance Elko

Senior Editor

Ao3mi ai iAi.ivq i-anKJi lo 4nrts ArmT-ml COMPUTE* PuC^Ubais

lie

32* VY«* WflrT*

NC 274C« Ed JrjrUtl JUjujiuS ^noiM DO "Mres ieO io Ino Eiliior. COMPlfTE'i

GAZETTE Suite ?0O. 3?a iVrtl WorOovef Avo . GreBn^&MD. NC

PRINTED IN THE USA

COMPUTE!'* Gazelle

September 1988

When the Bard's scared so . like inc. IIXIXIMIMIMIMI*

THE BARDS TALE III

hen the Bard's Tale

began, we lived a charmed Life. Good

IIK1KOCIHIKIMII

ale. Good song.

J Good company.

Mangarcame along, hul we cut

him to pieces before he could

blink. Soon the world goi bigger, and its problems got bigger. We wandered ihe wilderness for months to find the pieces of that infernal Destiny Wand. But once we reforged it, Lagoth Zantn was history. Back then, being ,1 thief was dull. Pick this lock. Disarm that ir3p. When things gol hot, they'd tell me "Into the shadows, wimp." I

should'vt' lifted their gold and split long ago. But it's loo late now. We battle through the seven

worlds. Cast Warslnke and Rimefang over and over. Cut down

UMtXIXI NIKIXIMIMIK1K [ XIXIX ■

Ihe endless Hook fangs and Slathbeasis. And suddenly, The Archmage is powerless. The War rior is weak. The Bard can'l play. Now they say I'm the only hope.

I'm slick. I'm sneaky. And I'm going to fight the Mad God... alone. Some fate.

Over 500 colorful, .inirnaicd

kinds of monsiers waiii id meei ynu. Some might evt-n join your parly.

Ymir siais show you re hot ai lock picking, imp disarming ., and hiding. Need more help

than lhai? Seven kinds of,

speltcasiers—inclitding new Clironnm.iiHiTs and Gcomamets—cast over 100 spells.

THEBARD. THIEF OF FA-

FREE CLUES See participating

relallers !••< full-cojor ilur [raslet

JWAVS TO ORDER:

1) Vlsll your relalicr. 2) Gill K(H! .'.!■> ■].,'■. (mm U.S. in < mjd.i, 8dm lei

Jpm PST, lo Older l)y VISA/MC. 1) Moil check (U.S. S) or V1SA/MC #, ciniholder njinc. and enp. d.ut: [o Ek'tiriink Arts Diftti Sales, P.O. Box 7530. San Maica, CA 94401. Apple It

MTslon S-W.95. Gimmodorc vcision S39.95. plus S3 ■.hi|i|iiiu: h.iinlliin;. CA residents add fi.5% -.,<U -. lax.

Allwv 1-3 weeks fin U.S. delivery.

New auUi-map feature If'ts1 you find ytmr way in Ihe 84 ilungcmi levels and seven dimensions. No copy protection 10 slow you down. Save i

game at any locailoh.

ELECTRONIC ARTS

More on 128D Woes I have a comment in response to

Donald Weaver's letter in this col umn (July)'

Last December, I purchased my first computer, a 128D, at the local Sears store. Fortunately, I also purchased an extended warranty/ maintenance agreement. From December through May, I've had seven defective 128Ds, six of which had defective drives. At first, the Sears salespeople denied knowl

the parts promptly, which he indi cated they are not noted for. I wrote a detailed letter to Commodore. The only response I received was that that was too bad, but they couldn't help me.

I've heard of a fix to the head where a spring from an IBM disk drive is substituted for the spring on the read head, but as long as the computer doesn't fold completely, I just grumble to my wife and keep assuring myself that I will never

still selling like hot cakes. Commodore's PC10-1, intro

duced to the U.S. market In 1985, is one of hundreds of compatibles now

on the market. What you need, then, are peripherals and softiuare for PC compatibles (or MS-DOS machines, the term many software publishers use on packages to indicate machine compatibility). If you're looking to

find mail-order products for the PC10-J, you need to pick up a maga zine for the PC/compatible owner, of

edge of any problem with any 128s

buy another Commodore computer.

which there are dozens. Our sister

that had been sold. In time, I talked

R. H. Schuette Blame, MN

Magazine—is dedicated to exclusive

to the manager of Sears customer

service and got a completely differ ent story.

I love my 128D when it works. The last one has a low serial num ber (000 series) and has been work

ing like a charm for four weeks, but as every day passes, I live in fear that it will break down, too. Commodore Customer Service representatives were less than help

ful and treated me with gross indif ference. Until they work out the problems, I wouldn't recommend the 128D to anyone.

P.S. The serial numbers of the bad 128Ds were 004093 and higher. Charles E. Cross, jr. Flushing, Ml

This is in response to Donald Weaver's letter in the July issue. It

would seem unusual for Commo dore to say they were not aware of problems with the 128D's internal drive. I purchased a 128D last November. When it arrived, it was

impossible to load any programs. A local service dealer tested it and concluded it had a bad head.

In any event, I decided to ex change the computer for another. This one I still have. It does not work consistently either, but it gets

ters lately complaining about Com

modore's customer service. For years, their track record in this area has been spotty at best. As a result, it's certain that they lose repeat custom ers, not to mention potential sales from disgruntled owners who dis courage others from considering a

Commodore machine. We hope that some of the folks at Commodore are reading this.

ket and includes many reviews and ads for products that support this market. Our flagship magazine, COMPUTE!, also features some PC coverage and PC mail-order ads.

Page Polemics May I take this opportunity to tell you of something about GAZETTE that's been bugging me for a long time? It's the numbering of pages, or rather, the absence thereof. In

Commodore's PC Compatible Last Christmas, 1 purchased a Com modore PC10-1

coverage of the PC/compatible mar

computer. COM-

PUTE'.'s Gazette contains the names

and addresses of many dealers dis tributing printers, software, and modems for Commodore 64s and 128s; however, I am unable to find any information regarding the availability of supporting accesso

ries for the PC10-1. Robert f. Zeph

Commack, NY The PC10-1 is an IBM PC-compatible computer that Commodore distribut ed for several years in Europe. In

the May issue, there are 116 pages, of which only 66 are numbered; the

table of contents on page 3 {not numbered) gives the page numbers of articles, but three of the pages re

ferred to have no numbers. Pages 19 and 21 are identical (part article, part ad), yet 19 is numbered and 21 isn't. Please number every page. Syd Hislam Los Altos, CA Never say readers don't notice everyth ing. You make some good points and certainly caught a few inconsisten cies. The general rule is that all pages

should have numbers except for those with full-page ads or those with frac

1985-1987, interest in PC compati

tional ads positioned on the outside

bles as home machines swelled in the U.S. as prices dropped and more and

up because I use it daily, and anoth

more nonbusiness software became

er service man indicated it would be

available. IBM PC compatibles—al most all of which use the MS-DOS op

bottom edge of the page. We can't make room on someone's ad for our page number, and we can't put it be low the ad because it might get trimmed off at the bindery. We'll try

erating system—abounded and are

to be more consistent in the future, 9

by. I simply do not wish to give it

at least three weeks to service, as suming Commodore would supply 6

We've received a large number of let

publication—COMPUTEVs PC

COMPUTE* s Gazette

September 19BB

K direct line, that is, from your home to

IX Commodore'Headquarters via Q-Link, the 11 telecommunications service that's everything

1 --■■■■■fffffiftn

a Commodore owner could hope for.

Using a Commodore 64"or 12Cdisk drive,

modem, and the Q-Link software, you're connected to inside information and help from the programmers and designers here at Commodore who built your machine. It's the best way 1 know to get you the answers quickly and personally.

Q-Link is also your link to leading Commodore software publishers and their wares, to over 15,000 public domain software programs you can

download and keep, to teachers who'll help your

kids with their homework, and to clubs, contests, games, and a host of other services that run the

■

K*ti

gamut of your imagination.

Experience it for yourself. And see why I've put my company on the line for you.

1-800-782-227L,,

t#m*j

«**<

«:

Gtow. vmodore 300 baud modem and the

Q-JLink softwarefree! .•*!-■

:VL-

x»_ ' "

-*+■

WFVEGOT SEVEN TIMES BE much mightier, for starters. So go ahead. Try GEOS 2.0. It may be our second

If we told you there's something that's seven times better than GEOS;11 would you believe it? Well, believe it. It's called GEOS 2.0"And it's filled with new fea tures, including the one thing you'd expect from a package bearing the GEOS name. Power. Not the kind that sends a small surge through your creativity. We're talking about major productivity power. GEOS 2.0 is supercharged with new strengths that make it the most powerful source of integrated software your Commodore 64's ever seen. And what isn't completely new has been radically improved. In fact, we actually included other applications—products we

version, but we guaran

columns.

It doesn't even mat ter if the text is from some other Commodore-based pro gram. Because GEOS 2.0 con-

used to sell separately—right into this package. For example,

the entire con tents of geoWrite Workshop, in cluding geoWrite 2.r(the full-fea

tured word pro

tee it's seven times the experience. xpenei geoWrite 2.1: NEW! Fullfeatured word processor • Individ ual paragraph for matting • Expand margins to 8" • Left, right, cen ter and full justi fication • Multi ple vertical spacing options • Headers and footers • Decimal tabs • Full page pre view • Search and replace • Word wrap • 10 fonts in 7 styles and multiple sizes • Pagination • Insert, delete, move or copy • Mix text and graphics • Special feature to

verts it with one simple point ic:nrn

"*■*'*—;:.wJf.,wJi

,. i^

■.-,.' -

create multiple columns, add headlines and borders • Pro

■ W:nr Hut

duce near-type-

- :■-

IS If

1 S JL.,1 IW

■■

1 Gmbbcr

geoWrite

cessor) have been b added along

with geoSpell.™ And a new feature lets you mix graphics with text around any number of

and click.

There's a new deskTopTA new painting toolbox. And new muscle that makes your mouse

geoSpell

set quality output on an Apple1* LaserWriter™ with PostScript.™ wiinros Text

Grabber:' NEW!

Import text from any Commo-

dore word processor such as

tOMETHMG

THAN GEOS.

PaperCIip,™ Easy Script,™ Speed Script,1" Word Writer1 and others.

SgeoMerge'NEW! Create

•

graphic tools, 32 brush shapes and 32 painting patterns • Invert, rotate, mirror or move images • Cut, copy and paste

drives and a RAM Expansion Unit (including the 1541,1571, 1581 and RAM drives) • Multipie file selection • Color code notepad and files • Date and time display • Recover most recently deleted file • Faster file copy ing • Simplified printer and input driver selection. PLUS: diskTurbo™ runs GEOS applications five to seven times faster • More keyboard shortcuts • Key board or input

cus

tomized form let ters and labels with this mail merge program.

4geoSpell: • NEW! Complete spelling resource. View dic tionaries and documents while spell checking • Create and update personal dictionaries • Global search and replace * Operates 38% faster than before. 5 Desk Accessories: Five handy utilities • accessible from within any application • 4 func tion calculator • 127 page note

pad • Chiming alarm clock • Preference manager • Photo/

text managers to save and trans fer data between applications • NEW! Cut and paste from the calculator and notepad into other applications * Name photo album pictures • And more.

6geoPaint':"High reso

lution graphics editor. • Create charts, dia grams or images up to 8" x 10" • Zoom in for detailed pixel edi ting or preview entire

page • 16 colors, 14

geoPain!

into other GEOS applica tions-Integrate text with graph ics • NEW! Stretch and scale images • Overlay effects • Stop pat tern fills in pro gress • New graphic shapes including con nected lines, ellipses and squares • Grid function for easy sketching. deskTop: Efficient file and disk manager * View files as icons or text ■ Sort files by size, type, date or name • Open, close, rearrange, copy or delete files • Manage non-GEOS files • Access and execute BASIC pro grams • NEW! Support for 2

Berkeley

Softworks

deskTbp

device options (mouse, joystick, lightpen or Koala Pad1") • 31 printer drivers support over 70 popular printers in draft, NLQ and high resolution printing modes ■ Q-Link"' telecommunications software. For orders only, call 1-800-443-0100 ext. 234

GEOS 2.0 (California n:sidcnts add 7ft sales tax) $59.95 plus S-i.iSO fur shipping and handling. ( MT UAfTUIt 1i J1•

GEOS 2.0

The brightest minds are working with Berkeley.

ndir |>C|nn. v

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Personal Publishing, The Magazine for Desktop Publishers.

The Thrill of Victory!

Through Exclusive Arrangement with You look up at the clock...eight

seconds to play...the score's tied. You streak towards the goal, weaving and bobbing. You fake inside...the goalie lunges...slapshot...score...the crowd goes wild!

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drops. You've won!

HAT TRICK™ and MINI-GOLF by CAPCOM put the thrill and excitement of competitive sports in

your Commodore. Vibrant graphics make these games so real that you can feel the pressure of intense athletic competition, The outcome ot these CAPCOM Sports Series challenges depends upon your quick reflexes and brilliant strategy. CAPCOMs HAT TRICK™ and MINI-GOLF"11—games so real you can hear the roar of the crowd!

CAPCOM CAPCOM U.S.A., Inc.

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Does printer's ink run in your veins? Do you have visions of becoming the next William Randolph Hearst, heading up your own publishing empire? Maybe your printing ambitions are more modest, and you'd just like to turn out a monthly news

letter to keep members of your user group up-to-date on the latest happenings. Whatever your journalistic ambitions, you may want to consider desktop publishing on your 64 or 128â&#x20AC;&#x201D;at least until you buy your first newspaper. 12

COMPUTED Gazette

September 1988

r J

Desktop publishing on an eight-bit computer? Better leave that to the big boys. It takes at least a Mac or a PC with a

couple of gigabytes of memory. Right? Wrong. The 64 and the 128 are like the bumblebee that doesn't know it can't fly; nobody told them that they couldn't be used for desktop publishing. Until recently, Commodore owners could print greet ing cards, banners, and simple flyers with such programs as Broderbund's Print Shop, Cardinal's Banner Machine, and Springboard's

Certificate Maker, but if your publishing needs were more complex, you

usually had to resort to using conventional printing techniques or buying something a lot more expensive than a 64 or 128. Now, though, several

full-blown desktop publishing programs are on the Commodore market, and they contain some very sophisticated features.

Conventional Printing Techniques Before examining desktop publishing, let's take a look at some of the steps required to publish a newsletter by conventional methods. Desktop

publishing can be better appreciated if you understand the mechanical process it partially eliminates. To create a professional-looking newsletter by conventional meth

ods takes time, a little talent, and a few dollars. Once you've decided on your newsletter's content, you have to write the copy on a typewriter or word processor and then take it to a typesetter, who will convert it into the desired type style, size, and column widths of your publication.

Before you get this far, however, you'll need a layout. You have to know what your newsletter is going to look like if you're to tell the type setter how wide to make the columns and what fonts to use for the text and headlines. Since there are hundreds of fonts available, type styles and sizes have to be specified exactly. If you have a special requirement, such as having the text wrap around a graphic, that has to be carefully measured and specified in your layout. Once the typesetter returns your formatted text on long strips of pa per, each column has to be cut and pasted onto a board that matches your layout. Headlines, text, and captions must be carefully aligned and smoothed into place, If a story is too long or too short to fit its allotted space, you have to either change the layout, cut the text, or send addi tions to the typesetter.

I Tom Netsel, Assistant Features Editor | COMPUTE!'s Gazette

September 1988

Typesetters usually don't charge to correct typos or mistakes

they introduce, but waiting for a correction can delay publication. If you change your mind about your

layout or make a mistake with your specifications, don't expect the

typesetter to do the job again at no extra charge. If you specified 48point headlines but only have room for 36-point type, or if you sudden ly decide you don't like Bodoni

Book and want your article set in Garamond Roman, expect extra ex

pense and delay. Graphics introduce additional problems. If you want to include a photograph, it has to be sized and screened—converted to tiny dots so

it can be printed. Screening requires

a separate process. A simple line drawing may be pasted in place if it's the correct size, hut it has to go through another process if it has

texture or shades of gray or if it needs sizing.

When this mechanical art has been pasted in place, all the decora

tive lines, borders, and boxes have been added, and everything has

been proofed a final time, the board

pages and columns you specify.

then goes to a printer for the actual

You also can enter text directly for

printing process.

editing purposes and for writing captions and headlines. With some

Desktop Publishing Power

simpler programs, this is the only way to enter text into your docu

Desktop publishing puts you in

ment. Publishing programs don't work with all 64 and 128 word pro

control of all these steps, but you don't have to be a professional

cessors, so make sure the program

printer to get good results. However,

you're considering supports your

you'll still need a layout before you

favorite word processor.

use any publishing program. Most newsletters have a name

Importing text is easy. In most

cases, you simply define a box and

that appears at the top of the front

specify the file you want printed

page. This banner usually stays the same issue after issue, and the number of columns in your publica

there. Define another box and write a headline. If you don't like a par ticular font, hit a few keys, and it's

tion usually remains constant as

quickly changed. Most publishing

well. This basic layout gives you

programs offer a variety of type

the framework on which to build

faces in sizes suitable for text and headlines. Try one font, and if you don't like it, switch to another.

each edition.

It's always a good idea to make a sketch of each page. Decide where stories begin, how much room to leave for headlines, and where you want to place any graphics. From that point, all the work is done on

You're never charged for overtime.

Pictures spice up any publica tion, and your newsletter is no ex

ception. Popular publishing programs include an editor that lets you create your own graphics, edit

the computer screen.

Text is usually written

on a

commercial clip art imported from

word processor and then saved to

other programs, or use drawing programs such as DOODLE.'.

disk. Most publishing programs let you import these text files to the

Putting It to Work

Milwaukee Area ConiMOdore Enthusiasts THE Milwaukee conputer club

Mickey McLean

NewsLetter MARCH,

Desktop publishing is making a difference in the way

198B

user-group newsletter editors communicate with their readers.

The editors are using several programs, including The

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Newsroom from Springboard, geoPubtish from Berkeley Softworks, and Electronic Arts' PaperClip Publisher. The success of these products ensures that Commodore own ers can look forward to more desktop publishing pro

amual elections MARCH 14

grams being released in the near future. ntftrui*!

The next meetings are: march 14 «i

Straight from The Newsroom

march 2Q"" " iKyK"W"™

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The Milwaukee Area Commodore Enthusiasts (MACE)

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user group publishes a monthly newsletter for its mem bers. Club vice president Dan Heaney uses The Newsroom on a Commodore 128 to produce the publication. "Our club needed a newsletter last year, and we looked for something to do it with," Heaney says. "It

[Newsroom] was about the only program available."

Heaney's options included printing the text from a word processor and then pasting up each page. "Paste-up, even the little I do now, is a pain in the neck," says Heaney, who still has to paste up several ad vertisements to please certain clients. "Half the time, I don't feel like I'm getting it straight. Besides, I'd rather let the computer do it." 14

COMPUTEt's Gazette

September 1988

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Since graphics and text can Lie

Enter The Newsroom at the Pic ture Menu, and use a joystick to se

combined so easily, place a picture

almost anywhere in your layout,

sents one panel. If a panel fills, save

it and continue writing on another. When you have enough panels to

lect any of six departments: the Banner, the Photo Lab, the Copy Desk, Layout, the Press, or the Wire

and the text automatically wraps around it. It's no problem if you change your mind and want to

fill a page, send them to Layout and arrange them in order; then it's off to

Service.

move the artwork later. Try making

the Press—your dot-matrix printer. By selecting the Wire Service,

similar changes with conventional

you can send or receive panels,

printing techniques, and you'll find it expensive and time-consuming.

photos, banners, or complete publi cations via telephone and your computer's modem. Newsletter re

porters and artists can upload fin

The Newsroom

ished panels to their editor as

Springboard created The Newsroom ($49.95) for journalists of all ages who want to create newsletters, fly

Photos are created in the Photo Lab and then are combined with

ers, brochures, and forms on either

text written at the Copy Desk to

letter-size or legal-size paper. It's

Each column is made up of three or four panels. If you plan to print your newsletter's name, logo, or slogan across the top of the front

page, this banner occupies the space of two panels. The program also prints legal-size pages.

person has a copy of The News

make a panel. As with most desk top publishers, once you've placed

the veteran of the Commodore desk

top publishing entries. While it may not have all the latest features, it's probably the easiest to use. Each letter-size page is divided into two columns of equal size.

deadlines approach. Every contrib utor doesn't have to use the same type of computer as long as each room—for example, the reporter could use an IBM, the artist could work on an Apple, and the editor could lay out and print the finished

a graphic on a panel, the text you

add automatically wraps around it. If you later decide to move the pic

product on a 64 or 128.

ture, just drag it to a new position,

The Newsroom comes with a

and the text still flows around it. The Newsroom provides five

disk filled with more than 600 pieces of clip art that are quick and easy to use. If you need more,

fonts in small and large sizes. Select the size and style you want, move

Springboard offers two additional volumes of clip art. The ease with

to a panel, and begin typing. You enter headlines and text directly

which The Newsroom handles graphics is a key ingredient to mak

rather than from a word processor. The work area on the screen repre

ing this program a pleasure to use.

He added that a pasted-up page could easily be

lost or damaged, making reprints difficult. Desktop publishing allows Heaney to access a disk and print back issues of the newsletter at any time. The Newsroom also saves the MACE editor's time. Heaney creates a format for each page and

only changes the contents each month. "I don't see the need to get too fancy with it," he notes.

Calendar Of Events Juat i

designed to operate with GEOS.

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Another desktop publishing program gaining in popularity is geoPublish from Berkeley Softworks,

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"I don't see how I did without it," says Rodney Gill, geoPublish user and editor of "The Interface," a

newsletter for the Montgomery Area Commodore (Computer Society in Montgomery, Alabama. "I like the way GEOS operates."

Gill uses geoPublish to convert the club mem

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bers' articles from several different word processing

and graphics formats. After conversion, he creates a template and moves the articles into it.

Before geoPublish, Gill usually had to wait until all of the articles for the newsletter were submitted

before he could begin to paste up the pages. This

sometimes required working late into the night in

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order to get the newsletter to the printer on time. "I can now do the newsletter as the articles come in and print it out a page at a time," he says. "Now the complete newsletter is finished just a cou ple of days after deadline."

MfltKV TliP fciT-rTiHP

COMPUTE!* Gazette

September 1988

geoPublish Berkeley Software offers geoPubtish

($49.95), a full-featured desktop publishing program that operates

with GEOS, As with most GEO5 ap plications, be prepared to spend some time transferring files—mak

text and graphics. geoPu blish takes files written with geoWrite and

guidelines. Guidelines are dashed horizontal and vertical lines that delineate columns. These lines ap

converts them into the fonts you

want and sets the type in the col

pear on the screen as guides for ex

umn widths you specify.

act placement of text, headlines, and graphics, but they don't show

If your text isn't written with geoWrite, the Text Grabber utility

on the printout. You can create as

converts almost any Commodore

ing work disks and backup copies

word processor file to geoWrite for mat. If you're editing a newsletter, you can use articles from several writers using a variety of word pro cessors without having to retype

before you actually start to work. A second disk drive or a RAM-expan sion unit makes copying files easier and greatly increases the operating

speed of geoPublish.

their submissions. Edit mode then

The first step in creating a doc ument with gcoPubiish is building

lets you make text changes once you have converted the file to a geo

the master page. This is where you establish your publication's basic

Publish document.

To write original headlines or to incorporate graphics, switch to the page graphics mode. A graphic

look. If you're putting together a

newsletter, the master front page might include a banner across the top, the issue number, and perhaps

can be centered, stretched, or scaled to fit any region you define on your page. A toolbox lets you add lines, circles, polygons, or other shapes to

the date. Inside master pages might

have a line across the top and bot tom, the newsletter's name in a

smaller font, and page numbers. Saving master pages will speed the layout of future editions of your newsletter. A master-page work screen has

rulers across the top and side to help you position the program's

in width from one to four columns. The geoPublish disk contains a li

This powerful mode gives you a

you started. Once you've created a master

wide selection of customizing tools and commands to fine-tune your

page, it's time to start laying out

layout.

There's even a magazine being put together with geoPublish. Self-proclaimed Commodore fanatic Roger Ledbetter also uses geoPublish to put together Geoworld (38 Santa Ynez Street, Santa Barbara, Cali fornia 93103), which bills itself as the definitive magazine about GEOS.

Prior to the availability of geoPublish, Ledbetter produced the magazine with the geoWrite word processor and geoPaint, using overlays to create the page layout. "It took quite a bit of time to do that, along with the paste work," he says. "The overlays also required a lot of experimentation. geoPublish saves me about ten hours a month." The only problem that Ledbetter encounters is the 64's hardware limitation; lack of disk space. "A

128 with RAM expansion allows It [geoPublish] to be used to its full potential. 1 prefer to use geoPublish with the 128 because it doesn't cramp you."

GEDPUBU5H.GRRPHIC5 Thir I'jint Dmers

GeoWrite Workshop Paint Drivers

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a laser printer, he achieves a near-typeset-quality

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appearance. "Nine out of ten people couldn't tell the difference," he said. "The only major difference is that it doesn't do as well in small typefaces."

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Ledbetter goes a step further to improve the

COMPUTE'S Gazette

place one object in front of another.

brary of sample master pages to get

Geoivorld

customize your layout. You can also fill them, move them, and even

many as 16 master pages, ranging

BUIlf

FOR

SPEED Now Get Inside Your Commodore with COMPUTEl's Gazette Disk.

CRU ODIDUHCH

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Now there's a way to get all the exciting, fun-filled programs of COMPUTEl's Gazeffe-already on disk—with COMPUTE!'* Gazette Disk.

Subscribe today, and month after month you'll get a new, fullytested 51/4-inch floppy disk guaranteed to run on your Commodore 64, or Commodore 128 persona! computer. COMPUTEl's Gazette Disk brings you all the latest, most chal lenging, most fascinating programs published in the corresponding issue of COMPUTERS Gazette. So instead of spending hours typing in each program, now all you do is insert the disk... and your programs load in seconds. RESULT: You have hours more time to enjoy all those great programs which appear in COMPUTEi's Gazette—programs like

SpeedScript 128, Arcade Volleyball, 3-D Sprites, Sketch Pad, Sound Manager, 1541 Speed and Alignment Tester, and hundreds more.

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Individual issues of the Disk are available for $12.95 (plus

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5.35-

BONUS

SCi

If you have Berkeley's Desk

with rulers across the top and down

Personal Nezi'slctter wraps text auto

Pack 1, you can use its Graphics

the left side of the screen. These

matically to fit your window. It also

Grabber utility to import graphics from Prfnt Shop, Newsroom, and

help you lay out and align the

wraps text around graphics. In ad

"windows" you create for your text

Print Master.

and graphics. As many as 20 win dows can be used on a single page.

dition, it lets you select italics, bold, underlined, or reversed type styles. The work screen is 80 columns

Personal Newsletter

As with all newsletters,

Personal Newsletter ($49.95), from Softsync, comes with two disks: the Master, which contains sample

newsletters and 70 pieces of dip art, and a Clip Art Disk filled with an additional 2110 business and miscel laneous drawings.

Softsync's Personal Newsletter ($49.95) isn't a stand-alone pro gram, but is designed to be used with GEOS. If you're already famil iar with geoPaint and geoWrite,

then you should have no trouble learning to use Personal Newsletter. You can use a joystick, mouse,

wide, so you'll have to scroll to see your whole page. A handy preview feature shrinks the page so you can

it's best to

see how your layout looks as your

sketch a basic

work progresses. Once you've cre

layout on paper

ated a few windows, it's best to check your design. Windows are easier to change and move before

before you sit

down at the computer,

you fill them with text and graphics.

Once you've blocked out the num ber of columns you want and where

you want your graphics, define similar windows on the screen. Stretch these windows to any size

and move them to duplicate the layout you made on paper.

You can design your own

graphics with geoPaint, use the clip art that comes with Personal News

letter, or import Print Shop graphics. You can even use digitized art if you have a video camera and a digi tizer such as Computerizes. Per

When you're ready to enter

sonal Newsletter comes with three

graphics pad, or lightpen as an in

text, you can use any of the fonts of

utility programs you can use to im

put device, just as you would with

fered with geoWrite, or you can im

port and customize existing graphics.

other GEOS applications.

port others if you have Fontpack.

When it comes time to print,

After booting with GEOS, you

Click on the font window at the top

click on the print menu and confirm

should make several Personal Neiosletter work disks before you begin

of the screen, and a list of fonts and their point sizes appears. Click on

it by clicking on the OK block. Be sure you've installed the GEOS

your newsletter. When you're ready

your choices and then move to the

driver for your printer on your

to start, a basic work screen appears

desired window and start typing.

work disk.

ing company, printed, and mailed back to you with in a few days.)

lln.

Jrt-wiiii io join your clut.

One of the newest desktop publishing programs on the market is Electronic Arts' PaperClip Publisher. FORCE, (the Fundy Organization foR Commodore Enjoyment) in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, has acquired PaperClip Publisher to produce its newsletter, "The Users Port,"

"It's very flexible, easy to use, and can handle a wide variety of graphics," says Anne Magee, who

publishes the newsletter. She notes that it didn't

take her long to do paste-up before using PaperClip Publisher, but she never attempted anything fancy.

'riemCeM cf

ihtl fat me it muiE r>» iomc

your 'xQtiV*O-

«Sil heip I hi'i bnn *blr lo otaUin from thrm, suii'd -ark qp my

disk access," she says. Nonetheless, Magee is pleased with the results she achieves. "It is amazing

to do this with a 64. A few years ago, it would've seemed impossible." 20

COMPUTErs Gaielte

September 1988

l by --*!V

itir. When

f Found OW< it

Of HMiur 41 UU1 Umt T np]y Kid the keyboard. HJ I 1hmk

ind Itlttn. ^atl nf night (or mr. Ql caw* 0 *'"i *" lime far my flfll conirit dlUDfl ihil J won foul flop py disks. Of courtr 1 cheated a LilEJr by Utuming

<nr

diiailtr, lj*lir-p mrr

torn* af you may b» M* lo

relils Id thaU Sharlly *f\*t E gOl my duk dtw* and prinl-

n. Il wU around ihn lim* E Ml farluniL* U» mrH, BJL J«w fl Doiaj at Ailrro S)ftwirr uhd iho»fd

ma \hm

bane iwpi a pound thr *w-

dvrful «mld of cO**ijiul*ri.

b*b*** 11 m Jo» that run laid mr aboul your club. Mr

Seed his ddicr lighl 4-niy, 1 rtiyrd hoimr lo ity and do

the 64's limitations. "It's slow and requires a lot of

urnl out af that wiy lo mik* mr tttl wflcoir.*.

pasting it up and tried to make it look like it does now, it would take even longer."

Like her colleagues, she has learned to live with

h pp

-iy filSl

compuitr jn D*c*mb*r jf l?87. Tii* fllll !*- Urt«

cipJuntd iJ| ih* rood ihiflgl

most word processing programs. While the program can be operated with a joystick, Magee finds smooth er control is achieved through the use of a mouse.

la lell you about ny hl\t <-o [ d d

"It takes longer to do [with PaperClip Publisher], but it looks much better," she says. "If I were still

Magee likes the way the program converts files downloaded from bulletin board services or from

kind of friendly club.

do*t dab. [ -Wd bin to iry

Ifmu^lil tf your club mrtnb*[* m* kir,d ffljujK in dn

&■ by till Soviet

New Kid on the Block

>rid h

«)

££ Pflailltarte

you do For yaur mtrnbtltNrrdlm Lo uy I didn't

thing* for mywlf arid toon Found out ju't Un-> ilupid Irtil could br.

II «J on lh* »d«w* of lew ftotn Ailron ihal I (al ■

medtrn. Th#if 1 r"tn*nd * RP-t b«rd ->1> your club Thn lint I cillrf Ray Creer ind

md in ' calm

vD,c« EHBIPE

Arid Ktlp

wil itien for a rtJingri Kf had ntvti mrX. Th*i% * -ai iny gml pirlluK lo m*vl

«ilh

Lmd* Fiuit -So

.vaiunlnrvd lo cofi*

U3 my

hgmr to iflllll na in my end* i-or to l#trn mnn aboul compylirifl.

Sh* look uf h" ff« Umr

Tim nighi *u luih

to three other people gwr cirrCliy,

t dtiful Lbr«ry of boaVi 4"d duki Ih4l cimt m ifil ' jr 1, on my ircErnd - •■■'-

My Ptlt mr*l4/i| I mtl rnDr* of youi f uie mrmberi,

and walched yuur i*cnid

round COfLUMt S3®]_F?

wii fun La see hi miny Kai-

uig such a jCAd Urnf*

II wu

mOI#

Anm

Mign

fun

Ce*rh

see

Ihw

guyi

hep-

[.. play !>■■ |>m«-

In concluiiUn if all my ■ *#ninji in ip*Al u jood n my fint i**3 E would uy you

should br **iy pinud id havt propk \he U.ei nf Mof

Gir.i, Lmd> fllUI, Gordon E^rftjntriMi ">d ihr inn your cJub. bt

in fitor

t*r Bisks

Arid I *ould

not to

mrntaon

the ihree lfl#n who ituurd

fflf Oul — THANKS Jo«, r. .. i A I'ni i I will iL*«yi

st.SH ptr bn if H any library

PaperClip Publisher Outrageous Pages was Electronic Arts' desktop publishing entry, but it was discontinued when PaperClip Publisher was released. For the price (S49.95) and the number of sophisticated features it offers, this

publishing program is hard to beat. Its work screen is similar to that of other publishing programs in that rulers at the top and side of the

screen help you accurately position columns, headlines, and graphics. Eighteen icons on the right of the screen represent tools that give you exceptional control of your lay

PaperClip Publisher comes with

its own limited supply of clip art, but you can draw your own or con vert graphics files from Print Shop, PrintMaster, Outrageous Pages, and DOODLE!. The manual notes that you can use graphics from The Newsroom, but the file converter ap parently cannot read The Newsroom directory. You can change the size of graphics, expanding or shrinking them to fit your layout, and a graphics editor lets you draw your own. You can modify graphics, print in them reverse, or even turn them upside down.

out. Simply move the cursor wilh a

joystick or mouse and then click on

an icon to activate it. When it comes

to designing a layout, you can have as many as 15 columns of text on one page.

Once you've laid out your page, draw a box where you want the copy to appear and "pour" in

the text from a number of word pro

cessors. Text flows into the box in a

printer driver and interface combi

nation that works with a 24-pin printer, but you'll have to experi ment. The best results are available

to desktop publishers who own or have access to a laser printer. You can use one to print geoPublish and

Personal Newsletter documents since GEOS supports the HewlettPackard LaserJet printer. Online services such as Quantuml.ink can also give you access to laser-printing services.

Printing can also be rather slow, depending on which printer you have. One test page with sever

al graphics took almost half an hour to print on a 1526. If you want to

send copies of your newsletter to 100 members of your club, take your master copy to a duplicating

machine or commercial printer for

the other 99 copies. Actually, dupli

cating often improves the look of

computer-printed documents by rendering the text darker.

As with any new skill, it takes time to master desktop publishing.

process that resembles the way the

fill command works on drawing

PaperClip Publisher supplies a number of clear, well-defined fonts,

programs. You can link several box

including a Greek-symbol font for

es together on the same or different pages if you need more space for

on a computer than it does using

commodates documents ranging in

use with scientific and mathemati cal expressions. There's even a Sideways font if you want to print text rotated 90 degrees. If you need

length to a maximum of 50 pages. You can convert word processing

more fonts, a converter program al lows you to import them from

especially true of the GEOS-based

your text. PaperClip Publisher ac

files from the PaperClip series, Bank Street Writer, Word Writer, or Paper-

GEOS or Outrageous Pages. Text can be printed in reverse, italics, bold,

Back Writer.

and other styles. It can even be

A straightforward text editor lets you create text right on the page

printed upside down, which is useful

for priming folded greeting cards. Ja/z up your layout with a vari

Until you become completely fa miliar with each step of your pub lishing program, you may find it takes longer to create a newsletter conventional methods. Be prepared for a lot of disk swapping. This is packages, with their numerous fileand graphic-handling utilities. Finally, desktop publishing on your 64 or 128 may not turn you into a publishing magnate over

Don't worry about the format as

ety of borders, textured back

night, but these programs can put the power of the press in your

you enter text. If a word breaks at the end of a line, don't change it. It

grounds, transparent and opaque boxes, and drop-shadow effects.

string budget, then, who knows

will be formatted properly when

Most of these effects and special

if you prefer to type text directly.

hands even if you're on a shoe

u-hat will happen after your first edition hits the streets? Even Joseph

you pour the copy into a text box.

tools are available onscreen or from

The editor includes a handy find

easy-to-use pull-down menus.

Pulitzer had to start someplace.

Drawbacks

Springboard

function that will search a docu

ment for a specific string. You can

embed as many as 13 different style codes in a document to put words in italics, underline them, reverse them, or have them print out in

subscript or superscript mode, to name a few options. When laying out text, you can justify it, center it, or have it printed flush left or flush right. Another so phisticated feature lets you adjust the amount of leading, or space be

tween lines. Such fine-tuning isn't normally found on programs in this price range.

While desktop publishers provide you with a number of powerful printing tools, they do have limita tions. Even if your printer has a

near-letter-quality mode, text print

ed on a nine-pin dot-matrix printer can't compete with the quality of

fered by commercial printers. For truly professional applications, you may hesitate to release work print ed on a nine-pin. A 24-pin printer is better, but

none of the programs have drivers to support them. You may find a

Tho Newsroom 7808 Creekritige Cir.

Minneapolis, MW 554.15 gcoPublish

Berkeley Svftzmrks

2150ShattuckAve. Berkeley, CA 94704

Personal Newsletter

Softsync 162 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10016 PaporClip Publisher

Electronic Arts 1820 Gateway Dr. San Mateo, CA 94404 COMPUTERS Ga;el/o

ÂŠ September 19BB

Editors and Readers

Do you have a question or a problem? Have you discovered something that could help other Commodore users? We

want to hear from you. Write to Ga

You don't need a special routine for this; the capability to redirect output to anoth er device is built into all eight-bit Com modore computers. To disassemble to your

6999

REM

7000

REM

7010

READ IN NS ARRAY INPUT"ENTER

LE TO

printer rather than to the screen, just

7020

OPEN

P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403.

make the printer the current output de

7030

REM

We regret that, due to the volume of

vice. The following line, entered from

zette Feedback, COMPUTERS Gazette,

mail received, ive cannot respond indi vidually to programming questions.

Television, Computer Style 1 have been wondering if there is any way that 1 can convert my Commodore

BASIC, directs output to the printer and puts you in the monitor:

NAMES NAME

INTO OF

SORT";FS 2,8,2,FS:NN=0

TWO

BYTE

FILE

HEAD

7040

GETI2,AS:GET#2,A$

7050

GETI2,AS:IF

7060

7110 REM 31

OPEN4,4:CMD4:MONITOR

Henceforth, when you disassemble your machine language code (with the D

XC XJ

'<'

STOB

THEN

CARRIAGE

RETURN

7070 T=ASC<AS+"@") 7080 IF T=31 THEN NA=NN+1:I F

command}, the output is sent to the print

NN>MX THEN

NOT

PRINT"ARR

LARGE

EN0UGH":G

7090

NS (NN)=NS(NN)+AS:NN = NA

like to be able to use it as a monitor for

er. For instance, suppose you wanted a copy of the disassembly from S0C0O through $0C36. You would enter

7100

GOTO7050

my 64, too.

D 0C00 0C36

7110

NS(NN)=NS(NN)+C!!RS (31)

7120

CLOSE2:RETURN

7999

REM

8000

REM

exit the monitor with X and then type

8001

l'RINT#4:CLOSE4

B002

REM CALL WITH STRINGS ISPACEJIN NS!) REM NN IS NUMBER OF ST

8303

REM

8010

ORED IN B() IF NN^<0 THEN

1702 monitor into a color TV. I'd still

Jameson K. Dedon

Weslfield, MA Computer monitors closely resemble televi sions, and the relationship between the two

is more than skin deep. In fact, composite video monitors are little more than televi sions with the television tuner removed.

from within the monitor. When you finished printing, you'd

to turn color monitors into full television sets. The tuner is commonly a small box

with a channel-selection dial. Tuners typically cost less than $100. Look for ads that frequently run in this magazine. You may already have a tuner: your VCR. A computer monitor and VCR go to

gether like hand and glove. Your VCR has a tuner, but no picture tube. Your monitor has a picture tube, but no tuner. To con nect the two, you'll need a cable with two male RCA connectors. Plug one end into the composite output of your VCR, the other into the composite input on the front of your monitor. Change channels zi'ilh

the VCR tuner. If your 64 is hooked up

through the rear connections of the moni tor, you can easily switch between televi

sion and computer with the front/back selection switch on the back of the monitor.

MERGE

SORT

RINGS

(o restore output to the screen.

Over the years, many companies

have sold TV I liners specifically designed

OTO7120

SORTED

POINTERS

PRINT"NO

NAMES HAVE BEEN D (NN)":RETURN

Alphabetizing a SpeedScript Name List

1 am a beginning programmer who is

8030

8040

having lots of problems. I'm trying to write a program to alphabetize a list of names. The names are kept in a SpeedScript file with their telephone numbers next to them. Can you suggest a way to

8020

FOR

1=0

LOADE

NN:A[I)=I:N

EXT

SIZE=1:A=0:PRINT"SORTI NG . .. " P1=A:P2=A+SIZE:PB=A:MP ■A+SIZE*2:IF

S050

N MP=NN+1 IF P2>=MP 1

do this?

MP>NN

THEN

FOR

THE

I=P

A+SIZE-1JB(PB)=A[

I):PB=PB+ltNEXT:GOTO

Ken Davis Baltimore, MD

The BASIC program below sorts a list of names stored in a SpeedScripl text file. It

consists of three subroutines. The first, be ginning at line 7000, reads in the SPEEDSCRIPT file. The second, at line 8000,

performs a merge sort on the names. And the third, at line 9000, creates a SPEED-

SCRIPT file containing the names in al

120

8060

IF NS(A(P1))<NS(A(P2)) THEN B(PB)=A(P1):P1=P

8070

B(PB)=A(P2):P2=P2+1:PB

8BS0

1*1:PB=PR+1:GOTO

8100

= PB + 1

P2>=MP

THEN

FOR

I=P

1 TO A+SIZE-1:B(PB)=A< I)SPB=PB+1:NEXT:GOTO 8 120

8090

GOTO

8100

8060

P1>=A+SIZE

THEN

FOR

I=P2 TO MP:B(PB)=A(I) !PB=PB+1:NEXT:GOTO 812

phabetical order.

128 ML Printouts I have been looking for a screen-dump program that will allow me to print out

hardcopies of my machine language monitor listings on the 128. Do you know of such a routine? Jim Muller

Binghamton, NY 22

COMPUTE'S Gazetto

Sopiombor 1988

Mli

HEM MX IS MAXIMUM ARRAY (SPACE)SIZE MX=15:D1M NS (MX ) , A (MX) ,B

HEM

(MX) AS[)

ONLY

[SPACE)IF

¥OU

STORED

STRINGS

NEEDED

WANT IN

8110

GOTO

8120

A»A+SIKE*2:IF

3130

GOTO

8140

FOR

DIM

GOSUB SUB

AS(MX)

7010:GOSUB

901B:END

8010:GO

804H

1=0

NM:A[I)=B(I

):NEXT MQ

8150

SIZE=SI2E*2:IF

8160

THEN 8180 A=0:GOTO 8040

9170

rem

RRAY JR

A>=NN

a 110

JD SORTE

8060

SIZE>NN

remove the

rem

put

sor

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TED

STRINGS

INTO AS

RftY

8180

REM

FOR

1=0

KN:AS(I

)=NS(B(I)):NEXT RC

B190

RETURN

8999

REM

903(1

REM

9010

INPUT'ENTER

9023

TPUT OPEN

SAVES

SCRIPT

SORTED

FILE

SPEED

DISK

NAME

9030

REM WRITE

TWO

BYTE

HEA

DGR FQ

9340

PRINTI2,CHRS(0);CHRS(3

905H

7); FOR

1-0

9060

PRINT#2,NS(B(I));

FP HQ

9070 9080

NEXT PRINT#2,CHKS(31);:CLOS E

9090

unsorterf file with as many as 15 entries. If you hope more than this, adjust the vari able MX in line 20.

FILE";FS 2,B,4,F5+",P,W":A

Choose a distinct filename. Once the al phabetized file is written, use SpeedScript ffl examine or print its contents. Currently, the program accepts an

RETURN

To prepare your name list for sorting,

are on side 0 and tracks 36-70 are on side

Double Trouble 1 would like to know how to read the other side ofa disk on a 128 with a 1571 disk drive. If I format the disk in 128 mode, is it formatted on boih sides or do I have to turn it over? The manual doesn't say anything about that. I have :CLOSE15, but it doesn't work. Can you help?

what your unsorted file should look like: Lincoln, Abraham 555-7777 Washington, George 555-8888 Adams, John 555-4444 Roosevelt, Franklin 555-1213

When you run the program, enter the

name of the unsorted file at the prompt. The program reads the file from disk, sorts it, and then requests an output filename.

1. To read from side 1, you must request

information from one of the tracks on that side (36-70). The 1571 can be made to format disks on only one side by placing it in 1541 em

ulation mode. In 1541 mode, the 1571 be haves like a 1541—even using only one side of a disk. The command to place the 1571 into 1541 mode is

tvtorad Askar West Germany

OPEN15,8,15,"U0>M0":Cl.OSE 15

y users are confused by the difference

OPEN15,8,15,"UO>M1":CLOSE15

place the last name first in each entry, fol lowed by the first name and telephone manlier. Separate individual entries with a carriage return. Here is an example of

command repeated. Both sides of a doublesided disk maij be read without your hav ing to turn the disk over; single-sided disks must be pipped if you want to read the other side. Disks formatted on the 1571 in its na tive mode are formatted on both sides.

When the 1571 formats a disk, tracks 1-35

tried using O'PEN 15,8,15,"UO>H1"

formatted. To format the other side, the disk must be flipped over and the formal

between formatting a double-sided disk and formatting both sides of a single-sided disk. A double-sided disk drive has two

read/write heads—one for side 0 and one for side 1. A single-sided disk drive has only one read/write head—the one for side 0. When a disk is formatted double-

sided, both sides of the disk are formatted

To return to 1571 mode, type

Altering Error Messages Is there any way to intercept an error

message, on both the 64 and 128, .md

j>o to a subroutine dependent on the error encountered? Steve Sheldon

at the same time. When a disk is formatted single-sided, only one side of the disk is

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A number of important BASIC routines, including the error han

dler, vector through a jump table In RAM. Before BASIC prints an error message, it uses location 768 (in both the 64 and the 128)

for the address of the error-handler routine. Normally the twobyte pointer at 768 directs BASIC to the ROM routine that dis plays the appropriate error message, such as SYNTAX ERROR,

ILLEGAL QUANTITY ERROR, and so forth. But since the error

vector is in RAM, you can substitute the address of your own

error-message routine in place of the standard one.

For example, when you type in BASIC programs having

many numeric DATA statements that are POKEd to memory, you'll frequently get an error that's difficult lo pin down. If you accidentally include a number higher than 255 and run the pro gram, you'll get the error message 71LLEGAL QUANTITY IN LINE xx. But the line given as xx is the one containing the READ statement rather than the one with the errant data. The READ

works just fine (it's legal to READ numbers greater than 255), but the POKE causes the problem.

The short program below, taken from COMPUTE! Books' Machine Language Routines for the 64 and 128, solves this

problem. Ordinarily, the error vector at 768 points to a routine

that prints either a BASIC error message or the READY prompt.

Using the .X register, this routine locates the error message in a table within BASIC and then prints it. If you're in program mode,

the number of the line that's currently being executed is taken from CURLIN (location 57 on the 64; location 59 on the 128) and

computer, just enter the appropriate version and type RUN. Both programs require only 26 bytes. The 64 version resides at loca tion 49152, and the 128 version, at 4864.

64 Version: FH

20 FORI = 49152TO49152+2S:Rf:ADft:P0KEl,A:X=X +

REM

VEKSION

IFXO26G0T!!E:vfRINT"rjftTA

.":STOP SYS49152

A:NEXT

50 DATA

DATA

STATEMENT

ERKOH

169,11,141,0,3,169,192,141,1,3

96, 224, It,208,8,165,63,133,57,165

EM 70 DATA 64,133,58,76,139,227

128 Version: HA

REM

BANK15:FORI=4864TO4864~25:READA:POKEI,A

128

VERSION

IFXO2269TriENPRINT"i:>ATA ." iSTO!'

:X=X+A:NEXT

STATEMENT

ERROR

'GX 40 SYS4a64 BP 50 FM 60

DATA 1S9,11,H1,0,3,169,19,141,1,3 DATA 96,224,14,208,8,165,65,133,59,165

DATA

66,133,60,76,63,77

„

is printed as well.

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#<EWEDGE

STA

IDA STA

*>l IvTDCL

low byte first ihtn hi^h bytp

SOFTWARE CATALOG

761

RTS

Jnd nil Ihi* s^Uip Miutlnt' Upon entry, .X conuins the errur

number. We iel Ihe IJtltBI handl.- jll errors n«pl >hr iIIcrjI qi'milA' error (error N)

EWE DC E

CPX BNb

#H EXIT

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EXIT

LDA STA LDA

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IMP

BKHNOR

DAT1 l\ I1ATMN-U

lux b>!t tint Ihcn hijh h^tr jnd eumlf Hit ndinul error hjndlir

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Here, ERRRDT changes the error vector to point to a custom error handler at EWEDGE. If an error other than an illegal quan

tity error occurs (.X<> 14), normal error handling will result. But if .X contains a 14 upon entry into EWEDGE—meaning an illegal quantity has occurred—the current DAIA line number (DATUN)

will be stored into the current BASIC line (CURLIN) before the

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normal error handler executes. And so, in our example above, in

stead of telling us that the error occurred in the line with the READ statement, with this routine in place, BASIC reports the

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actual DATA line containing the typo.

Of course, this routine fails to distinguish among the many possible sources of illegal quantity errors. If your program con tains a POKE 251,257, for instance, the error message that results will erroneously point you to the last DATA line that was read. Because of this, you should limit the use of this wedge to BASIC programs that contain many numeric DATA statements—pri marily BASIC loaders of machine language object code. The programs below are BASIC loaders—for the 64 and 128,

respectiiH'ly—containing the above machine language routine in

DATA statements. To install the custom error handler in your

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September 1988

Murder at Palenque

disc has become a magic carpet. A family can sit in its living room in Midland, Michigan, and instantly

Fred D'lgnazio

Contributing Editor I was in

Palenque,

a mysterious

Maya ruin hidden deep inside a steaming tropical rain forest on the Yucatan Peninsula in Central America. I climbed the steep, crum bling stone stairs of Palenque's an cient temple. At the top I paused, panting, sweating, my pulse throb bing in my ears. As I looked out

be transported thousands of miles to Palenque, one of the most re

mote and mysterious places in the Western Hemisphere. You land in Palenque as if you were swooping in on a glider from above the ruins. (They used a glider

to capture some breathtaking aerial

currently working on.

Three weeks later 1 was in New York City at Kathy's office. This time I got a hands-on demonstra tion. And I was impressed. As part of Kathy's ongoing research using

Palenque as a learning tool, she has organized teams of students to do different tasks. All of the teams use the Palenque videodisc as raw ma terial for team productions. A team

of Explorers go on expeditions as if

across the undulating jungle cano

shots of the site.} You navigate your way through the buildings by mov

py, I heard the shrieks of howler

ing the joystick. Everything is 3-D.

monkeys. I longed to throw myself into the cool, bubbling waterfall 1 heard somewhere near the temple. But I couldn't stop. My best friend had been brutally murdered. And it was up to me to find the kill

You move the joystick forward, and

er. My instincts told me that he (or

she?) had fled to the tomb of Pacal,

self-controlled movement con vinces your imagination that you

Palenquo's greatest ruler. But the

are somehow really there.

tomb lay buried in the ruins, pro

mentaries targeted at other kids

Kathleen Wilson, who had just fin

But as I watched Kathy demon strate Palenque, I couldn't help thinking that what she was giving us was not the kind of trip a child would love. Something was miss ing. Kathy took us through the ru ins at a slow, leisurely pace, like a good tour guide, stopping frequent ly to point out things that adults think are educational and that chil dren find boring. I had the sudden urge to wrestle the joystick from her and jam it forward. Instead of walking, I wanted to run about 60

ished her Palenque presentation as

miles per hour through Palenque,

digitized video, 3-D motion graph

part of Lesley College's tenth annual Computers in Education conference.

hopping over huge stones and leap

ics, and hi-fi digitized audio.

ing across pits. Then I saw the problem. Kathy

Into the jungle

was presenting Palenque in

tected by winding mazes, steep

cliffs, and creepy, crawly things I couldn't see in the murky jungle

twilight. I heard a clapping sound. Could it be the killer? I squeezed through a narrow passageway

around a carved stone, and. ...

And I was back in the auditori um at Lesley College, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The audience was giving a thunderous ovation to Dr.

you move forward; right, and you turn right. At selected points you can look up at the sky and down at

your feet. The process of 3-D vi suals, jungle sound effects, and

they were jungle archaeologists. A team of Treasure Hunters try to find hidden treasure and then write up their experiences as eyewitness re

porters would. Members of the third team (my favorite), the Movie

Makers, make movies about Palen que using the audio, video, and computer graphics from the video

disc. Their movies, ranging from Vh to 20 minutes long, are docu their age.

Medium of the Future

After only two hours with Kathy at Bank Street, 1 came away with more appreciation for the new DVI (Digi tal Video Interactive) technology

invented by GE/RCA's David Sarnoff Research Center. Sarnoff engi neers have created a custom (VLSI) chip set that goes into a personal computer. These chips control a CDROM player to call up full-motion

Kathy's demonstration was stupen

"browse" mode. We were browsing

1 also began to understand the real journey Kathy and her asso ciates are making. It goes far be yond a visit to a Maya ruin. Kathy's

dous, the technology unbelievable. As part of the new "Voyage of the Mimi" TV series and multimedia

through Palenque as if it were a

work, I now see, is paving the way

learning package produced by the Bank Street College in New York, Kathy had taken four film crews

into the Yucatan jungle, where they shot enough footage to create an in

teractive videodisc. Now linked with a computer and a joystick, the 2S

COMPUTEVs Gazette

September 19BB

huge museum, and we were careful not to upset any of its ancient dust.

What we needed was a good

for us to fully exploit the potential of multimedia computing in the

1990s. At that time, using optical

murder. Some drama, excitement.

disks, we'll have access to video im

Something to really capture kids' interest. I told Kathy this after her

ages, sounds, music, voices, text,

speech. To my surprise, she smiled

and other multimedia pioneers are

and told me to come to her Bank Street office to see what she was

showing us how we will someday

animated graphics, and more. Kathy

navigate this medium.

II you wish !o place your order rjy phone

please ca'l 2D6-254-6530 Add £300

shipping & handling. S2 00 Id COD on

all orders Ysa. M<C accepted Dealer inqjif.es invited

C /( Q

Software Submissions Invited

We are looking for HACKER STUFF: print ulililios.

parameters, telecommunicaiions. and the unusual

We now have over 1.000 parameters in stock!

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SCAMER.

ory. Inside the trench coat is a gun, a

Deja Vu fl graphics-and-lext adventure has been a staple of the computer gaming market practically from the beginning. Wizardry, Bard's Tale, Amazon, Perry

Mason, The Pawn, Faery Talc Adventure, Questran, and a host of others make up the history, with each game emphasiz

ing something slightly different. De spite this rich history, it is the rare game that merges text and graphics effective ly. Most choose to hang a bit of text on a predominantly graphics orientation or to offer pictures that correspond to the situation in the text. Putting the two to gether has been the hard part. This is the challenge that 1C0M Simulations set for itself in 1985. Its

first effort, designed for Apple's thennew Macintosh, was a detective adven

wallet, and a few other items, while all around you arc things you can almost, but not quite, remember.

As you leave the washroom and go

through Hie bar, a few things become evident. First, you're not especially popular. The police will happily arrest

you and toss you in jail. Second, there seem to be a number of people lying in wait for you, though there is no initial proof of this. There is proof, though, of a body clutching a telephone, a syringe

and some strange medicines, and a trail littered with near-memories. A number of things stand between you and your recovered memory. The

first is time. If you take too long to figure out what's going on, your memory will

simply lapse into oblivion. Second, if you spend too long in one place, the po-

ture called Deja Vu. It was designed to teract with the picture on the screen while a text window explained what

tions of rooms and items. Partly be cause good Mac games were rare at the time, and partly because it was simply a very good game, Deja Vu became very popular very quickly. Since then, Mindscape has re

leased two similar products: The Unin

There is real mystery here, and you will quickly find yourself wanting to know just who you are.

vited and Shadowkeep, Meanwhile, Deja Vu has been ported first to the Amiga,

has been to the Commodore 64. The challenge in transferring from the 68000 processors of the Mac and Amiga to the eight-bit processor of the

64 was to recreate the smooth interface of the original. The 64 is an excellent machine, but its speed simply isn't up

to the standard of the more powerful computers, and it doesn't have a stand ard mouse interface. I can report with pleasure that the conversion has been a successful one. A

little has been lost in the translation, particularly in the disk speed and the in clusion of a joystick-oriented rather than mouse-based interface, but on the whole Deja Vu seems quite at home on the 64. In fact, it's heartily recommended. A bit of background: As the lead ing character in Deja Vu, you wake up in the toilet stall of a seedy bar. All you

have is a trench coat and a failing mem28

COMPUTEI's Gazoao

September 19S8

all very easy.

A problem with the joystick inter face is that the arrow moves much more slowly than it does with a mouse. Knowing this, the programmers eased things somewhat. The number keys on the 64's keyboard operate the menu bar, with 1 activating Examine, 2 acti

vating Open, and so on. This will quick ly become your preferred means of issuing commands, since it requires much less joystick maneuvering. Another option is the default com

mand. If you're facing an unlocked door, for example, you need only dou ble-click the fire button, and the door will open. This replaces the Open com mand from the menu. Once the door is open, double-clicking again moves you screen on the bottom right makes movement through the bar and around the town easier still. The 64 version of Deja Vu is proba bly as friendly as it can be, but some things still annoy. Loading the pictures

takes, cumulatively at least, a long time. This becomes frustrating after a while. Also, the save-game disk has no menu, so make note of what each save posi tion means. Besides this, the graphics are nut as sharp as they are on the Mac

or the Amiga (naturally), which makes

then to the Atari ST, and then to the MS-DOS world. The most recent port

on the Crocodile. It all works, and it's

into the next room, A small Location

give players a graphics interface to in

was happening and offered descrip

upon. Hiring your gun at the crocodile, for instance, means Operating the Cun

some of the pictures slightly confusing. lice will capture you. Third, you can get killed. Down in the sewer lives a man-

Add these up, and you get a game that

eating crocodile, and a nearby car has

Deja Vu's strengths, however, out weigh its problems quite easily. The in terface is smooth and well-cnnsidered,

more wrong with it than simply a noisy

muffler. More obstacles await, but you'll have to discover these for yourself. What sets Deja Vu apart from other graphics-and-text adventures is its user

interface. Your joystick maneuvers an

arrow around the screen. At the top of the screen, a menu bar contains com

mands such as Examine, Open, Speak, Operate, and Consume. To examine an

object, for example, move the arrow

into the Examine box, press the fire but ton, and then point the arrow al the de sired object. Press the fire button again, and the text box will tell you what you've found. More impressive is the

plays fairly slow.

and the whole package is attractively designed. More importantly, it's an in teresting situation. There is real mys

tery here, and you will quickly find yourself wanting to know just who you

are. To this extent. Deja Vu is quite ad dictive. Knowing that, it's pleasant to

realize that The Uninvited and S/iniio;i'ﾂ｣i7f<' are both under development for the 64 environment.

窶年eil Randal! Deja Vu

Operate command. Click on Operate,

3444 Dundee Rd.

then on the object you want lo Operate, then on the item you want it to act

$34.95

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Ticket to Washington, D.C. When a program is successful, it's apt to

spawn a whole school of similar soft ware. Some of these programs may be virtual clones, some may be mere spinoffs, and still others may be cheap imi tations that lack the character of the original. Almost inevitably, the original program sets the standard by which all the others are judged. By combining the elements of travel, graphics adventures,

gentleman, will give you a clue. Com pile enough clues, and you can figure out the identity of the famous Ameri can. Solve enough of these puzzles, and

you'll be admitted to the Hall of Fame of... well, that, according to the man ual, is a national secret.

The quiz questions in Ticket to

Washington, D.C. fall into a category most of us would recognize as social studies (history, culture, art, geography, civics, politics), and they're usually re lated in a general way to the location at

When you visit Ml. Vernon, be prepared for questions about Washington's work

trivia games, mysteries, and arcade ani mation, Ticket to Washington, D.C. is

bound to be compared to Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (and the oth er programs in that series). So how does

lidel to Washington, D.C. measure up to this paragon of software virtue? Quile well, thank you.

More direct in its attempt lo edu

cate you. Blue Lion Software's new pro gram has you seeking the identity of a

famous American. You earn leads by answering quiziike questions posed by

your Washington guide. (We nick named her "Teacher" because of her appearance and because she was al ways asking questions.) These leaiis take you all over Washington via seven detailed maps. Track a lead to the right location, and vour contact, a somewhat stiff-faced

PART

If you liked the

as an architect. The leads are more cryptic than the questions, and each is directly related to

combination of

one of the 45-plus locations in the

entertainment and

diplomats dire" would suggest you go

education in Carmen

Sandiego, you'll like Ticket to Washington, D.C.

game. For instance, the lead "Where to—oops!—can't give that away! Clues

provide biographical data on the fam ous American whose identity you are seeking. One clue reads: "In his diary he referred to himself as cold and austere."

This game is not easy. Our daugh ter warns you to wear your thinking

which you are quizzed. At the National Air and Space Museum building of the Smithsonian, you may be asked when the first walk on the moon took place.

cap, and she's right. While Blue Lion was thoughtful enough to enclose a note pad for you to use in recording

your clues, a reference book of some sort would have proved more helpful.

Some of the questions seem obscure,

ESTERN EUROPEAN TOUR' Scenery Disk is so beautiful It

want to make it the centerpl Scenery Disk collection! This is part tour o. a five-port guided tour from

Red Square. This month we continue our t™

Germany. Flying over Frankfu can be a harrowing experience. He have a close encounter with a telecomrnunicalions lower.

Next stop, Stuttgart! We must app the city carefully, avoiding the mi ranges on bolh sides of our flight Next month - on to Moscow! "Find Red Square" Contest! Find Red Square in Moscow and enter to win a real trip for two to

Europe, courtesy of SubLOGlC and TWA! See the SubLOGlC Product Chart at your dealer or write SubLOGlC for complete details and contest rules.

TWA

LOGIC

Corporation

501 Kenyon Road

COMPUTERS Gazette

September 1988

BACK 1983 July (premier issue)—Word Hunt. Enliven ing Programs with Sound. Snake Escape, Skydiver August—Your Firsl Hour with a Computer, The Viper, VIC/64 Mailing Lisl, Wordspell.

ISSUES

COMPLETE YOUR COLLECTION!

ANY ISSUE FOR $5

April—Omicron, Music Improvisor, 1'nnt Shop io GEOS, TurboSave I28, TurboSave 64. Countdown Timer Vay—SpcedSmpt :<<>, Powrball, Cassette Sleeve Maker, No-SYS Loader, Fast Bool, tlamcporls

Jons—Bingo, Fraction Practice, Kree-lorm

Checkbook Reporter. Stales & Capitals Tutor

Issues not listed are sold out. Limited quanti

(V/64)

ties available.

July—Basketball Sam & U. Calendar

Drive (Pt. I), Martian Prisoner, Munchmath.

Order today!

signer, GEOS File Storage. Tex! Framer August—Bounty Hunter, Sprite Magir, Sprite

ili-Kes GrapbJci Made Simple

September—Telecomputing, Demon Star,

N'm ember—Getting Started with a Disk How to Make Custom Characters (V/G4) December—A Survival Guide lor lie pinners. Getting Started with a Disk Drive (Pi. 2), Spare Duel, Bowling Champ, Budget Planner

I28 Maker. Crash Prevention. 128 Graph De

Note: Only selected titles are listed In contents for each issue

1984 iVbruary—Getting Started with a Disk Drive (\'\. 1). Haunted Mansion, Checkers, Speed

Filer, Disk Vacuum. Hl-Ru Graptllca on the

April-Turbo Copy, CP/M on the 128, Direc

Stamp, M-Column Sector Editor (12S) Helative Files

September—Sub Attack, Exercise Pacer, Screen Maker. Impossible Scroll, Video Slide Show, Ru-Cnlumn Magic October—SpeedScript 12S, Chopper Pilot, Stars: A Simulation ul the Heavens, Directory Magic, Font Printer, Animator 64

Reader, Typing Derby, Mow to Use Arrays

tory filer, 128 Window*, Input Windows

July —Ultrafotlt +. Beekeeper, Sparc Patrol, Robot Math. Downloading, What is Machine

Klondike, Super Synth, Word Counter

November—Litterbllg, Sketch Pad. Poster Printer, Renumber G4, Accessing the I28's

June—Solarpix. (juirk Key, Kontmakcr. Help

KO-Column Screen

.Screens, 64 AutoHnut Maker

DiTiinhiT—Crossroads. Snake Pit, Word

Language?

AugUt—Selecting B Printer Interlace, Cam

paign Manager, Sprile Magic S('i"g Search, Disk Purge

October—The Tomb. Cabby. Quiz Master,

tocab Builder. First Aid. VIC Music Tutor,

May—Arcade Baseball, Vampyre Hunter,

July—Saloon Shootout, Budget Planner,

Kind, Animal Match, Disk Rapid Transit,

Math Worksheet, Sound Designer 128, CP/M

PrlnlScreen, GeoTrash Restorer

Public Domain Software August—Address Cata!oger, TurboDisk 64,

Turtle Graphics Interpreter

TurtoDisk 128, Boldlace Print, 128 Sprite

fiuvember—Buyer's Guide to Modrms, C/(l

Rotator

Terminal Program, Bagdad. Snpertank,

Si'|il r in In* r—Ultrafonl

t . Video Jigsaw,

1988

January—How to Buy a Modern. Buyer's (iuide to Modems, Needlework Graphics Edi tor, Tile Paint, Sound Manager

Jump, llmlgeleer, Disk Auto Load

Window Wizard, Fait File Copier, 80-Coltimn Character Editor, Dt>s window

February—Buyer's Guide to Graphics Pro grams, Easy Load. Turbo SpeedScript, Put

1985

October—Pigl [or BucU, Ringside Karate, Menu System, 128 Sound & Music (Pt. I)

March—CP/H Software (or the 128 (PI. 1),

August—Mixing Text and Hi-Kes Graphics, Disk Backup, Code Cruncher, Ili-Kes Tuolbox September—MazeMania, Weather Prophet,

Printer Wedge, QuickScan

November—Backgammon, Power Poker, MiltlC Maker, Dlgl-CIOCk, Exploring 128 BASIC December—.Whirljbird, Dragon's Den,

Graphics Construction Set, SpeedCheck, Disk File Archiver

1986 January—Sprint A Compiler. BASIC Win dows, The Past Assembler. Disk Disassembler, Off-Screen Trace

November—PHI-64, 128 Keywords, 1526

XPressCard 128, ML (loner, Big Screen,

Underliner, Turbo Format, 128 Sound &

Color Lister

Music (Pt. 2) nber—Q-llird. Miinn Rescue. The Ani

April-CP/M Software for the 128 (Pt. 2), 3-D Speedway. Speedl'ile 84, Ramdisk 128.

mals1 Show (1281, Sprite Locator, liar Char

Mirrors

ter, 128 Quicksort. 128 Sound & Music

(PL 3}

1987 January—Keyword Construction Set. One-

Touch Function Key. QEOS Icon Changer, CP/M: Surviving with -10 Columns

February—Collision Course. Division Worksheet, MettBASIC B-i, MctaBASIC 128.

Miinli—Number Construction Set. Cat'

128 DOS Wedge. 128 Sound & Music (Pt, 1) Mill eh—Kiugside liming, Color Cr»[t, 12S HAM Expansion, CP/M HAM Expansion,

alOgCT, 128 Auto Hoot. ASCII Teleconverier

Sprite Manager

February—Lexltron, Snapshot, 12H Memory Map, Disk Editor, Custom Labels

f.4 Mode (or the 128

May—Networking the 64. Guide to User Groups (i't. I). Treasure Diver, MOUMaker, 128 Math Graphics, 1541 Speed S Alignment Tesler

June— Buyer's (iuide to Printers, Guide l« User Groups (I't. 2), Arcade Volleyball, Excelfont-80 (128), Graphics Wedge July-Hard Disk Drives for the 64/128. Civil

War on Disk, Quick Save, Error Analyzer. SYK Stamper

August—MIDI Made Simple. Buyer's Guide tn Music Software, Cribbuge (128), UH Shell Bnoter, il-D Sprites, Zoom

FOR ORDER INFORMATION AND FORM, SEE PAGE 47. Corresponding monthly disks are available only for issues from January 1986 forward.

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particularly if you are unfamiliar with the city of Washington. But therein lies

transition belween them is as smooth as the closing of one window and the

some of Ticket's charm, for there is

opening of another. When you choose

much to learn from the program. Re peated exposure to the quiz questions

and open again, this time on a graphics

and clues will eventually improve your knowledge of social studies. Astute players will even find the answers to

the clues among the questions asked. Tracking down leads is somewhat edu

cational, but even more, it shows you what there is to see and do in Washing ton and how to get around the city. This is accomplished by the the in

clusion of a D.C. Metro System Pocket Guide and seven excellent maps. The

maps are both artistic and accurate, and

to enter a location, the windows close

representation of the location. These

graphics are beautifully done, appar ently based on the actual pictures

which adorn Ihe manual. You can, if you wish, open an Information window about a place before you enter it. The window de scribes the location briefly. This feature comes in handy, as you must solve your case in two weeks, and each stop ad vances the clock an hour, lnformalion lets you decide whether entering a

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place will really help. We did run into problems at the Sackler Gallery, how ever. Instead of getting information, we got a disk error. As far as we could tell, the description for the gallery was acci dentally left off the disk.

Ticket to Washington, D.C. does not break new ground. As noted earlier, it is

one of those programs belonging to the school instituted by Carmen SanmegO. It is solidly executed, and because of that it's a lot of fun to play. We—our daugh ter included—found ourselves return

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that you buy another mystery novel be cause you liked the first, those of you who luce Carmen Sandiego will want to

check out Ticket to Washington, D.C. Those of you who are unfamiliar with either program but like to combine en tertainment with education (or vice versa) should try both. Without com

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Everything from Electronic Mail (E-mail) to stock quotes and huge databases of every imaginable

Ticket to Washington, D.C.

type is now on line to the small computer owner

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Whal is Hayes" compatibility'H's Ihe industry siandart) and about all modem manufacturers have adopted the "AT" (Hayes) command sel. Beware ol those who don't. Virtually all software being written now uses Hayes commands Be sure ihe modem you buy is truly Hayes' and_Commodore 1670" compatible iherelore usable in all situations and with all services, Let's compare Mimmodem-C™ with the 1670', Avatex-e and Volks 6480" Minimodem-C"

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Avatex-e

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X-15 Alpha Mission Don't pick this one up thinking you are

buying a flight simulator. The title is simply an example of using buzzwords to sell a product and has nothing to do with the X-15 research aircraft. However, if you're looking for an arcade target

shoot that may be unbeatable, X-15 Al pha Mission could be just what you need.

cent of the screen. Ranged around it are

though you never really seem to change

displays for thrust, altitude, radar, com pass heading, speed, fuel, damage sus

forward on the joystick sends you up,

tained, and number of hits scored against the enemy. It is a busy screen. Before you can fly the X-15, you must pass a test in which you match the

cities unless they're paid a ransom. Ob viously, this tactic has certain advan tages over kidnapping journalists and diplomats, and an organization known as NSA has selected you to fly the X-15 into space and destroy the extortionists. Something else is going on, how ever. Whether it is the work of terrorists

or simply a bad day, the skies are filled with hostile helicopters, saucer-shaped objects, and some things that look like boomerangs. Before you can even think about flying to the space station, you'll have to fight your way through these airborne objects. There's just one little hitch: They don't fight fair. After an introductory display of your orders, you find yourself with a cockpit view of an aircraft. The wind screen view occupies the central 40 per

logically.

At the bottom left of your control

down from ten seconds. A bar moves

panel is a grid showing your position and your destination. During the course

your windscreen, and a clock counts

of the game, your position will change,

but it's dreadfully slow. It may take for

ed in the form of secret orders, stating space station into orbit; the terrorists are threatening to annihilate American

and a backward pull sends you down— unless you press the SHIFT LOCK key, in which case your joystick acts

buildup of thrust. A scale appears in

You begin with a scenario, present

that a terrorist group has put an armed

altitude. Controls are reversed. A push

ever to find the space station.

not a flight simulator—

The enemy aircraft attack almost as soon as you are airborne, and here the sluggish speed of the cursor and the

but it is an arcade target

caps. A helicopter, nicely done in wire

X-15 Alpha Mission is

shoot that may be unbeatable.

small size of the windscreen are handi frame graphics, can move across your

narrow field of vision so quickly that you may not have time to bring your sights (a set of crosshairs) to bear. Since

it will fling a missile at you, your only choice may be to get out of the way.

across the scale, and you press the fire button to match your bar to the one controlled by the computer. On the way

back, you match your bar by pulling back on the joystick. Failure to keep a close match resets the game by sending

you back for training. While this re quires some arcade skills, it is an unnec

essary exercise and not one for which anyone would purchase the game.

Now you can begin flying, al-

Helicopters that attack head on are

easier to deal with. You see them first as white specks in the distance, and, as

they gradually grow in size, you should have plenty of time to lay your sights and fire off a missile. Hits are impres

sive, with the screen flashing red and shards of the aircraft fanning out around the explosion. You'll be credited for the hit on the gauge at the lower right, while hits on you appear as a percent of dam age on a gauge at the lower left. While helicopters can be de stroyed, I did not find this to be the case with the boomerang-shaped objects. Though they appear in the distance and

approach head-on, the combination of their erratic movements and your slug

gish joystick makes it difficult to align your sights. Even when you do score a hit, it has no effect and the boomerang crashes into you anyway.

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This, or a hit by a missile, causes your view screen to fill with static (I suppose it is a TV monitor rather than a

windshield), and the game pauses for several seconds as a result. As for the saucer-shaped objects, they come in so fast I've never been

able to shoot one, but the tradeoff is I don't remember their ever having caused me any damage. Perhaps they're only distractions.

1 had to do a lot of "perhapsing" with X-15, for the documentation

doesn't reveal a great deal about the game. If a missile hit won't destroy a boomerang, what will? Multiple hits? We aren't told. How do 1 know when I've completed any of the three levels necessary before going into orbit? If such information appears in the threepage leaflet, I haven't found it. Once you reach orbit, you have to

negotiate your way through an asteroid belt to land on the space station's surface. Pay no attention to the shaky science

COMPUTE'S Gamto

Saplember 1968

Star Empire

Your ship holds the center of the screen,

Once upon a time, there was Elite, which spawned more than a few chil dren. Those children borrowed from their parent several aspects—a vast ga lactic milieu, a ship that could be en hanced ihrough trading and purchasing,

lary gauges help you set course and di

which rotates under your control. Ancil rection and keep track of temperature, exposure to radiation, and fuel reserves.

As you add gear to your craft, you get other controls and indicators.

an economic as well as military playing environment.

Now there is First Row's Star Em pire, which owes a lot to Elite, but which manages to break some (extra thai places an asteroid belt in Earth

orbit. After all, that same science placed guided missiles on a research craft.

When you attain Earth orbit, your control panel charges completely (or so it says in the documentation). You may

deploy a fleet of robots and guide each around the station to connect with a weapons system, whereupon the sta

tion will self-destruct. 1 admit I've never been beyond level 1 of this game (shooting at helicopters and boomer angs), though 1 consider my joystick tal ents average. But reading the scenario seems to indicate that destroying the space station will also destroy you, your X-15, and all your robots. It seems a long

and involved way to commit suicide. In spite of good graphics and rea sonably good sound, I can't put X-15

Alpha Mission very high on my list of good games. Were it not for the slug gish joystick movements and the ap

terrestrial) ground of its own. The setting is, again, the universe,

with players starting in a small, simple starship. This universe, as is common in this sort of game, is not the most benign of places; there are aliens, natural haz ards, and a dire, contagious plague. Finding the cure for the plague is one of your goals.

Commerce plays its part as well, as you endeavor to collect pods containing valuables which can be traded at space stations. It is at the stations that you add equipment to your starship, making it

better able to withstand the challenges that you face. While you're at the sta tion, you also receive mission assign

ments or save your game to disk.

Space, though, is where the action and challenges await. Those challenges come at you furiously via screens that I

found gorgeous and almost hypnotic.

Naturally in a game of galactic ex ploration and exploitation, there are subordinate map screens which can be accessed easily. One screen provides you with detailed views of the solar sys tem in which you are located; another gives you the whole galaxy, m galaxymap mode, you can scroll a cursor over

various star systems, with readouts in forming you of their political affiliation, the amount of various minerals ripe for collection, and whether or not the system is infected with the plague.

parently invulnerable boomerangs, I

Excellence...

might have advanced far enough to find more to appreciate. As it is, 1 left each session feeling that the deck was

for the Commodore

stacked against me. On the other hand, if you forget the scenario and the mission—-and ap proach X-15 Alpha Mission on an exis

tential level—you might enjoy it as a targol-shoot game with no particular beginning or end.

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educational programs, and tutorial articles. It you've treated a pro gram that you think other readers

might enjoy or find useful, send it, on tape or disk, to: Submissions

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The main piloting screen contrib

utes a great deal to the feel of Ihe game. Although First Row notes that the ship can be controlled via joystick or key

tage of interstellar shortcuts and timesaving routes, enhancing your chances

1 feel obliged to note as well that

of completing various missions. The game's ultimate goal is the cre

board, I found joystick control a little

ation of a shield to protect the entire

kludgy and quickly shifted to the key

frontier from alien invasion. That goal will take a while to at

board, which worked just fine. Unlike Elite, which seemed to involve at least

little to prepare players for encounters with the game's actual graphics.

tain. In fact, you may find that even in

Star Empire's documentation is perhaps as poorly proofread as any I've ever seen. The manual is riddled with typo

graphical errors: plague becomes plauge, joystick becomes joyrstick, which becomes

half the keys, prompting constant refer

termediate goals are more easily

w'hcih, and so on. The effect, at least for

ence to the manual. Star Empire places most of its emphasis on a handful of keystrokes, making for an almost ef fortlessly kinesthetic interface after just a few minutes of play. My fingers

assigned than achieved. Star Empire is a lot of fun, but it's not the simplest game

me, was to create some doubt as to the

in the world to master, even at the low est levels.

quickly learned what to do, leaving my threats 1 faced.

come furiously via

For a while, though, those threats played second fiddle to the sheer exu berance of flying the starship. The map

gorgeous and hypnotic

scrolls and rotates, its starry back ground contributing to the feel of being

screens.

in space. Likewise, thrust and attitude

respond deftly to keyboard control— not as well to joystick input. Deftness is important: Docking with space stations or maneuvering through a planetary approach requires split-second timing,

In part, the problem stems from the game's documentation, which is enthu siastic in tone but less than successful in execution. First Row has taken a mini malist approach to documenting game-

hair's-breadth positioning.

play: The manual contains a scant 11

There are deadlines involved in some of the missions you are assigned, which helps you learn not to waste too much time. As you progress through

tions—a serious oversight in a game so dependent upon visual representations

the game and acquire tools and equip ment, vou are better able to take advan

Which is a shame. Star Empire is a

rich game, with much to offer in graph ics, payability and replayability, chal

ntergalactic challengi

concentration free to focus on the

accuracy of the actual instructions.

pages of instruction, with no illustra

lenge, and strategy. That you have to

find your way to many of these goals on your own, with little help from the manual, is unfortunate but not, I think, ultimately crippling. I like the universe

of Star Empire: It's a dangerous and en tertaining cosmos in which to knock around. In look and feel, Star Empire delivers high-quality play. The game is

strong enough to overcome its docu mentation and is well worth a look for fans of Elite and Elftff-type interstellar entertainment.

—Keith Terrell Star Empire

of planets, cargo pods, space stations, and so on. Written descriptions, espe-

Firsl Row Software 900 E. 8th Ave. Suite 300 King of Prussia, PA 19406

ciallv those as bare as the ones here, do

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DEALERS - WE HAVE THE SUPPORT YOU'RE LOOKING FOR!

Lincoln reen Robert Bixby

Dodge the arrows, but keep a close hold on the loot in a mad rush to safety through an enchanted forest. For the 64. Joystick required. There's nothing more beautiful

than an enchanted forest. Unfortu nately, there's also nothing more

dangerous. You, Lincoln Green, defender of the poor, are on the run from the sheriff of Nottingham after having stolen £600 of gold dust from a no bleman. In your haste, you have ac-

the sheriff's archers. At the bottom left corner of the

screen is a number that shows how many times you have been nicked

by arrows. If you are hit by ten

cidently slipped into Enchanted

arrows, you'll lose the game. To the

Forest instead of the nearby Sher wood Forest.

Now that you're in the thick of the woods, you realize that some thing is dreadfully wrong. Magical trees are blocking your path. The path changes every time you turn around. Worse, every time you bump into a tree, you spill some of the gold dust. You must keep your cool—the sheriff's best archers are

Arrows fly in "Lincoln Green," an arcade-style game that takes you back to

a not-so-merry England,

guage entry program located else

where in this issue. Type in, load, and run MLX. When you are prompted for the starting and end

ing addresses of the program, re

all around you. You had better find

spond with these values:

your way to safety.

Starling address:

0801

Ending address:

15F0

Typing It In Since "Lincoln Green" is written in

machine language, you must type it in with "MLX," the machine Ian-

Green can be loaded and run just like a BASIC program. When you run the program, you'll see your alter ego, Lincoln Green, standing in the forest. Push the joystick in the direction you wish to follow. Make haste (but carefully) through the forest paths. Dodge the arrows that are shot by

Type in the data and save the pro gram to tape or disk.

Before loading Lincoln Green, plug a joystick into port 2. Lincoln

right is the monetary value of the gold dust you are carrying. If this drops to 0, you lose. At the bottom right corner of the screen, you'll see counters that show how far away you are from

safe haven. Sanctuary is located at longitude 0, latitude 0. Begin your journey by finding the correct di

rection in which to run (this direc tion is different each time you play). When you get close to Sanctuary, the archers pull out their crossbows

and fire bolts that are faster and heavier than the arrows. It's going to be a long day.

See program listing on page 76. COMPUTE- S Gazelle

September 1988

• 37

Boom and Bust Fred Karg An arcade-style word game? That's "Boom and Bust," a clever

challenge for one or two players. For the Commodore 64 with a disk drive. Joystick(s) required.

R R _. In the two-player game,

a missed balloon or a wrong letter causes you to lose your turn. When you lose your turn, your opponent

"Boom and Bust" is a word game

players. Press 1 or 2. if you choose

like Hangman, but with a new

the one-player game, plug a joy

twistâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;instead of typing in the let ter you wish to guess, you must launch a clown out of a cannon to pop a balloon that holds the letter you desire. For one or two players,

stick into port 2. For a two-player

If you believe you can guess

game, plug joysticks into both ports.

the puzzle, press fl during your

it's fun to play, and it also has some educational value.

right, you'll gain 500 points, plus 10

The Two-Player Game When the game begins, a category name is given on the screen. The or thing. Below the category, the

Boom and Bust consists of two pro grams. Program 1 is written in

BASIC. Type it in and save it to disk. Program 2 is written in ma chine language, so it must be en tered with "MLX," the machine language entry program found else where in this issue. Run MLX. When it prompts you for a starting and an ending address, respond

with the values indicated below. Starling address: Ending address:

turn. Type in your guess. If you're

category will be occupation, phrase,

Getting Started

3EC0 4487

pattern for the puzzle appears. As in Hangman, the pattern shows where letters are and where spaces are. For example, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD would be represented

opponent's turn.

The game ends when all the phrases have been exhausted.

The One-Player Game The one-player game is similar to the two-player game. The differ

ence is that you play for a maxi mum number of points. right side of the screen. The bonus starts at 100 points and counts down by decrements of 10 points. The bo

underneath the balloon by moving

nus decreases whenever you miss

the joystick left or right. Then press

the trigger to launch the clown. If

from Program 2 before you exit

loon's letter is your guess. Ten

MLX. Save the data with the name

points are awarded for each letter

"B&B.ML".

that appears in the puzzle.

Load and run Program 1. You'll

Suppose you hit the R balloon.

be asked to choose the number of

In the example above, you'd see

September 1988

popped. If you're wrong, it's your

the screen. To choose a letter, move

the clown hits a balloon, that bal

COMPUTE'S Gazotra

points for each balloon you've

A bonus timer is located on the

A flurry of balloons, each with a letter printed on it, floats across

Be sure to save a copy of the data

takes control of the cannon.

all the balloons or hit a balloon that

has a letter not found in the puzzle. If you guess the word correctly,

you get 500 points for guessing the

puzzle, plus 10 points for each cor rect letter, plus any bonus left on the bonus timer.

Sec program listings on page 86.

Lava Flow Forrest Bentley

It's a bricklayer's nightmare. Build walls to protect yourself from the fast-moving and relentless molten rock in "Lava Flow," a two-player arcade-style game for the Commodore 64. Joystick® required.

There's nothing especially interest ing about this room—except the

hole in its center, that is. Through this hole, lava flows into the room. Your only defense against the lava is the rudimentary bricklaying

points.

After the game, you're asked if you'd like to play again. Answer Y if you would, N if you'd rather not.

equipment you possess. But while the bricks you lay will protect you

The lava has nearly made history out of this brickwork.

opponent.

"Lava Flow" is a two-player

moment and your opponent could push the advantage.

Typing It In Lava Flow is written entirely in ma chine language, so you must type it in using "MLX," the machine lan guage entry program found else

where in this issue. When MLX prompts you for starting and end ing addresses, respond with the fol

lowing values. Starting address:

COOO

Ending address:

C83F

Before exiting MLX, be sure to save a copy of the program to tape or disk.

not laying bricks. And you can't move through bricks. The lava can, but it slows in the process. touch you or your opponent. When this happens, that player gets a "hot foot" in the truest sense of the phrase, and the other player gains one point. Lava Flow ends when one player has accumulated five

petitor are trapped in a room.

game that demands savvy and quick reflexes. Hesitate even one

you move much faster when you're

Sooner or later, the lava will

There's no doubt about it—things will get hot tonight. You and a com

for a while, the lava is relentless, so your goal is to last longer than your

to stop laying bricks. Notice that

Survival of the Fittest

To play Lava Flow, plug two joy sticks into the computer. Now, load

the program with a statement of the

Strategy It's been said for some games that the best offense is a good defense. A good defense certainly helps in Lava Flow. The more bricks you

lay, the more slowly the lava will invade your territory. You and your

form LOAD"LAVA",8,1 for disk or LOAD"LAVA",1,1 for tape. To start the program, type SYS 49152.

opponent may want to spend a few

Move your player with your

makes a good wall and what makes

joystick. The white pkyer uses joy stick 1; the black player uses joy stick 2. Move your joystick in the direction you want your onscreen alter ego to follow.

Although the lava spreads quickly, you aren't totally defense less—you can build walls. Press and release the joystick's fire button

to leave a trail of bricks behind you. Press and release the button again

games building walls in different patterns. That way, you'll see what a poor one.

Once you've mastered de fense, you'll want to work on of fense. One solid (and nasty) Lava

Flow tactic is to rush to the other side of the room to build a one-layer wall around your opponent. After

you've done the dirty deed, build a more secure wall around yourself

and wait for the inevitable. See program listing on page 78. COMPUTEVs Gazette

Septambur 198B

O 39

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The Pigeonhole Analogy

50 GET AS:IF AS = "" THEN 50

Larry Cotton

60 PRINT CS(1)

The most misunderstood concept in

BASIC is the array. It may also be BASIC'S most useful abstraction. An array is a flexible way of expressing and manipulating variables.

In the course of this column, we've studied two types of vari ables—numeric and string. Let's re

view them briefly. Numeric variables, such as X or

LO, stand for numbers such as 34 or 5.678 and can be mathematically manipulated—added, subtracted,

70 PRINT C$12) 80 PRINT C$(3)

What advantage was gained by using an array? None here. But in

the following program, we use the array to shorten the program dramatically. 10 FOR CO^l TO 3: PRINT "COLOR NO."CO: INPUT C$(CO); NEXT 20 PRINT: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO SEE COLORS.": PRINT

30 GET A$: IF AS = " " THEN 30 40 FOR CO = 1 TO 3: PRINT CS(CO): NEXT

multiplied, and so forth. String variables, such as N$ or AD$, usually represent words such as SYLVIA or CLEVER. They can

Run this one. The results are the same, but the program is much

also represent symbols and numbers

Variables as Birdhouses

such as $1,728.00; however, num bers represented as strings cannot

be mathematically manipulated. Both numeric and string vari

ables can be expressed in array for mat. Arrays are recognized by the parentheses that are an integral part

of their syntax. The number be tween the parentheses is called the subscript (hence the other name for arrays—subscripted variables).

Three Ways to Skin a Cat Enter this short program. It does not use arrays. Enter RED, GREEN,

and BLUE as responses when you see the prompt. 10 INPUT "FIRST COLOR";C1S 20 INPUT "SECOND COLOR";C2$

30 INPUT "THIRD COLOR";C3S 40 PRINT: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO SEE COLORS.": PRINT

50 GET AS:IF AS-" " THEN 50 60 PRINT CIS

Run the program and observe the results. Now try the following program.

10 INPUT "FIRST COLOR';C$(1) 20 INPUT "SECOND COLOR";CS<2> 30 INPUT 'THIRD COLOR";CS<3)

40 PRINT: PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO SEE COLORS.": PRINT

COMPUTE'S Gazette

September 1988

tered. Thus, further manipulation is easily accomplished.

Let's draw an analogy between types of variables and geometric figures. Think of a single variable, such as X, as a dot, Now think of our pigeonholes as a row of very closely spaced dots that form a line. Lines are one-dimensional; the type of array we've dealt with so far is one-dimensional. As you might expect, there are

Into these pigeonholes, which have

also multidimensional arrays. If you extend our geometric analogy further, an array that correlates to a plane surface (such as a sheet of pa per) is two-dimensional. These are examples of twodimensional arrays:

the names C$(l), C$(2), and C$(3),

AS(4,5)

more efficient.

Think of the C${) array as a row of three little boxes, like pigeonholes.

we're going to stick three color names.

In line 10, we use a FOR-NEXT loop to load the little boxes. As CO

increments from 1 to 3, the boxes are filled with the color names: C$(l) becomes "RED", C$(2) be comes "GREEN", and C$(3) be comes "BLUE". The numeric vari able CO'is the index to the array. In line 40, we increment the

FOR-NEXT loop again from 1 to 3, and the contents of the little boxes are printed on the screen. These same principles can be applied to numeric variables. 10 FOR T - 1 TO 5: PRINT "NUMBER"T; 20 INPUT N<T) 30 J = J + N(T): NEXT 40 PRINT: PRINT 'TOTAL IS"J

70 PRINT C2S 80 PRINT C3$

examples, the contents of the pi geonholes are not emptied when printed. They still contain the names or numbers as originally en

Lines

10-30 contain a

CD(13,52) TABLES(3O,40)

One way to fill a two-dimen sional array is with a nested FORNEXT loop: 10J-1 20FORT-1 TO 10 30FORU-1 TO 6

40X<T,U>-J: J-J + l 50 NEXT U: NEXT T

In this very simple example, we have loaded a two-dimensional array with the numbers 1-60. The first pigeonhole is labeled X(l,l) and contains 1; the last is X(10,6),

which contains 60. If you type PRINT X(4,6) and press RETURN, you should get 24. What do you think the result of typing PRINT X(6,4) would be?

FOR-

NEXT loop which asks the user to type in numbers and adds them up

as they are entered. J begins as 0 when the program is first run, and increments by the amount N(T) five

times. Line 40 prints out the total. Note that in both of our array

A Dozen or More The methods we've seen so far work for arrays which do not ex ceed 11 elements in any one dimension. But often we need more. Larger arrays must be dimensioned before use. This is done with the DIM statement, which reserves

space in the computer's memory for

the array and sets all array values to 0. A typical DIM statement looks like this: 10 DIM A$(50)

In this case, the computer sets aside space for 51 variables. (Arrays are numbered from 0 to the number in the parentheses.) Once an array is dimensioned, it cannot be redi-

DATA lines contain speed infor mation for a four-car, five-lap race:

S(2,3) to get that information.

10 DIM S(4,5):REM 4 X S ARRAY

this case, the speed is 116, which is

20 FOR C = 1TO4:REM C-CAR NO. 30 FOR L = 1TO5:REM L-LAP NO. 40 READ S(C,L):REM READ SPEED

50 NEXTLNEXTC

get a REDIM'D ARRAY error when the program is run. And if you try to use a variable subscript greater than the subscript in the DIM state ment, you'll get a BAD SUBSCRIPT error.

How would you get the pro gram to calculate the average speed

One last example: We'll roll

130 DATA 100,112,115,117,119 140 INPUT "WHICH CAR NO.";C 160 IF C>4 THEN 140

printed in line 200.

use arrays? We'll see next month.

120 DATA 120,123,119,124,125

150 IF C<1 THEN 140

for each car? Would that exercise

100 DATA 108,110,122,120,117 110 DATA 118,114,116,114,110

mensioned. If you try that, you'll

puter would go to pigeonhole

one die 15 times and stick the re

sults into a one-dimensional array. You could use this code in a game.

170 INE'UT "WHICH LAP NO.";L

10 DIM T(15)

180 IF L<1 THEN 170

20 FORJ-I TO 15

190 IF L>5 THEN 170

30T(J)-INT(6-RND(l))+l

200 PRINT: PHINT"CAR"C"IN LAP"L"WENT"S<C,U"MPH"

10 PRINT T(Jf

50 NEXT

(ffl

In this case, the DIM statement

Multidimensional arrays are

is optional, since the computer will

dimensioned in a similar manner:

automatically dimension arrays of

11 or fewer elements. Lines 20-50

DIM A$(4S,34)

contain nested FOR-NEXT loops that read 20 speeds from the DATA

More than one variable can be dimensioned in the same DIM statement, but note that the follow ing statement does not create a

includes over 100 ready-to-

away into our 4X5 element array.

run programs. Now only

asked for the car and lap number; lines 150, 160, 180, and 190 check

DIM AS(15),BS(25)

Here's an example that uses

for valid input. If the user wanted to

READ and DATA in association

know the speed of the second car's

with a two-dimensional array. The

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statements and dutifully tuck them

In lines 140 and 170, the user is

multidimensional array:

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COMPUTERS Gaiotto

September 19SB

Counting People and Making Faces

that we've heard over and over.

Rhett Anderson Assistant Editor

Making Faces

And others, too. Mauchley and

You may think that chatting over a

you knew that telecommunicators

ing jobs. Counting the grains of

Eckert (makers of the UNIVAC and the earlier ENIAC), and Von Neu mann (inventor of the stored-

sand on a beach. Counting the stars

program concept).

Imagine the largest possible count

in a galaxy. Counting the atoms in a

gallon of milk. It was just such a monumental counting job—tabulating the 1950

Talk Like This

Ham radio users had their own lan guage. To gain a ham radio license,

commercial computer. The machine,

you needed to learn the series of dots and dashes that make up let

UNIVAC I, certainly looked up to

ters, words, and sentences commu

the task. If you ever saw a photo of it, you wouldn't question that for a moment. It was, simply put, huge. Even the bold letters UNIVAC

nicated in Morse code. Morse code was borrowed from an older tech nology, the telegraph. Telegraph operators had originated, relayed, and transmitted Morse code mes sages at speeds that changed the world. With telegraph and radio, news traveled at the speed of light. Early computer users learned

U.S. Census—that inspired the first

were intimidating.

Although it's about the size of a small typewriter, your Commo

dore 64 is vastly more powerful than the UNIVAC I. Today it's easy to take comput

ASCII, the code that specifies

ers for granted. But what would you be doing with your leisure time if

which values in the computer stand

there were no personal computers?

learned only the most important

for which characters. Most people characters: A space is 32, the alpha

bet starts with 65 (A), the numerals

Ham Radio You may be familiar with the chat mode available on commercial tele

start with 48 (0). Morse code and ASCII have

computer is unnatural, but what if have begun to make faces at each other? Here's a face.

If you don't see it, give your head a tilt to the left (or the magazine a tilt to the right). It's a smiling face— two eyes and a mouth. How about this one?

That's a wink. So if you're online and you see apparently random punctuation,

someone may be making a face at you:

: (

a frown

8-0

a look of astonishment

a kiss

:p :>

sticking out a tongue a mischievous grin

If you know more faces, please send them to Horizons, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro NC 27403.

Personal Computers As we've seen, computers can

count people or help them commu nicate. The computer has been called a mind tool. That's an ambig uous phrase. Does it mean the com puter is a mindlike tool? Or does it

with the same interest.

much in common. Both are binary (base 2). Morse code uses dots and dashes, while ASCII uses 0s and Is. In Morse Code, SOS (Save Our

"The Great Equalizer"—you don't

looks like this:

mean that the computer is a kind of

In ASCII, it's

mindlike of all inventions. It can

communications services. No mat ter what you want to discuss, you

can probably find someone online Chat mode has been called

Ship—a standard distress call)

know the name, age, sex, race, or

religion of the person on the other end of the modem (unless the per

son is willing to tell you). About all you can safely bet is that he or she

oioioon loooini oioioon

You'll notice that the ASCII SOS is

tool for the mind? It's both. It's certainly the most play chess, follow instructions, and solve logical problems. It also is a

tool for the mind. It's so fast and

is willing to use a computer.

much longer than the one given in

Chat mode was inspired by CB radios, which in turn were inspired

was designed to be used by humans,

tools such as calculators and clocks.

who send one dot (short pulse) or one dash (long pulse) at a time.

Its very existence encourages us to

by ham radios. Ham radios were

the leading edge of technology in the early part of the century. Like computerists, early ham

radio operators had their own heros. Tesla and Marconi, the inven

tors of the technology, were revered. In the computer world, it's

names such as Boole and Babbage 44

COMPUTE! s Gazette

September 190fl

Morse code. That's OK. Morse code

ASCII was designed for use by computers, which typically access memory eight bits at a time. Today, people who listen to ra

dio don't have to know Morse code. Likewise, people who use comput

ers don't have to know ASCII.

versatile that it can fill in for other

inspect, consider, and change our

own ways of thinking. As we learn to communicate

with our computers (and with other humans by means of our comput

ers), we enter a new domain where

human and machine enrich each other more than ever before.

Did You Know That..

Randy Thompson

Contributing Editor "The Programmer's Page" is in

variables, halts with a FORMULA TOO COMPLEX error. But what do you expect when you start putting

Although more grammatically correct, GO TO is almost never

used, and for good reason. Not only

characters where numbers belong?

does GO TO take up two more

tips and tricks. Send all submis sions to The Programmer's Page,

The First Dimension

COMPUTED Gazette, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, North Carolina 27403. We'll pay S25-S50 for each tip we publish.

BASIC, 11 elements are standard.

bytes of memory—one extra space plus the additional token—but it isn't truly compatible with its more

terested in your programming

Did you know that the 64 doesn't care whether it's a number or a string that's put between the paren theses in a PEEK function? Did you

know that GOTO without a line number jumps to program line 0? Did you know that by using CONT within a BASIC program you put the computer in an infinite loop? Did you know that CMD stands for Change Main Device?

In the never-ending quest for complete understanding, I've com piled a list of several interesting, if not useful, pieces of programming trivia. Here are just a few. (Unless otherwise stated, the following ex amples work on all Commodore eight-bit computers.)

PEEKing Strings Yes, it's true. You can PRINT PEEK(A$) on the 64 without invok ing a syntax error. In fact, you can

PRINT POS(A$) with the same syntactical immunity. The number returned by a

PEEK(A$) depends on the last nu meric operation performed. For ex ample, the code X = 197:PRINT PEEK(A$) is equivalent to PRINT PEEK(197).

You can place a string literal inside the parentheses as well—

like PRINT PEEK("HELLO")—but the value returned is always the

When it comes to Commodore

can enter the following code with

compact sibling, GOTO. For example, while the com mand ON X GOTO 100,200,300 is a perfectly legal BASIC instruction,

out receiving a BAD SUBSCRIPT

ON X GO TO 100,200,300 is not.

For example, without perform ing any prior DIM statements, you

error: A(10) = 64. This works because all undimensioned arrays—string or nu meric—are automatically initial

ized to 11 elements (0-10) when accessed for the first time. In fact, after the above code has been execut ed, DIM A(10) provokes a REDIM'D ARRAY error, even though you nev

er actually dimensioned the array.

Immortalized in Silicon

Painters brush their names on can vas; vandals spray their names on walls; programmers and hardware designers burn their names into

ROM chips. To find the names hid den within the 128, try entering this command from 128 mode: SYS 32800,123,45,6.

How Much Is a Period Worth? How much is a period (.) worth?

Nothing. Or more accurately, 0. Wherever you use the digit 0 all by itself, you can replace it with a peri od. BASIC even interprets the peri od faster than it does the digit 0. In other words, the program 10 POKE S3281,.:POKE 53281,1:GOTO 10

executes faster than 10 POKE 53281,0:POKE 53281,1:GOTO 10

Incompatible Twins

contents of memory location 0.

All programmers are familar with BASIC'S GOTO command, but did

When you execute a PEEK("sfring

you know that GOTO can be bro

literal") three times in a row, the computer, in a response quite dif

ferent from its reaction to string

ken into two separate words: GO and TO? The command GOTO 100 works the same as GO TO 100.

The same is true of !F X = 0 GOTO 100 and IF X=0 GO TO 100. The first example works just

fine, while the latter produces an error.

A Missing Parameter The MID$ function requires three parameters—or does it? Without the third parameter, MID$ returns

all the characters to the right of, and including, the character specified by the second parameter. In the ex ample LN$ = MID$("WALTER HEGO",7), LN$ is set equal to the last name HEGO. This shortened version of MID$ is useful when you want to perform a RIGHTS but don't know how many characters you need—just where in the string the characters begin.

Abbreviated BASIC

While this last tip may be fairly well known,

it's so useful that it de

serves to be mentioned here.

Almost all BASIC commands may be abbreviated. For example, the abbreviation for PRINT is a question mark {?). Command ab breviations can save you a lot of typing. They also allow you to cram more commands on a program line. To see the complete list of

command abbreviations, refer to the Commodore 64 User's Guide, Appendix D; the 128 System Guide, Appendix K; or The Programmer's Reference Guide for the Commodore Plus/4 (from Scott, Foresman and Company), page 11. *> COMPUTE'S Gaiene

September 19BB

Debugging

ues with new ones (just the way we

|im Butterfield

edit a line in BASIC). Type M 2030

Contributing Editor Few of us write perfect programs. If a program is not perfect, it needs

203D for a display of memory start ing at 2030 (monitors use hexadeci mal numbers). Now move the

fixing. The process of fixing errors, or bugs, in a program is known as

cursor back and type over the two-

debugging. Here are some hints on

looks like this:

how to debug your machine lan

>2030

4C 4C 4F

4F:

>203B

4C 44

0D 00

00:

guage programs.

For most beginners, debugging machine language code is harder than debugging BASIC. For one thing, the RUN/STOP key doesn't seem to work with machine lan

guage (although you can make it work; more on that in a moment). Some errors make the machine "lock up." It also seems hard to stop a program at a certain point to

see how it has behaved so far; this stop-and-check activity is the heart of serious debugging. Let's write a simple program with an intentional error. The pro

gram to be debugged is a classic—it prints HELIX), WORLD!. We'll put our code at address

$2000. That's not the best place to put ML programs for long-term safety, but this address area is avail

able on virtually all eight-bit Com modore machines. We'll use a simple machine language monitor to enter the commands. Some com puters have a built-in monitor; with others you'll need to load one in. You may find a monitor hidden away on your assembler disk.

Hello, World!

digit values so that the display

characters as we output them, using the X register. HELLO, WORLD! contains 14 characters (including a RETURN character), so at the bot tom of the loop we will test for a

value of 14 and loop back if X is

A Bad Seed

command. Since we're counting

up HELLO, WORLD!,

with the wrong register, X will nev

Remember that what we have just done is to supply data to the

er reach 14. Here goes:

computer.

These are not instruc

tions, so we don't need to assemble them. But our next job is to write

the program instructions, so use the monitor's A (assemble command) and type A 2000 LDX #0

A 200E INY

The remaining code tests the count for 14 (hex E) and either

loops or exits: A 200F

CPX

#SDE

A 2011

BNE

S20O2

A 2013

RTS

Leave the monitor with com

When you press RETURN, the

assume that you want to assemble more instructions. So it may type in

mand X, call the machine language program with SYS 8192, and you have ... a mess. The RUN/STOP key works, since we had the foresight to test for

part of the next line for you (A

it within our loop. It's a good prac

2002). As for the actual instruction we entered, LDX #0 means load

tice; think about it. Press RUN/

let's see why all those H characters

(not the contents of memory loca

went to the screen.

instruction is translated into ma chine language. Your monitor may

tion 0). LDA

S2030.X

A 2005

JSR

SFFD2

These instructions print a char

STOP key. We're inside a loop, so if somehow we get caught inside the loop, at least we'll be able to stop the program. The subroutine at $FFE1 will do the trick: A 2003 A 200B

STOP and the program stops. Now

Back in the monitor, we

A 2D02

JSR BEQ

SFFE1 $2013

When I wrote this program, 1 first gave a dummy value for the

into memory by displaying memo

destination of the BEQ instruction. Later, when I knew where I was go

ry and then typing over the old val-

ing to branch, I filled in the correct

September 1988

A 200D NOP

also show the characters that make

Be sure to press RETURN after you have filled in each line. Your

somewhere nearby—say, $2030. We normally put characters

COMPUTE'S Gszetlo

ing. You'll see later how this helps.

machine language monitor may

low. We must put the message

put in an instruction that does noth

Next comes our bug. We intended to use X to count the number of characters we sent. The proper command here would be INX, or increment X. We're going to blun der completely and type in an INY

acter. Now, let's activate the RUN/

Here's the plan: We will count the

value. Now I'll do something odd. I'll

change that NOP instruction to BRK to stop the program when it

reaches here. (Type D 2000 and type over the NOP command with BRK, pressing RETURN.) Try the program again.

Aha! The program prints H and

breaks to the monitor. Register X contains 0, as it should. Continue with G 200E (go to the next instruc tion); the 128 needs G F200E to keep the computer in bank 15. Trouble: The program prints H again, and X still contains 0. How could that be—we're incrementing X, aren't we? No. We see that we in

cremented Y. Bug caught!

til

COMPUTE! Publications Back Issues/ Disk Orders Quick Clock

Individual back copies of maga zines and disks are available by

Ernest R. Hunter

mail only while quantities last.

proved GEOS timepiece. The new

Please clip or photocopy and mail completed coupon and check to:

clock's features include a larger display and an improved user in

COMPUTED Gazette

Time flies when you use this im

Single-Copy Sales P.O. Box 5188

terface. For 64 or 128 GEOS. The GEOS environment comes with two desk accessories that let you set and view the time. The first of these

is the preference manager, which also lets you set other system vari ables, such as the screen colors and the speed of the mouse pointer. The other is the alarm clock. Neither of these desk accesso ries is ideal. Both require that you click in the appropriate area before typing in the time. Both display the

time in a small font. The alarm clock allows you to set the time, but not the date. "Quick Clock" is a new desk accessory with new features. It dis plays the time and date in large characters. Setting the time and date with Quick Clock is a breeze. No clicking is involved—just move the pointer over the labels TIME or

DATE to set the time or date. (Win dows which are activated by simply moving a pointer over them are

often called sun windows. The name comes from Sun workstations, which have such windows.)

Typing It In Like all GEOS desk accessories, Quick Clock is written in machine language. Type it in with "MLX," the machine language entry pro

gram found elsewhere in this issue. (Commodore 128 users must be in 64 mode when typing in the list

Greensboro, NC 27403 program to a GEOS work disk, one

with the name CLOCK.ML, the other with the name QUICK CLOCK. One of these files will be converted with GeoConverter; the other will remain in MLX format. Now type in Program 2, "Geo Converter." (Again, 128 users must be in 64 mode.) Use "The Automatic Proofreader" when you enter this program. GeoConverter is used to make Quick Clock into a GEOS file. Save a copy of GeoConverter to your GEOS work disk. Now, run Program 2. You'll be

Cy:_

Stale: .

Zip

Typs 01 computer

ftianwy

Issue (MonthAfcar)

Magazine or Disk Name

Puce"

QUICK CLOCK. GeoConverter converts your file into a GEOS file.

A Good Time Open Quick Clock by choosing it from the Desk Accessories menu or by double-clicking its icon. Quick Clock opens in the bottom right corner. On the top line you'll see three activation labels: DATE,

SUBTOTAL:

NY—Add BW54 Tax:

TIME, and QUIT. Move the mouse pointer over TIME. Now enter the

NC—Add 5% Tax:

time by typing it in 24-hour format. For example, if it's 9:25 and 12 sec

TOTAL:

onds a.m., type 09:25:12. If it's 9:25

and 12 seconds p.m., type 21:25:12. Be sure to enter the colons.

Now set the date. Move the pointer over DATE. Quick Clock

expects the date in the form mm/dd/yy. If it's May 3,1988, type

05/03/88.'If you change the time

Starling address:

5AO0

Ending address;

5E97

Clock advances the date. If this is

ished typing, save two copies of the

Slieel

prompted for a filename. Type

ing.) When MLX prompts you, re spond with these values:

Type in the data for Program 1, "Quick Clock." When you've fin

Nil mo

by more than 12 hours, Quick

not what you intended, enter the date again. To quit Quick Clock,

move the mouse pointer to QUIT. See program listings on page 72. O

Back issues of COMPUTE1. COMPUTE'^ Gaietia. and Apple Applications are $5 00 each The following issues are NOT available COMPUTE: 9/81. 11/81,

2/B2-12/82. 2/83 4/83, 1/85. GAZETTE: 1U/S3.

1/84. 3/94-6/84. 9/B4. 12,(84,1/85-7/85. 10/85. Single disks tor COMPUTE', Gazette, or Apple Application? arc 11500 NOTE. No disks dated prior to January 1936 are a variable

Back issues ol COMPUTE'S PC Mflgajme and Atan ST Disk S Maggjino ars S16 00 eacli. (Those publications nre available only as macjazine/fl.sk combinations.} Tho following Igsues are NOT avall-

abk) PC M it.i/i i- '1JB7 Auiri ST Oi-.i- and Magalinc' 10/86, 12/86 Disk and magazine comonaTions are £16 00 Shipping and handling included

NO CREDIT CARD ORDERS ACCEPTED. Payment must W In U.S. dollars by check drawn on US bank.

COMPUTE'S Gazette

September 1988

Lyco Computer Marketing & Consultants Since 1981

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Modem Protector

S10.95

Leather Goddesses

S19 95

Top Fuel EfcniTUlw

S17.95

Beyond Zork

$25.95

GFLFmxbal

S19 9S

Autoduel

$29.65

Ultima III

£23.95

Urbma IV

$34.95

Gee Bee An Rally ....... S17.9S

MoebHis

S23.95

Last NMJa

119.95

Software Simulation*:

Might* Mage

$22.95

Pure Sial Buseoall

$22.95

Aliens

S19.95

Foottwll

$1795

Maniac Mansion

119.95

Pure Sial Coleoe

Ghostbusiers S13.B5

Drive

. S4.95

Maintenance W< Drive Cleaner

CMP142

S7.95

517.95

$22.95

Paperclip III

$31.95

Newsroom

$19.95

Outrageous Pages

S31.B5

Certincats Maker

$14.85

Clip Art Vol. #1

$12.95

Clip Art Vol. #2

$12.95

Clip Ad Vol. #3

Geotile C64

£20.95

GtKKflteCW

529 SS

GeopuUiEh C64

S39.B5

Graphics Expander

Accaai:

Wld. CI. Leader Board-

£27.95

loth Frama „

$27.95

AeUVhlon:

Champ. Basobafl

$22.95

Cftamp-Basiielban

SM95

Zoni Trilogy

S27.95

Leamei Goddessss

$22.95

Beyond Zort

$27.95

Broderbund: AnciBrt Art ol War

£29.95

Print Sriop

$34.95

Prlnl Shop Compan

$23.95

Grapnlc Lib. I of II

519.95

$12.95

Andont Art ol War at Sea

126.65

$21.95

Carmen San Diego

World

Geos 64

535.95

lit rat*! Hi: Simulation!:

with program

$15.95

Geowrila

$29.95

Gettysburg

$33.95

3.5 Driua Cteanar CMP 154

Gees 128

$39.95

Phantask) II

$22.95

$1095

Geowrtle 12B

S39.95

Pnantasie III

£22.95

Electronic Arti:

5V1' Drive Cleaner

$11. 50

BaskemaH Springboard:

Berkeley SoTtworiu:

. ts.ro 111.50

$9.95

Battortei Included:

.56.95

Origins

$23.95

SuperttIKe CHallenge ... $12 65 Search and Destroy

59.95

Gsocalc 123

£39.95

Wnards Crown

$22.95

Yeager'sAFT

no.es

Geolile 128

S2B.es

Warname Conslr

$16.96

Hunt lor Red October.. 531-95

113.95

Berkeley TrlPa*

$29.95

Botllocrulsor

$33.95

Alternate Reality-City .. $25.95

Elomal DagBOr

522.95

Questron II

$22.95

Epyx;

$22.95

Switch

Siz.es

Boxes

siB.es . 19.95 SI 3.99

Cent 25' AB

$39.95

Cent -36' AS

S39.95

RS232ABC

S45.95

Cent ABC

$49.65

RS232 ABCD

S49.95

CerrtABCO

$49.95

Video si 0.95

SKC T120 VHS

.16,95

Video Tape:

$10.95

S 16.75 S24.9S

ench

S3.99

3 pock

$10.95

10 pack

$3595

$22.95

S30.95

Rafl Warrior

$13.95

Night Mission PmbaJI... $19.95

Spy vs. Spy 111

S13.65

Superbka ChalMnge ... $12.95

Scenory Dak 1-6

512.95

California Games

$22.95

Magnetron _

SloalBi Million

$30.95

Death Sword

S11.95

Graphic Ub. I. II. Ill

SI* 05

Sobloglc:

Print Shop

S26 95

Rigrit Simulator II

Print Shop Compan

$20.95

Jel Eimulatot

Cauldron

S17.95 $15.95

Fi-.l.uiilc n.in

RoaoNvara

Basement

S19.95

Pannor C84

$22.65

FlteUrd:

Pannor 128

$27.95

Knight Ore

Potion vs. Rommel

$19.95

Swii Cole 128

$27.95

Sityfoill

S19.B5

Mlcroleagua:

Wordwnter 12S

$2795

Microleag. Baseball

$22.95

Wormvrlter 3 64

522.95

SUvIa Ponor Vol. 1-64.

$CALL

Genera! Manager

516.95

Stat Disk

$13.95

$19.65

Fastkwd

S22.95

Winter Games

$11.65

Catlomla GamoB

S22.9S

Summer Games II

$11.96

Work! Games

$22.95

Rod Warrloi

S13.95

DealhSworO

$11.95

$22.95

Firebird:

Elite

. S9.95 Htrt */v oppofTi/nffles to

Guild olThlnvos

$9.99 S2S.9S

mifoy bm/ow coat tsYlngt on

p«vm

production due to rwmr rtplictmon! moOtit. (Mi tot updtttd product list

Track*

511.95

Slaiglider Sentry

ttwma currently not In

Impossible Mission 2 ... $22.95

Tlnwworlii:

Hunt lor Bed October.. $25.95

The Games: Wirrfar Edition

Bargain

SI 6.95

513.95

Worifl Games

PhantasW

Impassible Mission 2 ... $22.96

S 14.95

S 13.95

SI1.95

$30.95

120.95

Sir. Sfloris Basketball. $22.95

S29.95

S27.95

S22.95

Winter Games

Carmen San Diego

Epyi:

sse.es

$19.99

$15.93

Deslroyar

S29.95

Armor

$12.95

sii.ee

Creale A Calendar

Bank SI. Wnlar

Tobruk-Oash of

Tape

. S9.95

se.ee

IPfH«on WoiId.

MIcroproM:

Art Gallery 1 or 2

514.95

Print Master

$17.95

Art Gallery Fnnlar>y

$13.95

Accau: WorklClassLead.ed..

SCALL

ActMalon;

£22.95

Mlndacapa:

Harrier Combal Simulator

$19.95 $22.65

Om B«i Air Rally

$22.95

Electronic Art»:

Ultima I

$23.9S

Ultima III

523.65

S33.65

Ultima IV

534.85

$18.95

Hotum to AHantis

SCALL

Moebius

$34.95

$22.95

Fenan Formula One ... 533.95

Ogre

$17.95

Hunt lor Red October .. $33.95

Strategic Slmulattona:

$22.95

Epyic

Stellar Crusade

S26.9S

General Manager

S16.95

ApshalTnlofly

511.95

Sons ol Liberty

$22.95

Stal Dilk

$13.95

Wiiilor Games

$11.95

Ftoad War Eurapa

$22.95

Miaoleag. Wrestling .... $16.95

WorW Games

$22.95

Deirroyar

$22.95

Subloglc:

$11.95

Flnblrd: Guild of Thiovos

S25.95

Mach - 128

S2B.95

F-15 Strike Eagle

$19.95

Pawn

$13.95

10th Frame

S22.95

Gunship

$19.95

StaralloW

$25.95

Triple Pack

111.95

Kennedy Approach ...... S13.G5

Mlcroproan:

WW. Cl. Leader Brd. ... $22.95

S. cm Si-vmi

$19.95

Sllenl Sorvlcs

Famous Coursos .VI — £11.95

SdoRkjftt

$13.95

Famoua Coursos #2 ... si 1 '45

Top Gunner

$13.65

I uudoi Board Pack

Pirales

$22.95

Slealth BgMor

.,.„ S22.B5

Up Poflscopo

518.95

Mlndwap*:

Thundereftopper

$18.95

Intiltralion

$16.95

Infittraiion 2

S16.95

Paperboy

S19.95

$19.95

£27.95

Pirates

Origin:

$22.95

Music Sludlo

£22.95

Gunship

525 95

Airborne Ranger

$19.95

S22.95

Silenl Service

GFL Football

$19.95

A division-

$22.95

F-15 Strike Eagle

GauntJet

Much 5

Clio/nplon. BaskethaB.

$22.95

Decision In Desert

S25.S5

MIciobtoh:

Action Son:

S22.9S

Crusade in Europe

Microleag. Basebaa

■87 Team Disk

S12.95

Conllict in Vielnam

Champ. Basketball

125.95

$25.95

Weaver Basaoell

HIcrolMJLie'

Echolon

526.95

£22.95

Subloglc:

Jet Simulator

$30.95

Right Simulator

$34.65

Tlmemrorka: Svrlftcalc

£22.85

Wordwriter

£27.65

Unison Wnrkl:

Ari Gallery 2

$14.95

Newsmaster II

539.95

Fllotit Slmulntor II

£31.49

Print Maslor { + )

529.95

Scenery !':■>

5CALL

Fonls & Borders

$17.95

Unlton World: Prlnl Master

$25.95

Art Gallery 1 or 2

£14.95

Fonts A Borders

$17.95

Art Gallery Fantasy

$13.95

g on Prepaid cash orders over S 50 in the Continental U.S.

Commodore Ready

Price Guarantee

Since 19B1, we have led the industry by

continuing to offer the lowest national

prices while providing quality service. Many companies have come and gone trying to imitate our quality and service. If by some oversight we do not have ihB lowest prices

advertised on the products you desire,

SEIKOSHA Sp 180VC • 100 cps Draft • 20 cps NLQ

• Direct Connect

then we would appreciate the opportunity

for Commodore

to rectify this oversight,

Quantities Limited

Monitors Magnavox:

Thomson: 230 Amber ITU 12" .... $69.95'

Blue Chip:

4120 CGA

... 1219.95

BCM 12-GroBnTTL ... $64.95

4150 CGA

.. $244.95'

BCM IS" Amber TTL ... S69.9S

GB 100

.. $119.95'

GB 200 Super Curd . $169.95' ... 1399 95

4S70

BM7852

$78.95

BM7622

$79.95

7BM-613

S79.95

78M-623

S79.95

CMB502

$179.95

CMB505

5199,95

9CM-O53

NEC

■Oimnlllies Limited

Mulilsyncll

$589.95

$CALL

• Built-in Tilt Stand

95*

• 1-Year Warranty

Suggested use C128D

THOMSON

$239 95

PRINTERS OK'QATA S189.95

120

SIB9.95

180

$219.95

182

S209.95

182*

S225.9S

183

1239 95

192-

$339.95

193*

$449.95

292 widtorlBCO

S449 95

293 wlfflorlaco

5585.95

29* w mterlacB

S819 95

383

S955 9S

Laier 6

SCALL

390

S479.95

391

S649.9S

320

$345 95

321

$445.95

Toshiba 321SL

MB9.95

341 SL

$659.95

P351 Model (I

$899.95

351 SX 400 cps

$979.95

S419.95

• Color + Green Modes

Cables Included

Ofclmalo 20 wcart

Smartmodem 2400 ..

CM8762

Plus Switchable in

Green Monochrome

S129.95

SI 39.95

Smartmodom 1200.... S279.95

MAGNAVOX

Mode Operation

Okimaia20

$139.95

" w'cabfo purchase

Built-in Tilt Stand

Color RGB for C128 Mode Operation

O u T

i $149.95

2400i PC Card

Smartmodem 300

Color Composite for 64

$219

. $69.95'

2400

Hayes:

S499 95

.. 165.95

1200hc Modem

$259.95 SCALL

. $69.95

12001 PC Card

8CM-515

Commodore Ready

'Quantity Limited

1300O

$239.95

BCM-B73

P u L L

Avatex:

CMB762 CM9043

4120

Modems

EPSON

NX-1000

$163.95'

NX-1000C

$169.95

NX-1000 Color

S225.95

NX-1Q00C Color

S229.95

NX-15

$269.95

NR-10

$31995

NH-15

S419.95

N8-15 24Pm

$669.95

NX-2400

$309.95

N824-10 24Pm

$399 95

NB24-1S24Pm

S545.95

Laser 8

S1759.95

LX800

$184 95

FXB6E

$329.9S

FX286E

S424.95

EX800

10B0I Model It

, $159.95

10911 Model II

$189.95

$399.95

1092i

$299.95

LQ500

$339 95

LQ2500

S7B9.95

1592

$375.95

1595

$419.95

GQ3500

SLOW

3131

$289.95

LQ850

S52S.95

31S1

$459.95

LO1050

$699.95

KXP 4450 User ...... $1649.95

SEIKOSHA SP 1BOAI

$125.95'

NO-15

S349.95

SP 180VC

S125 95"

NL-10

5149.95

5P1000VC

S139.95

SP 1O00AP

S15995

SP 1200VC

S149.95

SP 1200A1

S159.95

'w caMe Durcflase

BROTHER

Ml 109

S159 95

M15O9

$335 95

M1709

$169.95

Twinwriter S Do( &

Panasonic,.;.

SP 1200ASRS232 ... $159.95 SLBOAi

I2B9 95

MP5420FA

$999.95

SP Senos Rinoon

S7.95

Daisy

$899 95

SK3000 Ai

$339.95

M1724L

$618.95

SK3005 Ai

S419.95

HR20

$345.95

HR40

$559.95

SPB 10

HR60

$649 95

SL 130AI

SCALL $599.95

' Quanlilids Lmitod

Join the thousands who shop Lyco and Save We itock tnlerfHcIng lot Atari, Com mod ore, Applo and IBM.

1524 21 Pin

$529.95

Fm Partrtw

S579.95

Optical Scanner

$859 95

#CITIZEN 120 D

S149.95

180U

S169 95

MSP-10

S2S9 95

MSP-40

S2B9.9S

MSP-15E

1335 95

MSP-EO

$399.95

MSP-45

$425 95

MSP-55

$479.95

Premiere 35

$459.95

Tntfcile 224

$619 95

Triouie '24

M89 95

BIG SAVINGS ON SOFTWARE! » Commodore

User Group pdate

"_r

I I

,l|),|||t |. ' ,*

■-.| u»

Mickey McLean

EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE

The following list includes updated entries to our annual "Guide to Commodore User Groups," which last appeared in the May and June

Make Learning Come Alive! It s tun and

exciting when you use this Commodore

Logo Educational Software. Now children

1988 issues.

and adults can explore math concepts.

When writing to a user group for information, please remember to enclose a self-addressed envelope with postage that is appropriate for

With Us) processing, Logo can be inte

grated into language arts and other curriculum. Color graphics, on-screen text, and enhanced music capabilities encourage active, hands-on problem

the country to which you're writing.

Send typed additions, corrections, and deletions for this list to COMPUTE! Publications P.O. Box 5406

solving. Take advantage ol the LOW price. Order today...and put the lun back into

Greensboro, NC 27403

• Logo is a Powerlul Computer Language

learning!

Attn: Commodore User Groups

for Learning, Used in Many Elementary Schools Across the Nation.

User Group Notes

Easy to Use tor the Novice or Expert.

Encourages Experimentation. Enjoyable and User Friendly.

The correct address for the Victor Valley Commodore Interest

Association (VVCIA) is P.O. Box 385, Victorville, California 92393.

Text Can be Put on Screen (or Labeling Pictures, Word Games. More.

The RAM-ROM 84 Commodore Users Group address is now

Changeable Text Color Capability. Comes with Detailed Information Book let. Language Disk and Utility Disk.

P.O. Box 3880, Venice, Florida 34293-3880.

The Commodore Users Group of New Hampshire has a new mailing address. All correspondence should be sent to P.O. Box 129,

Works with the Commodore 64. 64C and 128 Computers with a Compatible

Concord, New Hampshire 03302-0129.

Disk Drive.

Previous listings for the Kids Computer News have contained the wrong address. To contact this user group, write to St. Hilda's and St. Hugh's School, 619 West 114th Street, New York, New York 10025.

CAI.IIOKNIA

FLORIDA Commodore User Group of Pensacola, P.O. Bn<

36367, Pansacola, PL 32516 (DRSo 904-456B2O5)

ILLINOIS Hoard Users Syndicate, P.O. Box 1112, Soulh Hol

land. H. 6047.1 (BBS* 313-331-15461

MARYLAND Giithersburg Commodore Users Croup, P.O.

Bo* 2033. GtllhoMlnng, MD 20879

mkme; an nf Arcs Commodore Club, 4(11 Bjtes Si, e, Ml 4')633

\l URASKA Lincoln Commodore User's Group, I\Or Be 30655, Lincoln, Nl: 68503

NEW MEXICO Demlng Commodore User Group (DCUG), 1400

M.ilWy Dr., Darning, nm BB030 ,

Commodore Users Group of Roswell (CUGORI, 1619 n. Kanau, Rowan, nm 88ZQ1

Ust:

$69.00

Liquidation Price ....

New Listings Soulh. Orang* Commodore Klub (SOCK), 24325 Lakavlew i.n., El Toro, CA 92631)

90-Day Limited Factory Warranty.

Item H-3908-7342-074 S/H: S4.50 ca.

NEW YORK

Credit card customers can order by phone, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

New York Commodore Interest Group

(NVC-ir}, ] 15 Bsaex St., Box *146, Hew York,

Toll-Free: 1-800-328-0609

NY 100112

Itiverhcjd Commodore Club, 330 Court St., Ri-

varhrad, nv ii'wi

Oncida Users' Group, IrVuhtnBton Avenue Com-

munity CmMr, Oneida, NY 13421

END TO: u th ori zed Llq u Id ato r 1405 Xenlum Laic N /Minneapolis.

TENNf-.SSEL Springfield Commodoie Users Croup (SCUGS), F.O Bin 62. Spnnsfield, TN 37172-4025

Send Commodore Electronic Software Package^) liom n-3908-7MJ-074 alS19 cicfi. plus S-i 60 eacn lor insured sapping, handling, (Minnesota redeems add 6^: sales [ax Sorry, no C.O D ortJcts t

WEST VIRGINIA Softwaie Fngineeringimj Exchange (SEE), Star Kl. M3, &■> ■)"., Kllimboro, WV 26346

□ My check or money orfler >s enclosed (No delays in urocess'ng ortfes paid by cneckj

PLE4SE

WISCONSIN

:; — □

Milwaukee Area Commodore Enthusiasts

IM.A.C.H.). P.O. Box 2(,;ih. Mllwaultae, W! 53221.

PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY

Outside the U.S. PHILll'PlNIiS

r,h,

Society of Commodoie Users in Metro Manila

[9CuM),c/oRupcrlDA. o, Mbwt

lo St.. Qui.ipii, M.mii.i. Philippines mm

7IF>

Pattern Fill Robert Bixby

Hi-res graphics screens become works of art when you use "Pattern Fill," a handy graphics utility that lets you fill areas with any rectangular pattern. Two special effects can be used with the patterns. For the Commodore 64. Joystick required.

Intelligence Not Included

Modern paint programs for the 64 include many of the popular tools first used in MacPaint, Apple's paint program for the Macintosh.

oval or a rectangle, Pattern Fill will

probably miss filling in some of it. If this happens, wait for the arrow to

stop moving and then reposition it at the upper corner of the unfilled

One of the popular Macintosh tools is the Fill tool, which lets you fill

area. Repeat this procedure until your whole shape is filled. You'll

any area with an arbitrary pattern.

If your favorite hi-res paint program lacks this tool, try "Pattern Fill." Even if your paint program

makes some kind of fill available, you might find that one of Pattern

Fill's two special effects is just what you need.

Getting Started

Pattern Fill is written entirely in machine language, so you'll need to type it in with "MLX," the machine language entry program found else where in this issue. When you run MLX, you're prompted for the start

ing and ending addresses for the data you'll be typing in. Respond with these values: Starting address: Ending address:

CDOO C4D7

Type in the data for Pattern Fill. Be sure to save the program before ex iting MLX. When you're ready to use Pat tern Fill, load the program into

memory with a statement of the form LOAD"PATTERNFILL",8,1

(LOAD"PATTERNFILL",1,1 for tape), substituting for PATTERNFILL the name you used when you saved the program. Next, load your

find that Pattern Fill does an excel "Pattern Fill" lets you easily enhance

your hi-res artwork. This oval was filled using the I key option.

Fill to find your picture file, it should be loaded into memory at

location 24576. If you're using DOODLE! or Koala Paint, simply load your picture file directly from BASIC. Start Pattern Fill by typing SYS 49152.

A small green arrow will ap

Special Effects

Pattern Fill has three special effects that can help you enhance your

fills. First, you can hold down the

original pattern will be considered off, and all the off pixels will be con

the arrow to the upper left corner of the area and press the fire button. Then move to the lower right cor ner of the area and press the fire button again. You have defined the fill pattern. Note that the pattern

can be any size, from 1 pixel X 1 pixel to the size of the whole screen. Before you begin to fill an area, be sure that it's completely en closed. If there are any leaks, Pat tern Fill will probably find them.

the fire button.

September 19BB

the joystick to define a new pattern.

joystick plugged into port 2. Move

screen. To select the area that you wish to use as a fill pattern, use a

color is not supported.) For Pattern COMPUTE'S Gazette

You may pick up a new pattern

at any time. Press RETURN, and the old pattern will be wiped out. Use

CTRL key while you fill for a "neg

uses high-resolution mode onlyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; 54

lent jobâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;there won't be a seam be tween any of the fills.

pear at the upper left corner of the

The edges of the screen do not count as borders. When you're sure that the area you wish to fill has a secure border, move the cursor to the up per left corner of the area and press

hi-res graphics screen. (Pattern Fill

Pattern Fill is written to be compact and quick. As a result, it's not par ticularly bright. If you are filling a shape much more complex than an

ative" fill: All the oil pixels from the

sidered OH.

Second, Pattern Fill can follow

the left or right edge of the filled area as it fills. To follow the left side, hold down the L key as you

fill. Likewise, hold down the R key to follow the right edge.

Back to BASIC

When you've finished using Pat tern Fill, exit the program by press ing RUN/STOP. Since Pattern Fill

exits with a machine language RTS (ReTurn from Subroutine), you can call it from your own programs

with a SYS 49152 (from BASIC) or a JSR 49152 (from ML). See program listing on page 70.

Modifications and Corrections

• Summer brings vacation days and the Summer CES. Amidst our trav

els, we suffered a slight communi

cation breakdown. The August

GAZETTE Disk contains a program, "SpeedPrint," which was originally slated for the August issue but did not appear in the magazine. The ar

ticle drill appear in the October or

izer program from direct mode with

and convert the disk at this time. 6. Copy the printer driver to your boot disk. (Again, see your

1. Copy PR CUSTOMIZER

GEOS manual for details.)

and PR.OBJ to a new disk. and

7. Use the Select Printer desk

cluded on the corresponding monthly disk. Our apologies for any confusion this may have caused.

lect the appropriate printer. The

• The article for "Ramdisk 128"

not a GEOS disk, GEOS will ask if you want it converted. Go ahead

instructions that should be of help.

2. Load CUSTOMIZER.

November issue, and it will be in

ual for details.) If the new disk is

the command LOAD'TR CUSTOM IZER"^. Finally, some of our readers have had trouble using Super Print er Driver. Below are step-by-step

run

accessory to select the new printer

driver as the current printer.

3. When the menu appears, se

customizer will save the printer driver to your disk.

(April 1988) confusingly states that

4. Boot GEOS.

to save a machine language file to the ramdisk, you must include the filename, starting address, ending address, plus one of the saves. The article should read: For machine

5. Insert the new disk, the one

Looking for a GAZETTE back issue? See page 30,

containing PR CUSTOMIZER, PR.OBJ, and your printer driver,

and open it. (See your GEOS man

language files, specify the filename, starting address, and the ending ad

dress plus 1. • The listing for "Square Logix" (June 1988) has some incorrect characters in. lines 10, 29, and 64. The correct lines follow: RS

WINDOWS,0,39,24,1:PR I NTT

ABO) "(RVS) (BLU) (4 SPACESjSQUARE LOGIX (5 SPACES)fDOWN)" DX

DO:M1=M1+1:J=INT(RND(1)* ZZ] :K = INT(RN[)(1)*ZZ) :GOS UB33:SOUND2,8000,1:ONG1G

90 DAY WARRANTY on Refurbished

GENUINE COMMODORE 64™

Power Supply Power Suppty$19.95 •Return old 64 supply $ 3.0O

Your Cost

$16.95

S&H

$3.50.

OSUB30,30,31,31:LOOPUNTI LM1=LV*3:J=2:K=2:WZ=L:GO

SUH35:TIS="090000":GOT05 0

•Ftetumed &Unipres™3beijwijheCommo»ae'" Bnni.

Sick Disk Drive?

Use Pliysical Exam to adjust alignment, speed & stop position. 15J1 Physical Exam Sampfe screen

1:IFR1>0THENJ=

(J=5)

• There are a few problems with "Super Printer Driver" from "The CEOS Column" in the July 1988 is

sue. First, the programs listed in the magazine are mislabeled: Program 1 is "Customizer," and Program 2

is "Driver." We apologize for any confusion this may have caused. Second, GAZETTE Disk users have had trouble running Customizer

from the disk menu. The solution to this problem is to load the custom

Illustrated manual supplies complete instructions to guide you in making necessary adjustments that are indi cated by the test diskette. No special

scopes or toots needed. Used by many repair shops and individuals to maintain

disk drives. Easy to use.

Available for these Commodore Di.sk Drives 1541,1571,8050, S250,40J0,8FD 1001, $39.95 each

Cardinal Software

14840 Build America Dr. Waodbridee, VA 22191 Info: (703) 491-6494

M 800-762-5645

Commodore is a Iradercant of Commodore ErecTfcnlca LTD.

COMPUTE'S Gazette

September 1988

Multicolor Graphics Dump Hubert Cross

With this excellent printer dump for the Commodore 64, your multicolor graphics masterpieces can be faithfully reproduced in black-and-white on an MPS-801, MPS-803, Commodore 1525, or compatible printer. With a good paint program, you can

starting and ending addresses, re

draw beautiful pictures on your Commodore 64. Seascapes, teddy

spond with these values:

bears, fish, and moonscapes take on

Starting address:

C3E8

Ending address:

C757

a new quality when drawn with a computer. However, computer art

has a unique problem—it's hard to

carry around. Most people bring the audience to the computer in stead of bringing the computer to the audience.

it's no surprise, then, that printer dump programs are popu

lar. With a graphics dump utility, you can take your favorite drawing and send it to your printer. The drawback to most printer dumps

for the 64 is that they work best in standard hi-res mode, while most drawing programs use multicolor mode. Multicolored images are not rendered properly by such a pro gram. (Multicolor pictures printed

by hi-res dumps are characterized by vertical stripes.)

"Multicolor Graphics Dump" takes a different approach to dis playing multicolor pictures.

With

Multicolor Graphics Dump (MCGD),

each color is assigned a unique pat tern (see Figure 1). This makes for an accurate depiction of your multi color art.

When you've finished entering the data for Multicolor Graphics Dump, be sure to save a copy of the pro gram to disk or tape with the name MCGD. When you're ready to use MCGD, type L0AD"MCGD",8,l

(for disk) or LOAD"MCGD",1,1 (for tape). Now load

Figure 1

iHHHiiiii

I«

WHITE VELLOU l_ GREEN GRAY 3 CVAN l_ RED GREEN GRAY 2 l_ BLUE ORANGE

PURPLE GRAY J. RED BLUE

BROWN

BLACK

your multicolor graphics screen into memory. When you're

Figure 2

ready to make a screen dump,

type SYS 50152 to

activate

MCGD. The pro

gram will ask for two numbers: the bitmap number and the color number. Use the

following formu las to find the cor rect numbers for your pictures: Bitmap number ■

INT(address of

MCGD works with the odd-

bitmap/8192)

numbered Commodore printers

Color number ™

and compatibles (the MPS-801, MPS-803, and Commodore 1525).

lNT(address of color TiH'nwry/1024)

After you've entered the proper

binations that are objectionable on

Getting Started

numbers, the dump begins.

the screen may look fine on paper.

The background is always white. This should make your rib bon last longer. Remember this

screen dump as an example of what this program can produce. It is

MCGD is written entirely in ma chine language. Type in the pro gram with "MLX," the machine language entry program found else where in this issue. When asked for 56

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

September 1988

I've included a multicolor

when you design your screens.

found in Figure 2.

Also, keep in mind that color com-

Set- program listing on page 78.

Multicolor Graphics and Video Storage Dale McBane, Assistanl Technical Editor The VIC-1I is the chip responsible

for video output on the Commo

dore 64. The 64's microprocessor, the 6510, simply tells the VIC-II where to find the data to display and how to display it The VIC-II supports two graph ics display modes on the 64: high resolution (hi res) and multicolor. Hi-res screens, as the name implies, boast higher resolution, but they're limited by the number of colors that can be displayed. Multicolor screens have a lower resolution, but more colors are available for each pixel. Multicolor screens consist of 160 pixels horizontally by 200 pixels vertically—a total of 32,000 pixels. Multicolor pixels may be rendered in one of three foreground colors or in the background color. To make

the extra colors available in multi color screens, each pixel requires two bits of memory for storage. Storing a multicolor bitmap, then, requires 8000 bytes: 32,000 (pixels) times 2 (bits per pixel)—or 64,000

(bits)—divided by 8 (bits per byte). The two bits representing each

multicolor pixel can have one of four values: 00, 01, 10, or 11. Pixels with bit values of 00 take their color information from the screen back ground color register at location

53281 ($D021). Pixels with bit val ues of 11 take their color infor mation from color memory at loca tions 55296-56295 (SD800-$DBE7). The VIC-11 has a unique way of

storing the color information for pixels with bit values of 01 and 10. To determine their colors, the V1C-

divides the bitmap into 1000 eight-by-eight groups of pixels. ;ach of these groups gets its color

DLE.' and Koala Paint, use bank 1 to

store their bitmapped screens.

Bank 2, located at 32768-

map, 1000 for screen memory, and 1000 for color memory.

Bank Selection Unlike the 6510, which can address 64K of memory, the VIC-11 can ad dress only 16K of memory at once. To overcome this limitation, the VIC-II divides the 64's memory into four 16K banks. The complex inter face adapter #2 (CIA #2) has a reg ister to tell the VIC-11 which bank to get its information from.

Bank 0, located at 0-16383 ($0000-$3FFF), is the default video bank. Bank 0 isn't used for bit

mapped graphics very often be cause much of the memory in this bank is used by the system. The

BASIC and Kernal ROMs use the first 1024 bytes of bank 0 extensive ly, and the default position for screen memory is in this bank at 1024-2023

($0400-$07E7). The BASIC text area also normally starts at 2048 ($0800), right after screen memory. Another drawback to using

bank 0 for bitmapped graphics is the character-generator-ROM image located at 4096-8191 ($1000$1FFF). The 6510 addresses the character-generator ROM at 5324857343 ($D000-$DFFF), but, be cause of an addressing trick, the VIC-II sees a copy at 4096 ($1000).

If you're writing a BASIC program to manipulate the bitmapped screen, you can use this bank by

moving the start of 16384 ($4000). The this solution is that the start of BASIC

BASIC text to problem with the pointer to text must be

49151 ($8000-$BFFF), has 8K of its address space—from 40960 to 49151 ($AO0O-$BFFF)—occupied by BASIC ROM. The VIC-II always

sees the RAM underneath the BASIC ROM, but if the ROM isn't switched out, the 6510 will see the

ROM. This means that your pro

gram will be able to write to the screen but won't be able to read

from it. It will read the BASIC ROM

instead of the RAM underneath. The V1C-II also sees a copy of the

character-generator ROM in bank 2, at 36864-40959 ($9000-$9FFF). That leaves only a 4K block of mem

ory at 32768 ($8000) totally free for graphics. If you're writing a machine

language program that needs both text and graphics and doesn't need any routines from BASIC ROM,

bank 2 may be a good choice. Bank 3, located at 4915265535 ($C000-$FFFF), has 4K of free RAM, 4K of Input/Output (I/O) registers, and 8K of Kernai

ROM. Programming graphics with in bank 3 can be difficult at best. Even though the 6510 addresses character ROM within this bank, the ViC-ll can't see it here. The character-generator ROM could be copied to RAM, but free RAM is al ready limited in this bank. The VICII can see the RAM underneath the

Kernal ROM, but using that RAM for graphics would be messy even from machine language. In general, bank 3 isn't a good choice for bit mapped graphics.

Inner Limits Remember that the VIC-II can ad

changed each time the program is

dress only 16K of memory at one

to be used. lJank 1, located at 1638432767 ($4000-$7FFF), is the only

dress space there are sixteen 1K areas

time. This means that in this 16K ad where text screens can be stored and

information from one byte of screen

video bank comprised totally of

memory. Pixels with bit values of

free RAM. The only drawback to using bank 1 from machine lan

screens can be located. A bitmap

the upper four bits of screen memo ry, and pixels with bit values of 10

guage is that the VIC-II can't see

take theirs from the lower four bits, ncluding screen memory and color

Since the character-genera tor ROM

boundary, and screen memory must be located on an even IK boundary. There are only eight even 8K boundaries within the 64's address space—therefore, only eight loca tions where a bitmap can begin: 0 ($0000), 8192 ($2000), 16384 ($4000), 24576 ($6000), 32768

01 take their color information from

memory, it takes 2000 bytes to store the color information for a multicol or screen. You need a total of

10,000 bytes to store a multicolor jraphics screen: 8000 for the bit

character-generator ROM here. can easily be copied to RAM, this isn't really a problem. Using bank 1 from BASIC limits the amount of RAM left for your program text and variables. Most commercial hi-res graphics programs, including DOO

two 8K blocks where bitmapped must be located on an even 8K

($8000), 40960 ($AOO0), 49152 COMPUTE!'.* Gazelle

Sepmmbei 1988

Precision

"III

Data

Products"

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3-1/2" Disks

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ry, you would find the bitmap, screen memory, and color memory arranged as follows:

eo bank 1—are the most commonly

Bitmap:

these, 16384 ($4000) and 24576 ($6000)—both of which are in vid

used. Koala Paint and DOODLE/ both store their bitmaps at 24576. There are 64 locations within the 64's memory where screen memory can begin. (The default lo cation is 1024.) When screen mem

$1.09 I**.

(lots of 50)

ory is being used as color memory

Plus Shipping

for bitmapped screens, it usually is placed immediately adjacent to the bitmap to make loading and saving the screens easier. If, for example, the bitmap is located at 24576 ($6000), the screen memory will

Holds 60 5-1/-

50 3-1/T Disks

$4.95

($C000), and 57344 ($E000). Of

Each

most likely be located at 23552 ($5C0O) or 32768 ($8000). DOODLE! stores its screen memory at 23552. Multicolor graphics screens

can be the exception to this rule. Multicolor graphics screens have part of their color information

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stored in color memory and part in screen memory. Because the color memory is separated from the bit map and screen memory, the screen can't be saved as a block using the Kernal SAVE routine. This means that screen memory used as color memory for multicolor bitmaps may be located in any of the eight

24576-32575 ($6000-$7F3F) Screen memory (color information): 32576-33575 ($7F40-$8327) Color memory:

33576-34575 ($8328-$870F) In order to display the screen,

you would have to move color memory to 55296 ($D800) and screen memory to 23552 ($5C00). The following short program does

just that. It loads a Koala Paint graphics file and displays it until you press a key. To load a different file, change the filename in the variable NM$ in line 10. SR

NMS*"tUPIC

COMPUTER'S GAZETTE SUBSCRIBER SERVICE P O Box 10958, Des Moines. IA 5O340-095B Change of Address: Please advise as early as possible. Ailach I a bo I wild your old address and wrile in new address below.

New Subscriber: Fill in you' name and address below Use separata sheul lor gill orders

PLACE LABEL HERE

Renewal; Attach label One year S34.00

located at 24576 ($6000), screen

memory might be located at any of the following locations: 16384

IFF=0THENF=l:LOfiDNMS,8,l

BANK=1:SCNOFFSET»1:COLOF

FSET=7

POKE56S76,(PEEK(56576 JAN D252)OR(3-BANK):REM

($4800), 19456 ($4C00), 20480 ($5000), 21504 ($5400), 22528 ($5800), or 23552 ($5C00).

2:REM TURN ON BITMAP POKE53272,(COLOFFSET*16+

SCKOFFSET*S):REM N

Two years S45 00

lor postage)

NAME

SiltEET Clt* 5TME ZIP

Payment enclosed

For olher subscriplion queslions or problems, please write a nole and send enlire lorm la the above address. OR CALL TOLL-FREE:

1 -(800) 727-6937

files back into memory with BA-

SIC's LOAD command, the data for the bitmap will most likely be in the correct position, but the data for screen and color memory will be out of position. The only way to correct this problem is to move the data into position yourself.

For example, one of the most popular file formats for storing multicolor graphics screens is the one used by Koala Paint. U you were to load a Koala Paint file into memo

HI-RES

AND

POSITIO

COLOR

MEMOR

IES

POKE53270,PEEK(53270)OR1 6:FEM

SET

MULTICOLOR MOD

FOR

I=23552TO24S51:POKEI

,PEEK(I+9024):NEXT I:REM

(SPACEJ32576-33575 QA

FOR

1=55296TO56295:POKEI

,PEEK(I-217 20):NEXTI:REM 33576-34575 A=PEEK(34576)IPOKE53280

100

110 GETKS:1FKS="" THEN110

,A:POKE532B1,A BB

120

POKE56576,199:POKE53265

,27:POKE 53270,200:POKES

Finding the screen memory in

a multicolor graphics file stored on disk can be difficult. Most programs either write screens to disk in sec tions or move the data into one con tinuous block before saving. Both techniques are used in order to save

SET

(SPACE)8ANK POKE53265,PEEK{53265)OR3

($4000), 17408 ($4400), 18432

disk space. If you load one of these

(Foregn subscribers please add 56 00 per year

Please bill me..

self. For example, if the bitmap is

MONKEY

1K blocks not used by the bitmap it MAIL TO:

12 SPACES}"

130

3272,21 POKE532B0,14:POKE53281, 6

To print a Koala Paint file with MCGD, follow this procedure:

• Load MCGD and type NEW. • Load the display program above • Change the filename inline 10 to the name of the file you want to print, and run the program. • Once the file is displayed, press

any key to exit the program. - Type SYS 50152 to start MCGD. • Enter 3 for the bitmap number and 23

for the screen memon,

number.

When you finish, you should have a fairly good representation of your screen.

ML Boot David Roth

Automate your boot-up time with "ML Boot." It gets every

hexadecimal. To indicate a hexadec imal address, precede the number with $. If there isn't an initialization

required.

or startup address for the routine (that is, if you don't need to SYS to an address to install the program),

computing session off to a good start by allowing you to load as many as nine utilities at once. For the 64. A disk drive is If you use the same group of pro grams on a regular basis, you need an autoboot program. Rather than

loading programs individually, you just load the autobooter and let it do the work. Unfortunately, most autoboot programs install no more than two or three routines. And writing one

from scratch can leave you wonder ing whether it's really worth the effort. But with "ML Boot," you can

easily boot as many as nine ma chine language programs that you've specified in a data file. To create a new data file, you simply run an accompanying BASIC pro

When you run MLX, specify

the starting and ending addresses indicated below for each program.

simply enter 0 or $0000 as the start ing address. This will cause the boot routine to load, but not initialize, the corresponding program.

Program 1 Starling address:

02A7

Ending address:

0306

Program 2 Starling address:

0801

Ending address;

0A60

Follow the instructions for MLX carefully. Before exiting, be sure to save a copy of each program to the

disk containing the files you intend to boot. Use the filename BOOT .EXE for Program 1 and the name

GENBOOT.EXE for Program 2. Program 3 is a BASIC program

Programs listed in the boot file must use distinct areas of memo ry—their starting and ending ad-

dresses cannot overlap. For instance, for program development, you might use a ramdisk (say at

$C000), the DOS wedge (at SCCO0), "MetaBASIC" (at $9000), and the LADS assembler (no initial

ization address). Also, note that ML Boot will not work for BASIC rou tines that would overwrite it as they

load, or any other routines that load from 679 ($02A7) to 2815 ($0AFF).

gram that requests the name and starting address of each machine

that creates a boot data file named BOOT.DAT. Type it in and save a

language program. Then, with one load command, the system auto

grams 1 and 2.

check your entries. Shown are the three color values, the number of

Using the System

gram's filename and load address

matically installs each routine in the boot data file. Screen and text

colors are also set, and control is re turned to you. The routines in the

boot file—be they programming utilities, BASIC extensions, or even a word processor—now reside in memory, ready to go.

Getting Started

The autoboot system is comprised of three programs. Programs 1 and 2 perform the actual system boot and are written entirely in machine

language. Enter them with "MLX," the machine language entry pro gram found elsewhere in this issue.

copy on the disk containing Pro

To construct the boot data file, load and run Program 3. Now, choose

the background, border, and text colors that you want to have appear each time you boot. Enter the val ues for these at the appropriate prompts. (If necessary, consult the

color table in your reference guide.)

Press RETURN at each prompt to select the ML Boot default, blue text

on a black background. Next, enter the names and

When you've finished entering

filenames, the program lets you

programs to boot, and each pro

in low-byte/high-byte form. If you haven't made any errors, press RE TURN to write the data file to disk.

The system is now ready to

boot. Type LOAD "BOOT.EXE",8,1 and then press RETURN. The com

puter will load "GENBOOT.EXE",

which in turn installs each program specified in "BOOT.DAT". Hint: You can save a bit of typ ing by making "BOOT.EXE" the

first program on your disk. Hence forth, you can autoboot with LOAD

starting addresses for each file that you want booted. The starting ad

":*",8,1.

dress can be in either decimal or

See program listings on page 73. COMPUTErs Gazelle

September 1988

IB 59

SpeedCheck 128 A Spelling Checker for SpeedScript 128 Larry D. Smith

Here's a versatile and easy-to-use spelling checker for SpeedScript 128, our popular 80-column word processor for the Commodore 128. It builds a personalized dictionary of the words you use most frequentlyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and it works with any SpeedScript file. It's designed to work in either 40- or 80-column mode. A copy of SpeedScript 128 (October 1987) and a disk drive are required.

words which have five or more characters, but this can easily be changed to any value you desire

(more on this later). Five characters is an arbitrary

limit, but it yields a good speed/ performance ratio. You could drop the limit to as few as two characters and check nearly every word in the

document, but then it would take much longer to check a large file. Unless you're a world-class misspeller, you'll nearly always spell

January 1984, COMPUTE!'s Gazette

with the touch of a single key. Commercial spelling checkers

has published a number of utilities

come with prepared dictionary

that support this word processor. "SpeedCheck," published in the

words. SpeedCheck 128 can't

words like a, an, and ffce correctly.

match thatâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;at least not at first. You start with an empty dictionary and add words as you go along. This means that using SpeedCheck 128 may be a bit tedious at first. However, you'll soon build a cus

and hyphen are not recognized, so

Since the debut of SpeedScript in

December 1985 issue, is a spelling checker designed for use with the

64 version of SpeedScript. Because of the 64's memory limitations and the 1541 's sluggishness, Speed

Check tends to be slow. With the introduction of the 128 and the 1571, we can take advantage of the speedier processing time. "Speed Check 128" is designed for use with SpeedScript 128 text files, and it works on files created from any ver sion of SpeedScript. It also works in

40- or 80-column mode. The new program is more than ten times faster than its 64 counterpart.

SpeedCheck 128 examines

your documents word by word, comparing your typing with entries

tomized dictionary disk that con

tains the words you use most often.

Save Your Dictionaries

can then be added to the dictionary COMPUTEI's Gazelle

September 1988

two words (left and handed) or as a misspelled word (aren). A letter's case (upper- or lowercase) isn't sig

to the dictionary. Thus, a single dic

dictionaries and grammar books. Like most such programs, Speed

tionary entry would match basic,

lowercase when looked up or added

Check can be deceived. If you type

BASIC, and Basic. Words in the SpeedCheck 128

form when you mean from, Speed

dictionary disk are kept in sequen

Check cannot detect the mistake

tial files, with one file for each of the 26 possible initial letters. If the dictionary files don't exist on the dictionary disk, SpeedCheck 128

judgment about context; as far as

spelled words if they aren't already in its dictionary. These new words

traction such as aren't is counted as

programs before you discard your

comes across a word it doesn't rec ognize, it highlights the word on

SpeedCheck also highlights correctly

a word such as left-handed or a con

nificant; all letters are converted to

(assuming both words are in your

any misspellings immediately.

For most people, it's words like knowledgeable that cause problems. When counting characters in words, SpeedCheck 128 recognizes only the letters a-Z. The apostrophe

Let's clear up some common mis conceptions about spelling checker

in its dictionary. If the program

your screen so that you can correct

disks containing several thousand

dictionary). SpeedCheck makes no it's concerned, form is a correctly

spelled word. A price had to be paid to keep SpeedCheck short (only 2K) and fast. For one thing, SpeedCheck

checks the spelling of only those

creates them automatically. (If the disk-drive error light flashes during checking, don't worry; SpeedCheck 128 will correct the problem.) As a

new word is added, it is tacked onto the end of the appropriate file. This

makes adding words to the diction ary fast and simple, but it makes looking up words slower because the words are in randomâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;rather

than alphabeticalâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;order. Within the file for z, for example, zebra might be found between zymuTgy and zipper. The only way to find a particular item in randomly ordered data is to search sequentially from the first item until the desired item

is found. Thus, when SpeedCheck looks up a word, it must hunt through all the words with the same initial letter before it can de termine that the word is not present.

To help minimize the time needed to search sequentially through the dictionary, SpeedCheck 128 loads each of the 26 files that make up your dictionary into

where ID is any two characters.

dictionary, it is displayed at the top

(Note that it is a good idea to be sure that the ID of each of your disks is unique.) SpeedCheck 128

of the screen again. Add, edit, or

builds the dictionary automatically

misspelled word and continue

as it works.

checking the document. The Skip option is handy when the program

is written in machine language, it can be loaded, run, and saved as if it were a BASIC program. To begin,

some other correctly spelled word that you don't want in your

simply load SpeedCheck 128 and

dictionary.

type RUN. You'll see a copyright message and a prompt for a file name. Place the disk containing the

Once the document has been checked, the dictionary disk is vali dated. (Do not store your dictionary on a GEOS disk; the normal Vali

text file you wish to check into the disk drive and type the name of the file. SpeedCheck 128 will search the disk for the file and warn you if it is not found. If you forget the

name of the file, press RUN/STOPRESTORE to exit from SpeedCheck 128, type DIRECTORY to list the

time. This allows SpeedCheck 128

files on the disk, and type RUN to

from the user isn't needed. Using Fast mode effectively doubles the speed of the 128 and halves the time needed to check documents.

reenter the spelling checker. Once SpeedCheck 128 has successfully

loaded the file to be checked, it

SpeedCheck 128 is written in ma chine language, so you'll need to enter it with the 128 version of "MLX," the machine language en try program found frequently in this magazine (last month's issue contains the program, as does this

month's disk). When you load and run MLX, you'll be prompted for the starting and ending addresses

Check 128 begins checking your document. If you're using a 40column monitor, the screen goes

to normal if SpeedCheck 128 needs input from the user or when it has

finished checking the document. If SpeedCheck 128 finds a word that isn't in its dictionary, it displays the word in reverse field at the top of the screen, along with a

few words that follow the text (for

word to the dictionary, edit the

Starting address;

1C01

Ending address:

2-108

word, or skip over the word. Pressing the A key lets you add

can use any blank disk as a diction ary disk since it builds the diction

ary automatically as it goes. To format a disk for use as a dictionary

disk, type the following commands: OPEN1,8,]5/'NO:DICTIONARY,JD" :CLOSE1

yt'S, SpeedCheck 128 prompts you

for a filename. If you wish to re place the existing file, simply use the Save with Replace command (@0:) in front of the name of the

Customizing SpeedCheck

Once you've pressed a key, Speed

the values indicated below.

Before you begin to use Speed

disk.) Also, if any of the words in the text file have been edited, SpeedCheck 128 asks if you want to resave the text file. If you answer

Add, Edit, or Skip

of SpeedCheck 128. Respond with

Check 128, you need to prepare a dictionary disk. SpeedCheck 128

date command will ruin a GEOS

so, press any key to continue.

context). SpeedCheck 128 then dis plays the menu of options available to you. You may either add the

Be sure to save a copy of Speed Check 128 before exiting from MLX.

encounters a name or address or

file. Don't worry about the Save with Replace bug; SpeedCheck 128 gets around the bug by scratching the file and saving it normally.

prompts you to place the dictionary disk in the drive. After you've done

blank. Don't worry; this is a side ef fect of Fast mode. The screen returns

Typing It In

Press the S key to ignore the

Even though SpeedCheck 128

bank 0 of the 128's RAM, one at a to check the entire text file while having to load the dictionary files only once. With the text file and the dic tionary file in memory, SpeedCheck 128 is quite fast. To further enhance its performance, SpeedCheck 128 switches into Fast mode when input

skip it as before.

the word to the dictionary. Be sure the word is spelled correctly before you make the addition. When you first use SpeedCheck 128, it stops at nearly every word. As the diction ary grows, SpeedCheck 128 won't

stop as often. Pressing the E key lets you edit the misspelled word. SpeedCheck 128 prompts you for the new spell ing of the word and then checks the new spelling against its dictionary. If the word is still not found in the

It's easy to change the value that represents the minimum number of characters for words you plan to

add or look up. Just load Speed Check 128 and POKE the desired value into location 9167. PRINT PEEK(9167) will show that the cur rent value is 5. To change the pro gram so that it checks words with

four letters or more, type POKE 9167,4. If you save a copy of Speed Check 128 after you've changed the

value in 9167, your new value will be incorporated into SpeedCheck 128. Don't decrease the limit to less than two characters. You can use one minimumlength value for a while and then change to another without having to create a new dictionary disk. But consider that if you use a four-char acter limit extensively and then switch to a five-character limit, you'll have many four-character

words in the dictionary that the new version will never use. Like

wise, if you use a five-character limit extensively, then switch to a

four-character limit, searching will be slowed because all four-character words will be found near the end of the dictionary.

See program listing on page 69. COMPUTED Gazolla

SBpiamber 19B8

<tt 61

Disk Package Barry Camp

You may never need the DOS Wedge again if you use this

power-packed utility. It offers the standard Wedge commands and then someâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and it includes a complete disk editor. The 1764 RAM Expansion Module is also supported. For the 64 with a 1541, 1571, or 1581 disk drive.

If you plan Expander with in Program 2, Like Program

to use a 1764 RAM Disk Package, type "1764 Interface." 1, this program is

written in machine language and also requires MLX for entry. Here

are the starting and ending address es for Program 2:

The DOS Wedge (called "DOS 5.1" on the test/demo disk which ac companies the 1541 and 1571

drives) has long been a mainstay for 64 users who want quick, easy, and painless communication with their 1541 disk drives. However, the Wedge does have limitations. If you want to lock or unlock files, change

the name on a disk's header, find out the starting and ending ad dresses of a program, or rescue an

unclosed (splat) file, the DOS Wedge is of little help. "Disk Package" is a replace ment for the DOS Wedge that can

do all these things and more. Aptly named, it's a complete DOS sup port package. It even features a built-in disk sector editor that al

the starting and ending addresses of any BASIC or machine language program. Disk Package also works

Starting Address:

0801

Ending Address:

0B6O

with Commodore's 1764 RAM Ex

ing the data, be sure to save at least one extra copy of the program to a backup disk.

pansion Module (in its RAMDOS

configuration) and the 1571 and 1581 disk drives.

Getting Started

Again, when you've finished enter

The DOS Wedge Revisited

where in this issue. When MLX

Program 1, Disk Package, loads and runs like a normal BASIC program. When you run it, it installs itself at locations 49152-51614 ($C000$C99E) and is ready for use. The Quick Reference Table

prompts you for the starting and

lists all Disk Package commands.

ending addresses, respond with the following values;

The table includes two sections: the first part on DOS commands; the

Starting Address:

0801

second, commands for a disk edit

Ending Address:

1218

Disk Package (Program 1} is written entirely in machine language. Type

it in using "MLX," the machine lan guage entry program found else

After you've finished entering

ing system. In general, the com

mands common to Disk Package and the DOS Wedge work the

lows you to alter individual bytes

the program, save a copy to disk

on a disk. Many other features are

before exiting MLX. Since it's possi

available, including a command that lets you change a disk drive's

ble to erase a disk while using Disk Package, you should save a backup

â&#x2013; Before the drive status is dis

internal device (or unit) number,

copy or two to other disks from

played, Disk Package clears the

verify your programs, and retrieve

within MLX.

screen line, making it easier to read

COMPUTEi's Gazelle

September 198B

same, but some of these are en hanced in Disk Package.

the status on a cluttered screen. As

an added convenience, the current device number is also shown. • When a directory is being dis played, the @ symbol is an optional character—all you need to do is type $ and press RETURN. • When you're switching between drives, the @# command accepts only the numbers 4 through 30; any other number causes an ILLEGAL

Quick Reference Table: Disk Package Commands Symbols and abbreviations for DOS Commands ami Disk Editing System Commands + denotes a DOS Wedge command. " indicates wildcards arc not supported with the 1764. X indicates command not available ivilh the 1764. " means an @srfti is automatically executed following this command, Parameters or characters enclosed in brackets ([ )) are optional. dr: drive number (0,1) fn: filename

do: device number Ir. Irack number St. sector number

DEVICE NUMBER message to be displayed.

Si: starting sector number ex: ending sector number

• When you're performing a load or save with Disk Package, it blanks

DOS Commands

the screen and sends a DOS UI — command to the drive. On a 1541, this can speed up loads and saves by 15 percent. Upon completion, the program restores the screen and sends a UI+ to the drive, resuming its normal operation.

• Disk Package no longer supports the little-used "[volume]" identifier (available in the DOS Wedge).

Description

@ @*d» @U0>dv @£ @F

New Commands available in Disk Package. One gives you a quick and easy inventory of available free memory. Type @F and press RETURN to get a true count of the number of bytes available. To display the starting and ending addresses of a program without disturbing the program currently in memory, type a semi colon followed by a program file name. Both decimal and hexa decimal address values are shown. For example, if you enter

Display current device number and status

+ u X

Communicate with device dv (4-30) Change drive's device number to dv (4-30) Enter Disk Editing System

Display directory (@ Is optional) Send standard DOS command

Display number of bytes free

@Q @! @WP +

(1541 only)

Quit (deactivates Disk Package) Reset computer (cold Start) Disk soft write-protect on

@/['>'-]l"

(1581 only)

Select partition (cannot be used to create

@WP-

(1541 only)

%[ito]fit[?][*I /\dr.]fn\7\[']

Nine new wedge commands are

'+ +

■+ '+

tWnppJj*] •iinjfh

*+ +

-|dr:H?J[-|

;[dr:]fn

Disk soft write-protect off

partitions; use OPEN instead)

Nonrelocatable LOAD (ML) Relocatable LOAD (BASIC)

Relocatable LOAD/auto-RUN (BASIC) SAVE (BASIC) VERITY (ML and BASIC)

Display starting and ending addresses

Disk Editing Syslem Commands (All arguments must be in hexadecimal)

R[tr,sc] Wtr,sc N L[s.t(,«]) ? Pdv[,ix[,ex]\ Pdvl

X X X X X X X

Z[sx\,n\]

Display sector to screen Display numbers of last track and sector read List sector to device (3-7) List last track and sector numbers to device (3-7) Clear all or part of sector

Exit Disk Editing System (to BASIC)

Read track and sector Write track and sector Ruaii next sector of file

;SPEEDSCR[PT 3.2

with the file SPEEDSCRIPT 3.2 on

the disk in your drive, you'll see START: 2049 (0801) END: 8200 (2009)

The @U0>dv command works

like a device number switch, chang ing the internal unit number of your disk drive. Observant owners of the newer drives (like the

1581) will

notice in the user's guide that the dv

thereby maintaining communica tion with that drive. If the number

requested falls outside the range of legal numbers (4-30) or was other wise entered incorrectly, then

whatever information you enter is sent directly to the drive, allowing other U0 and U0> commands to function properly.

argument of this command must be a single character code (for ex ample, CHR$(di>)). Instead of using this method, Disk Package accepts ASCII digits to allow this command

Another new command allows you to verify your programs, in the rare event that it's necessary (for in

to work on any drive (even a 1541).

or if a power surge occurs during a

stance, when you're using a suspect

ed faulty disk or a misaligned drive,

For example, to switch a drive's

save). Just type an equal sign fol

unit number to 24, enter @U0>24.

lowed by the name of the program

Whenever this command is ex ecuted, Disk Package automatically follows with the @# command,

to be verified and then press

RETURN. Note that the Load, Save, Veri

fy, and Display Starting/Ending

Address commands are designed to operate with or without quotation marks around the filename. As with

the DOS Wedge, you can display a directory and then load a program using its directory entry by typing

%, /, or T over the first digit in the directory listing and then pressing RETURN. The other commands just mentioned also operate in a similar fashion. If you own a 1581, you can move into a previously created par tition in one of three ways. Either use @/partition name from immedi

ate mode, @"'/partition name" from

immediate or program mode, or type @/ at the beginning of a direc tory entry, like this: COMPUTETs Gazette

September 1988

Package is the Disk Editing System.

Partition entry before:

400 "VIDEO GAMES" CBM Type @/ and press RETURN: @/0 "VIDEO GAMES" CBM Disk status allcr: #9: 02, SELECTED PARTITION,01,10

Disk Package ignores the sec ond 0 character in 400 in the sam

ple partition entry. Notice that 0: in front of the partition name is un necessary. Also, do not attempt to create a partition using @/—use the OPEN and PRINT* statements

as stated in the 1581 user's guide

It allows you to view, alter, or make printer dumps of individual disk sectors. A word of warning: It's a

good idea to have a thorough knowl edge of how information is stored Editing System. This portion of Disk

quick scan of the entire sector, just

type L and press RETURN. As the data scrolls by, hold the CTRL key to slow it down or press RUN/

can't access any program in memo

how to use the L command;

ry until you exit with the X com

List entire sector.

L38

List one line (eight bytes, 3S-3F).

L65.7D

List part of sector (bytes 65-84).

Write Protection

ables stored in memory. However,

and the DOS error 73,CBM DOS V2.6 1541 results. (Note that this message also appears when a @WP + /@WP- command actual

ly executes. This command works on a 1541 only; any attempt to do an @WP + /@WP- on any other drive results in an ILLEGAL DE VICE NUMBER ERROR.) An additional word of warn ing: This write-protection method will not prevent the DOS New com

mand (@N:diskname,id) from for

matting a disk, so be careful. Check the directory of a used disk and be sure you've backed up those impor tant files before you reformat it.

Warm Stop, Cold Start

The @Q command is the normal method of disconnecting Disk Package (a "warm stop"). Since BASIC can operate as much as 10 percent slower when Disk Package is engaged, you might want to do an @Q in some situations where speed is critical. To reconnect Disk Package, simply type SYS 49152.

the Disk Editing System does re

quire 256 bytes of free memory for its workspace. If that much space is not available, an OUT OF MEMO RY ERROR results; however, it would take a very large program to

cause that. The first thing to do when edit ing a disk sector is to read it into the workspace with the R command. Type K, followed by the desired track and sector values (as two-digit hexadecimal numbers), separated by either a comma or a space. For example, R12,O1 or R12 01

would read track 18, sector 1 into the Disk Editing System's work space. (This particular sector con tains part of the directory on the 1541 and 1571 drives. If you own a 1581, enter R28,03 for a similar display.)

When a sector is read, only the first half (128 bytes) is displayed on the screen. A List command (L) prints at the end of the half-sector data. To examine the last 128 bytes,

ory is wiped out.

The Disk Editing System The most powerful aspect of Disk 64

COMPUTERS GazBttB

September 19B8

1571, track 40 on the 1581) or scan ning consecutive sectors of a file, the Next Sector command can help. Just type N, and Disk Package auto matically executes a Read com

mand, using the first two bytes of the current sector for the read (those first two bytes point to the next track and sector of the file). When the last sector of the file is read in, the program disables the N command until a different sector is read in. (You may type an N over the L on the L80,FF line when scan

ning a file—the N command will ignore any characters following it.)

Making Changes Now comes the fun part—actually editing a disk sector. The Disk Edit ing System makes full use of the 64's built-in screen editor, so changing sector information is easy. Just use the L command to display whatever portion of the sec tor you want to change. Now use

the cursor keys (but not the INST/

have this information on a disk,

two-digit hexadecimal numbers), and then eight reverse-field ASCII characters corresponding to the eight data bytes. Disk Package

an idea of what is actually stored on

method), and any program in mem

If you are either looking at the

directory (track 18 on the 1541 and

Note the format of each line listed. First there's an index byte, then eight data bytes (all shown as

prints these characters to give you

cold start (similar to the SYS 64738

Here are some examples of

DEL key) to move to the appropri

more severe way of disconnecting ware reset button. It performs a

STOP to stop it.

just press RETURN.

The new @! command is a

Disk Package, working like a soft

follow that first byte with a comma

Package is not for beginners. Refer to your disk drive manual for details. The @E command enters the Disk Editing System. While you're in it, BASIC is disabled, and you

either your program or any vari

notch. With this feature, any at tempt to save a program, open a file for writing, scratch a file, or other wise write to the disk is aborted,

hexadecimal) that you want to

view. To list more than one line, (or space) and then type the ending index (also in hexadecimal). For a

mand. This command doesn't affect

ever covering the write-protect

:he index of the first data byte (in

on a disk before using the Disk

instead.

With the @WP+ and @WPcommands, you can switch soft write-protection on or off without

(eight bytes), type L, followed by

the disk sector. Be aware, though,

that not all data bytes are displayable (for instance, the control char acters, S00-51F). The List command does much

more than just list half of a sector. You can list nne line, two, or the en

tire sector, if you like. For one line

ate line. Make the necessary changes.

Let's say, for instance, you which you've listed to the screen: 28 -." 15 52 20 :i 11 <"

j4H

If you want to change the 1.9 to 2.0, you need to look up the ASCII codes for the new characters, convert them to hexadecimal, and then place the new values over the old ones, like this: Position cursor;

.28: 57 45 52 20 Ql 4E 39 20 Type code for 2:

.28: 57 45 52 20 32piE 39 20 Reposition cursor:

.28: 57 45 52 20 32 4E

21]

Type code for 0:

.28: 57 45 52 20 32 4E 30fl20

Now press RETURN. The re

sulting changes appear in the reverse field characters on that lino: .28: 57 r; 52 20 32 4E .11] 20 ViUti ■•■» ]

If you make a typing error or you change the wrong values, don't worry—you're only altering the editor's workspace, not the actual sector itself. Just change the values

back and keep going until you're satisfied with your work. If you can't remember what you've

changed, you can reread the sector with the R command and start over. (Typing R alone will recall the most recent sector read from disk and

store it in the workspace.) When you've made all the changes you want, write the con tents of the workspace back onto the disk with the W (Write) com mand. The syntax for the Write command is the same as that of the Read command. If you happen to forget which sector you were edit ing, type a question mark followed

by RETURN, and the track and sec tor values used by the most recent Read, Write, or Next Sector com mands are displayed. That way, you can be sure of writing back to the same sector you read from.

If you wish to change a major portion of the sector (or all of it), the Z command can help. It will clear

the workspace, filling it with zeros. You can clear one byte, eight bytes, or a whole sector. The syntax for the Z command is exactly the same as that of the L command. When entered properly, the Z command will list the bytes zeroed out when finished.

Printouts Not only can you view sector infor mation on the screen; you can also

make a printout for later reference with the P command. To print, type P, followed by the device number (a single digit between 3 and 7), and either a question mark to display

the current track and sector values or the optional index values used in displaying part of a sector. Here are some examples of the P command:

Compatibility Software compatibility is always a problem for 64 users who do a lot of involved programming. Disk Pack age is designed to function as close ly as possible to the DOS Wedge, so you should find that it's highly compatible with many programs.

Since it isn't interrupt-driven, it should not interfere with utilities which are. Although Disk Package uses several memory locations

throughout zero page and the BASIC/Kernal system variable area, most are used for temporary

storage only while a command is executing, so there is little or no chance of conflict here as well. Disk Package works well with BASIC programs. In fact, some Disk

Package commands can work in side a BASIC program, with a slightly different syntax. For ex ample, a BASIC program written to scratch a file, get the status, and of

fer to display a directory afterward looks like: 100 @"S 0: fi ] e n a m e ":@"" 110 PRINT:INPUT"VIEW DIREC-

TORV";RS 120 IFLEFTS(RS,l)o"Y'THENEND 130 @"$"

When using DOS commands inside a BASIC program, you must use quotation marks, even when re questing the drive status {note line

100). Disk Editing System com mands are not allowed in a pro gram, but you can enter the Editor

from BASIC with the @"E" com mand. Note that some commands, like the soft write-protect and de vice-number change commands,

will halt program execution imme diately, so you might want to do a little experimenting. Despite these minor limitations, Disk Package

and BASIC coexist peacefully most of the time.

Machine language programs

are a different story. Obviously a program can't occupy the same

memory locations Disk Package

does, nor should it write to that area. Probably the best way to find

out if Disk Package works with oth er utilities is to go ahead and install

them—the worst that could happen is a lockup. Disk Package has been tested with a number of utilities. Commo dore's Assembler Development Sys

P4?

Send track and sector infor

mation to device 4. Print entire sector lo device 6.

P7.23

Print one line to device 7.

tem, which was used to put Disk

P5,E0,FF

Print parl of sector to device 5.

Package together, works very well.

"64 + ," which appeared in the Sep

tember 1987 issue of COMPUTE!,

also works with Disk Package, as long as you install 64+ first. Make the following POKEs when using SHIFT-RUN/STOP with 64+ and Disk Package in tandem: POKE60647,37:POKE60648,48: POKE60649,58

Some ML programs, such as "Supermon 64," are loaded as BASIC programs (starting at 2049/50801). Most of these will not work with Disk Package, but once you exit that utility. Disk Package will still be there, ready to continue. SpeedScript, "Directory Magic" (Oc

tober 1987), and many others also fall into this category. Unfortunate ly, Disk Package will not work with the Fastload cartridge, so it should

be disabled before using the pro gram. Other programs that won't

work with Disk Package include "MetaBASIC" (February 1987) and almost all commercial software.

Other Drives

Disk Package is designed to work specifically with the 1541 disk drive, although it has been tested

with the 1571 and 1581 and runs just as well (with the exception of

@WP+ and @WP-). The standard DOS commands (Copy, Scratch,

Validate, and so on) will still work on other drives, as should the Disk

Editing System commands, but it's a good idea to experiment using a scratch disk to be certain. Most of the features of Disk

Package are also available on the 1764 RAM Expander, with the help

of Program 2. This program acts as a go-between for the 1764 (with RAMDOS installed) and Disk Package. Program 2, although written in machine language, also loads and runs like a BASIC program. When you run it, it installs itself at loca

tion 52224 (SCC00). Once in place,

the program intercepts most of the commands entered via Disk Pack age and either executes special rou tines for the 1764 or aborts with an error message. For example, the

1764 does not support direct track and sector access, so an ILLEGAL DEVICE NUMBER error occurs whenever an @E command is at tempted. For more information, re fer to the Quick Reference Table above or the manual for the 1764.

Note: The 1764 Interface resides COMPUTEIs Gazette

September 1988

where the DOS Wedge (DOS 5.1) nor mally sits. If you need that area, you can disable 1764 Interface by SYShig to 49152.

System Hangups On the rare side of occasionally, you'll find that the system will ap pear to lock up while trying to ac cess a drive. The computer hasn't

crashed—it's hung in a loop trying to access a device that for some rea son isn't responding. The most

common causes of a hangup include: • Device number mismatch. The unit

number was changed via software;

MultiSort 128

then the drive was later reset, restor

James E. Borclen

ing its default setting. At this point,

the user's sofware selection doesn't match the actual device number. • Mismatch via @WP + /@WP-. These commands reset

the drive

before attempting to operate, caus ing the same mismatch problem mentioned above.

• Two or more drives have the same unit number. All devices must have their own unique device number.

"MultiSort 128" allows your BASIC programs to sort both oneand two-dimensional string arrays at machine language speed— just what you need for custom-designed databases. For the Commodore 128 with disk drive. file from BASiC would be fairly

• Drive lockup. To correct, reset the

Sorting string arrays from BASIC can be a trying experience; when you start snuffling around thou

drive.

sands—or even hundreds—of

• In the case of the 1764 RAM Ex pander, improper installation of either RAMD05 or the 1764 Inter face program. Disk Package must

strings, BASIC slows to a crawl. You can use any of several good

tines sort only one-dimensional ar rays or only one column of two-

machine language sort routines to speed up the process, but most are

would destroy your address file.

be in place before you install 1764

Interface. And when installing RAMDOS, be sure to select 207 as the interface block. If any of these problems ever oc cur, press RUN/STOP-RESTORE,

correct the situation, and try again.

With or without the 1764 RAM Ex pansion Module, Disk Package is

indeed a very powerful tool. With extra wedge commands and the

added capabilities that Disk Pack age's Disk Editing System offers, you can do almost anything to a disk. You can lock files simply by changing their file-type bytes. You

can rename a disk or change its [D. A "splat" file can be at least partial

ly rescued by restoring the file-type

byte, scanning the file, setting the last ungarbled sector so that it's the

final sector, and then validating the

disk. Your disk drive manual can be an invaluable reference tool for per forming these types of operations. See program listings on page 70, COMPUTE'S Gazette

SeplemDer !988

You could use a machine language routine, but most common ML rou

dimensional arrays. Such a routine

With MultiSort, one SYS is all it takes to sort your address file on any column you like.

one-dimensional arrays (lists) and two-dimensional arrays (matrices). Suppose you have written a simple BASIC program to store the address file for your local user group. The program stores the

A Powerful Tool

limited to sorting one-dimensional arrays. "MultiSort 128" is more powerful; it can sort both simple

simple, but it would also be slow.

names, addresses, and phone num bers of the group's members in a

two-dimensional array (we'll use X$ in our example) as follows: Column

iinli

ill'

name

address

city

state

7.ip code

phone number

To find the name of the third member, you would reference the

Typing It In

The program code for MultiSort is located in two banks for maximum speed. The routine in RAM 0 (the first 64K of memory in the 128) checks the variable name and val ue. If these are valid, the ML code in RAM 1 (the second 64K of mem ory in the 128) is called to do the ac tual work of comparing strings,

swapping pointers, and fixing links. If an error occurs at any time, the code in RAM 0 also prints an ^RRAY ERROR IN ## message.

Program 1, "Sort Maker," is a

BASIC program that creates two

first column of the third row,

machine language files on your disk. One file contains the code that

X$(2,0). (Remember to start count ing from 0.) To find the zip code of

resides in RAM 0; the other, the code in RAM 1. The DATA state

the forty-third member, use X$(42,4). This method of storing the ad

ments in Program 1 contain ma chine language instructions. If you

dress file works.well until you need

to alphabetize the file. Sorting the

make one error while typing them in, the sort routine could lock up

your machine or scramble your ar ray instead of sorting it. To prevent typing errors, use "The Automatic

which you wish to sort. For ex ample, you could use DIM AS(99,4) to create a 100-line X 5-column ar

Proofreader," found elsewhere in this issue.

ray named AS. The second number

Program 2, "Sort Demo," is a

strates how MultiSort can be used to

mum value allowed in the sort call. Assume that in this array, column 0 is not used (all null strings), column

sort both one- and two-dimensional

1 contains the name, column 2

arrays. The first part of the demon

holds the address, column 3 contains the city, and column 4 holds the state. To sort the array by name, use

short BASIC program that demon

stration fills a ten-row, four-column array and then sorts it according to

the column you choose. Column 0 is filled with constant strings, col umn 1 is filled with numerical data, column 2 contains random charac ters, and column 3 contains only null strings. (We'll discuss MultiSort's treatment of null strings and numerical data in a moment.)

The second part of the demon stration allows you to check the time required to sort a 1000-element ar

ray. The program first creates 1000 random strings; then it sorts them. In Slow mode, it takes approximate

ly 14 seconds to sort an array of 1000 strings. You can nearly double

the speed of the sort by switching to Fast mode before sorting. To go to Fast mode, remove the REM in line 210. To return to Slow mode after the sort, remove the REM in front of the SLOW statement in line 250.

Sorting Syntax The syntax for calling MultiSort is very simple. First make sure your program is in a bank that allows ac

cess to RAM 0 (bank 0, 14, or 15). Next, call MultiSort with the SY5 command. Finally, specify the

name of the array to sort and which

column to sort on if it's a twodimensional array. Here's an ex

ample of how to sort a onedimensional array named XY$: BANK15:SVS6912:XY$(0):REM SORT THE LIST XYS

The SYS must be followed by a colon, the name of the array, and a

value in parentheses. For onedimensional arrays, any number or variable in the range 0-255 can be used. (In simple lists, the value is only a dummy.) If any of these are missing or invalid, a syntax error re sults. After the SYS command has executed, array XY$ is sorted in as cending order.

Sorting a two-dimensional aray is a little more complicated. For matrices, the number within paren-

heses refers to the column by

in the DIM statement is the maxi

BANK15:SYS6911AS(1I:REM SORT BY NAME COLUMN

Or, to sort the array by state, use BANK15;SYS6912:AS<4>:REM SORT BY STATE COLUMN

Keep in mind that you are sort ing strings, not numbers. If you have strings of numbers, you must pad them with leading spaces so that the ones column lines up. If you sort "5," "10," and "2," they come out in the order "10," "2," and "5." To sort

these numbers correctly, you must enter them as " 5," "10," and " 2." Many programmers do not use element 0 of an array. Therefore, if element 0 of the sort column con tains a null string, it is left there after the sort. A null string in any other position is moved to the end

there are two related fields, such as last and first names, the sort might appear to be incorrect. A section of such an array might look like this after a sort by last name: (X)

A$(X,1)

A$(X,2)

SLIP

JAMliS

SMITH SMITH SPOT

MIKE

ROBEKT BOB

Notice that the sort column

(column 1) is in order, but the firstname column (column 2) is not (Mike should precede Robert). There is no way to sort by two fields at the

same time, but an easy way to work around this is to sort by the first-

name field and then by the last name.

A Note to Programmers

The sort program uses 146 bytes in RAM 0 (S1B00-S1B91) and 1048 bytes in RAM 1 ($0400-50817). It

also uses several zero-page loca tions (S05-S08 and $64-$6F) but should not interfere with any other

ML routines you are using. Loca tions $FB-$FE are not used by MultiSort. See program listings on page 82.

of the array. If this is a problem, use a space to represent empty strings.

Ci/126 WORD PROCESSORS

If you pass invalid data after the SYS command (an undimensioned array or illegal column, for example), the program will print

ARRAY ERROR IN #~ and ring the bell. A little care should prevent

this from happening. Also, al

though it should not be a problem, arrays or columns containing all null strings will return an EMPTY ARRAY ERROR IN ## message. (See the first part of the demonstration.) Having fewer than three valid strings also produces the EMPTY ARRAY ERROR message. (If you have that few items to sort, you can sort them with a simple IF-THEN statement.)

After you've sorted the array,

check location 6. If the value stored there is not 0, an error has occurred. (See lines 160 and 240 of the dem

onstration program.) If an error has

occurred, MultiSort will have print

ed an error message, and either your program can go back, modify the ar ray, and sort again, or it can end.

One final caution about sorting two-dimensional arrays; Although

ill data will be swapped correctly, if

Jgi, and occasional tittrt.

* Command dwtit for tiirpaw uiti~Ultl~ ttdlttmnifiat

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splil snetn nplinn. il punier mieius dill can send il culcN Jnicio ]u.sli(1fj|ifin. Roman pjge numhennc. halch Hnrch & ifplasc. suppinn 1313 lo laser prime". Easily tin hlglilll

productivity 12S nurd processor iviUibld (u*ed lo piini ihK ad'I

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Busy Bee Software P.O. Bo. ?959 Lornpoc, CA 9343B

(805) 736-B184 MC/VlfiA.W<ihlodlll)> Dl

New Products from Epyx

Home Video Producer, a new release from Epyx, lets 6-1 and

new Commodore 64 titles from this veteran softwarepublishing house have been announced. Charlie Hustle makes the transition from home plate to home computer in

128 owners put their systems to work enhancing home vid

Pete Rose Pennant Fever, due in November for Ihe Commodore

eos with graphics, borders and typefaces, wipes, and scrolls, Tin' package is due out in the second half or the year and is

simulates baseball play, with an added opportunity for the

priced a! S49.95.

64 at $34.93, from Mediagenic's Gamestnr line. The program

player to assume the role of a general manager who must build a pennant-worthy team

Two new products announced for the company's U.S. Gold line are Tower Toppler, filled with monsters from alien

without spending

oceans, and Tecknocop, with futuristic police action; each is

himself bankrupt. Activision's U.S.S.

priced at $39.95. Battleship is Epyx'8 computer translation of the classic

Ocean Ranger gives players the

beard game; suggested retail is $29.95. Final Assault ($39.95) is a mountain-climbing challenge complete with pitons.

next generation

Street Sports Football moves the pigskin from astroturf to as

in guided-mis-

phalt; it carries a price of S39.95. The latest in Epyx'8 Masters Collection is The Legend of Blacksiiver, a fantasy priced at

sile technology, and it challenges

them to face the next gener ation of risks

$39.95. Mind-Roil is a 3-D strategy game priced at $39.95. Seoul is the setting for The Gamesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Summer Edition, a $39.95

package whose design includes input from athletes themselves, Epyx, 600 Galveslon Dr., Redwood City. CA 94063 Circli1 Holder Service Number 201.

Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders

in global hot spots

including the Persian Gulf and Southeast Asia; suggested re tail is $34.95. Warriors weary of the sea can press into the jungle in Activision's software version of Predator, the

New Name, New Games Activision has changed its name to Mediagenic while retaining

the Activision moniker for a particular line of games. Several

The SID chip just met

Schwarzenegger hit that pitted Arnold against the alien. Predator is set for release in September at $29.95.

Ever read those tabloids at grocery-store checkout counters? So do the programmers at l.ucasfilm Games. Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders, coming in July at $34.95, puts the player in the role of a tabloid reporter In hot pursuit of a stunning scoop. The game extends the interface

made popular in last year's Maniac Mansion. Interplay announced Ncuromanccr, a game based on

GODZILLA! Forgti nliniii rule litiic blttptand iquonk*. v/tfn lalkini 9-voice Yamaha

I'M mutic synthesize! wliti optional (Ml S-octave piano keybmid and .1 composer & voice editor program Um Bwiluivm would taw rradtd Ihe

William Gibson's award-winning science-fiction novel. Neuromancer combines adventure, role-playing, and simula tion, and features a soundtrack by Devo. The game should be available by the time you read this, at a suggested retail price

of $39,95.'

Mediageme, P.O. Box 7286, Mountain View, CA 94029

Fillli fur!

It you're talking music on the C&VC128 you're laltang

Circle Reader Service Number 203.

SFX SOUND EXPANDER,

New Titles for Sports Lovers

9 indopondontly pm<ir;]iiim;iblo VOlOBH ;md MIDI capability And it thv'i fini enoujli ihetrt our SFX SOUND sampi.i-ik complBto wiih mlerophon* mil nftwan, itoo MIUI cajnblft

For ilir trill'1 williwii 1 ill "ill the tuiipon 111.1 ilnm 11 in Itionuil,or jiisi

give us 1 TOLL-FSEB call "I (8Q0) AM 3434 (in California calL 805 925 6682).

B, -*

FI-ARN & MUSIC 519 W. Taj lor "114

Santa Maria CA

Accolade has announced several new titles for the 64. Serve

and Vtlley, a tennis simulation priced at $29.95, combines

tennis action with strategic decisions such as ball placement, serve selection, and a variety of hitting styles.

T.K.O. gives players boxing matches complete with black eyes, cuts, and bruises. Priced at $29.95, T.K.O. uses split screens to enhance the player's sense of the boxing experience.

Fast Break is Accolade's basketball game. Designed by

Steve Cartwright, the $29.95 game can be played solitaire or

93454

with two players, and it uses an interface similar to the one in

Hardball and 4th and Inches. Ruck 'Em a $29.95 billiard/pool simulation, includes

snooker, bumper pool, eightball, nineball, and straight pool. Accolade, 550 S. Winchester Blvd., Suite 200, San Jose, CA 95128.

Circle Header Service Number 205.

COMPUTE'S GareUo

September 19B8

'-'

1E21: ID 1E29: ID

ID ID ID ID 10 Id 1831: 00 20 E9 22 1E39: 40 D0 38 A9 1E41: 20 1C 2 3 A2 1E49: 20 D2 FF EB 1E51: F4 20 CC FF 1E59 FF CE AB 23 1E61: AB 23 A2 00 1E69: 23 91) Bl 23 1E71: 23 D0 F3 20 1E79: 85 FC A9 04

BEFORE TYPING . Before typing n programs please refer to "How to Type In COMPUTE 's GAZETTE Programs," elsewhere n this issue

SpeedCheck 128 See 'nstructions ir article 60 before typing in. 1C01 1C09 LCll 1C19 1C21

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on page

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2361: 09 2369: 01

COMPUTEI's Gazette

Saplamber 1988

2371; 8E CE 2379: 29 7F 2381: 68 C9

6 8

01 04

8D 18

CE 23 69 40

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2389: 60

2391 B0 2399: 60 2 3A1 B0

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September 1983

CQMPUTEI's Gazelle

09E9 IBC

0 9E1

09D9 :86

C1D0 :AD

0B09: 20

0B AD

C458:FF D0 15 AD 0B CO C9 FF

Program 1: Disk Package 0801: IE

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See instructions in article on page 62 before typing in.

C198 :03

Disk Package

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60 AD 02 DD FE DD AD 00 DD AC BD 00 DD A9 11 A9 IB BD 11 06 C6 A9 00 8D BF 60 AD 02 DD 09 03 74 DD AD 0 0 DD 2 9 FC DE

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C1FO:04 F0

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00 03

68 B6 DA

54 before typing in.

03 54 C9

C4B0ID0

D0 4C 02

C4B8:09

C000: 20

C0 C9 FF 20 C2 C2 C0 AD 8D

See instructions in article on page

C018: 00

AD 0A 0B C0 20 34

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Pattern Fill 0E

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0D59:E6 0D61:77 0D69:95 0071:38 0O79:E5 0D81:E4 0089:31 0D91:02 0D99:46 0DA1:85

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19 A2 10 E5 CO C0 50 F0 20 38

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4D BD 4C AA A9 79 51 C9 C4 AB

2D AB 86 A5 G0 03 AD 20 A9 20

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0F31:02 0F09:DE 0F11:20 0F19:20 0F21:B7 0F29:D0 0F31:A0 0F39:C8 0F41:2D

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0B C0 F4 04 4C 48 F0 06 9C 20 CC

20 BD FF AD

00 CB

90 E2 C9 38 B0 61 AA A9 0E A0 00 34 20 C0 FF A2 0E 49 B0 10 A4 9B B4 93 AD 01 02 C9 3F AE 46 CB 4C 29 C7 40 02 02 99 00 02 6F 90 F5 A4 B7 F0 8F FB 34 C0 02 D0 CD

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35 C7 90 33 A 9 FF

02 C9 1A C9 12 18

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3F99:2C 0FA1:23 0FA9:23 0FB1:C7 0FB9:0A 0FC1:00 0FC9:C8 3FD1:D3 0FD9:AD 0FE1:85 0FE9:20 0FF1:20 0FF9:A6 1301:02 1009:34

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05 AA B7 Bl

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47 C2 SI

D0 B9

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1079:64 B5 1081 :C2 20 1089:20 38 1091:31 C8 85

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10B9:42

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8D 7F DC CB 20 30

1BC1:95

B2 F0 20 A9 10C9:20 9E C0 AD 95 10D1:C3 A 9 7B A3 C8 10D9:AD 96 02 20 Bl 1BE1:AA 4C 7F C9 A9 10E9:23 18 C0 4C 2D 10F1:41

B5 B9 A5 FF 91 42 F6 AD 56 02 A9 B5 AB 20 55 31 20 30 20 30 20 30 AD 75 A0 C8 02 23 Bl 20 9E C0 C3 20 D7 B4 A0 C8 C7 54 52 20 53 4 5

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10F9:43

1101:45 1109:4C

20 23

52 00 4E 4F 4E 45 41 44 0D 00 A4 B7 C0 IB 90 B9 03 02 C9 3A IE C7 20 35 C7 23 A3 IB 2 0 3 5

1141:F5 1149:E0 1151:A9 1159:D2 1161:85 1169:C0 1171:A8

52 C3 A0 02 03 20 A9 A2 9D 00 33 DB 02 91 A9 91 4F DB 85 A7 FF AS A6 98 A5 AB F0 02

1179:38

1111:F7 U19:F0 1121:85 1129:C7 1131:C0 1139:00

AE 82 7A 3B

7C 6D 60

80 5A 06 Al 64

39 4B

DO 89

F2 31

7fl

03 20 B5 A8 A7 A8

A5 C8

C3 DB

69 08 20 Al 13 C4

94 83 68

10 04 20 Bl

1181:91 31 Bl 31 11B9:A6 C0 CS C4 1191:A6 C0 A4 A7 1199:F0 0B C9 20 11A1:D0

36 D5

11A9:A9 2E C9 11B1:C9 B0 90 11B9:C9 C0 90

14 C9 A0 0C

11C1:C9

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0E 2C C7 AD

11C9:23

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28 F0 26 15 A5 9A C9 96 A0 C9 20

2C 33

56 74 D0 F0

11D9:A5 AG C9 11E1:C5 A8 90

11E9:02

11F1:07

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

September 1988

11F9:AD 1201:A5 1209:AA

56 02 9A C9 4C 2D

29 03 C7

BF 8D F0 03 4C DC

56 20 C8

B2 D7 4C

3E B3 6B

0A71: 20

1211:38

00 D9

0A89: 20

Program 2: 1764 Interface

29 2B 26 94

0A91: 20

0A99: El

0AA1: CA

0AA9: 31

0AB1: A4

0AB9: 00

0ACL: 2H

BAC9: A9

0AD1: A7

0A79: 20 0A81: 20

B8B1: U

0809: 37

0811: 52

45 20

3C 43

0B19: 20

3821: FA

0829: 39

0AD9: D0

0839: 20

0AE1: F5

34 29

0AF1: 6E C3 0AF9: 20 00

6E 52

99 54

0AE9: B5

29 32

0849: 34

4C 4C 41

0041: 29

45 53 33

43 20

0831: 55

39 54

0851: 34

35 13

0859: 7C

0861: 5B

85 85

3F 6E

0369: 59

0871: 20

0379: A6

0891: F0

0B89: A0

0891: 0D

0899: 4C

08A1: 00

08A9: 99

54 4E 85 85

0 8B1: 3A

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08C1: 31 0BC9' 55 0 8D1: 41

37 4C 4C

36 45

20 45

54 C0

2A 08E1 24 08E9 00 08F1 CD 0BF9 CE 08D9

0B01: 9A

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0B09: C3

FF 09

A2 0B19: 31

0B21

0B29: 0B31: 0B39s 0B41

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20 5E

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0901

0909

0911 A9 0919 A6

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03 04

01 02

31 25

A5 B7 57

02 84

0B49: 03

SB51: 7A CD 0B59: 89 9A

9F D8 19

0B11

BEFORE TYPING .

Before typing ir programs, please refer to "How to Type In COMPUTE! s GAZETTE Programs,' elsewhere in this issue.

The GEOS Column See instructions in article 47 befort typing in

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13 0951 A6

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on page

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05 5A4B :5A [)1

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82 85

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5A60 :45

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00 00

0A01 :CD

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0A09 :4C

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5AA8 :00

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79 59

5AB0 :00

5AB8 :00

00 00

0A21 :AE

0K29 :A9 0A31 :AB

3A 0F

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20 A9

65 6D 75

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0A39 :B7 0A41 :16

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5AD0 :00 5AD8 :00

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El"

5AE8 :90

0A59 -.ua

7A 51

5AF0 :00

0A61 :U9

5AF8 :00

0A69 :F7

5B00 :02

COMPUTE'S Gazette

September 1988

5B1B:20 5B20:35

B3 C2 5B A9

FE A0 00 00 C8 C0 C9 00 IB 20

B9 6F 5E 06 D0 F5

7E 57

D0 03 4C 45 Cl A2

56 6B

5B28:00 20 5B30:3E C2 5B38:75 5E 5B40:D0

0C Cl 20 4C C3 Cl 99 06 00

5B4B:B3 5B50:5E

4C 99

18 5D A0 00 06 00 C8 C0

B9 7B 06 D0 F0

60 83

5B60:4C

5C 60

5B70:5B 5B78:A2

8E 5E

8A AD

5B80:C1 A2

5BS8:F5

5B68:01

C2 C9

5C A2 02

12 Cl 20 71 A0 00 B9 C6 C8 C0 06 7F

5E A2 35

8E 86

5E A2 03 A9

8D 01

86 20

02 03

06 Cl A2

5B88:20 5B90:86 5B98:86

09 Cl 3C A2 3B 60

20 32 20

BA B6 4B

Cl 3A Cl

A2 A2 A2

8C 01 00

F8 74 16

5BA8:C6 5BB0:00

86 86

34 36

A2 A2

00 3C

86 86

35 37

A2 A2

3C 87

5BB8:01 5BC0:5B 5BCB:C1 5BD0:3B 5BD8:8E 5BE0:06 5BE8:54

36 60 05 01 00 B2 45

38 A9 80 A3 60 00 20

20 80 01 05 20 95 20

C2 85 Bl 02 A8 IB 20

5B 20 2F 20 00 8E 07 Bl Cl 05 18 C4 20 20

5BF0:20 D4

4D 45 20

5C08:05 A0 SC10:19 A9

B2 84 1A 20

5C13:5C

5BA0:8E

5BFB:12 5C00:60

Dl D5 C9 A9 80 BS

D4 2F

13 A0

DB 3A AB 4C 03 5F 00 B9 FF 3B 41 A4 20 03

1A A0

00 84

AB 7D

18 A0 45 Cl

00 20

84 Dl 9E 15

5C20:2F 20 5C28:18 85 5C30:45 Cl

45 Cl 20 A3 20 9E

20 5C 5C

9E A9 AC

5C AC 2F 20 16 85

IE 94 31

5C38:20 5C40IA9 5C4B:C0 5C50:C1

A3 20 0A 20

5C A9 20 45 B0 05 9E 5C

20 Cl A9 AC

20 AC 30 19

45 19 20 85

5C68:20

5C70:85

5C A9

5C78:C1

5C80:20

45 Cl AC

85 C0

5CB8:B0

5C98:A9 5CA0:B4

20 03

20 60

45 84

Cl 02

60 A0 A9 C0

00 20

57 09

60 A0

5C90:9E

Program 1: Quick Clock A4 51

86 06

5C53:A3 5C60:1A

0941

5B08:20 5B10:99

5C A9 3A 20 85 C0 0A B0

5C AC IB

5CA8:84 Cl

5CB0:81 5E C8 5CB8:81 86 02 5CC0I00 B6 04 5CC8:08 86 06 5CD0:00 86 19 5CDB:BA Cl 60

C0 A2 A2 A2 86 A2

5CE0:20

12 Cl

Cl DD 85 A6 45 DD 20 30

45 Cl AC 05 A9 30

20 A3

0B D0 F6 5E 86 03 99 B6 05 B2 86 18 0A 86 0B 00 20 0C

19 5D

5C 47

A2 FA A2 F3 A2 59 ft2 94 20 57 Cl EF

20 C2

5B 20

A8 D4

5CE8:C1 05 5CF0:18 C5

FF 4E

06 54

B2 45

00 52

95 20

IB 44

FF 2E

5CFB:41 5D00:44

54 44

45 2F

20 59

28 59

4D 29

4D 12

2F 13

52 10

5D08:1A

A2 F5 8E A3

5D10:5D

8E A4

5D1B:A2 00 5D20:20 C2

20 5B

0C Cl 20 20 A8 Cl

12 Cl 05 FF

5D 5F

5D28:06

5D30:54

5D38:20 5040:53

28 53

48 29

48 12

3A 13

4D 1A

4D 00

3A A2

76 63

SD4B:S5

5D50J84

5D5B:A9 5D60:7F

35 8D

85 01 AD 0F 0F DC A0 00

DC 29 82 BC 62 6E

5D68:5E

19 A0

5E AA

5D70:32 C9

5D7B:81 5D80:5E 5D88:8D

5E AA 62

38 B9 5E

E9 30 6A -5E 4C A9

A8 B9 AB A9 5D A0

65 01 31

2E DC 38

5D98:A9

5DA0:4C A9

5D A0

5DAa:A8

4I>

0F)

5D90!B9

5E A8 C9

5DB0: 62 5DBB; DC

5E 09 5DC0. B9 81 5DCB: 5E AB

80 80 5E AA 20 4F B9 81 5£ A8

5DD0: AS

5DD9: B9

5DE0! 09 5DEB: 0F 5DFB: 85

DC A9 DC 09 01 4C

5DF8: 81

DH 0R

08 DC

AD A0

0B 03

SA ID

AD 68

80 5E 95

DC DC

F19

5E BB

SE00: AS 20 2E 5E BD 17 5E08: 03 B9 81 5E AA A0 5E10: 31 5E A8 20 2E 5E 5E18: 85 AB 06 B9 81 5E 5E20: 07 B9 81 5B A3 20 5E28: 8D 16 85 4C 64 58 5E30: E9 30 BD 63 5E A9 5E38: 0A IB 6D 63 5E CA 5E40: BD G3 5E 98 3B E9 5E48: 6D 63 5E 8D 63 5E 5E50: 38 E9 30 0A 0A 0A 5E58: 64 5E 98 3 B E9 30 5E60: 5E 60 00 00 09 30 5E68: 31 31 38 39 30 31

60 0A 0D 30

8A SD 64 31

19 64 04

5E70: 98

SE78: 00

5E80: 00

5E88: 00 5E90: 00

REM COPYRIGHT

TE!

198B

PUBLICATIONS,

ALL POKE

INC.

FORI=1TO10:PRINT"IDOWH|"

PRINTTAB[5) "{4)001 COPYR IGHT 1988" PRINTTAB(5)"GCH_ COMPUTE!

PRINTTAB(S)"JFK

0IPOKE

646,5:PRINTCHRSU

42);CHRS !147) :NEXT

PUBLICATION? INC."

ALL

HIGH

RESERVEDtllOME)"

PRINT" {DOWN j IRVSK3JGE0C ONVERTER

1.1 { OFFHDOWN I

IGRNJ"

INPUT'TILE

FS PRINT"iDOWNJSEARCHING

10G

"GFS

IIDS""":FOR D

CONVERT";G

1-1 TO

4:KEA

HE:HDS-HDS+CHRS(HE):N

EXT

110

120

130

FOR I-1TO5;READIE:ID5=I DS+CHRSUE]1NEXT NLS""":TS=CHRS(18):SS-C HRS[1):OPEN 15,8,15,"10

:":OPEN

2,8,2,"1"

GOSUB36H:GET FOR E-B TO 7

I2,NTS,NSS

140

150 DS=NLS:GETI2,BS:1"1:IFB S-NLS THEN210 160 IF ASC(BS)O130 THEN213 170 GETH2,HTS,HS5:I=3:IF HS

180

$■""

THEN

190 200

210

HSS=CHRS (0)

GET#2,BS:I-I+1:IF THEN

BS=""

BS-CHRS(0)

ASC(BS)=160

THEN210

DS=DS+BS:GOTO180 FOR

I-I

31:GETt2,BS:

220

230

NEXT 50

240

250

TS'NTS:SS = NSS:GOTO 130 IF DS=NLS THENPRINT" tDOWNHRVSfFILE NOT FOU NDtOFF}":GOTO350

GJ JR

260 270

FOR

MSS*CHRS(0)

290

1=8 TO

65:GET

#2,BS

300 GETI2,CTS,GTS:GOSUB360: PRINTI2,HDS;:GOSUB370:T

SNEXT

320

330

340

DS=GFS THEN250 E:IF

NTE=NLS

THEN2

PRINT"(DOWNjCONVERTING ISPACE)"GFS

DTS-TS:DSS-SS:TS-HTS:SS

60 A2 20 CF

20 20

7E B2

C6 FF 5F 0A

CF 20

0BE9:20

FF CF

0901:9D

0A 0A

00 A9

DF B5

AD 20

83 2B 1C 70

0921:20

;GTSf

0929:20

90 55 C3 01 10

PRINTI2,IDS;:GOSUB370:P

0931lA9 0939:EE

57 57

0A 0A

0941:12

6D 8D

03 A9

7D 40

0949:85

FB AD

60 5E

21 E9 42

D0 09 A6

07 AB

32«E+2:GET#2

PRINTI2,MTS;MSS;:FORI=0 TO 15:GET*2,BS:NEXT PRINT#2,HTS;HSS;CHRS(0)

CONVERTE

AS QC

350 CLOSE2:CL0SE15:END 360 US^"U1":GOTO380

370

US="U2"

0959: 5C

380

PRINT#15,US;2;0;ASC(TS+

0961:18

0951:D0

"0");ASC(SS+"0")

390

RETURN

400

DATA ,0,0

0,255,3,21,87,10,1

BEFORE TYPING . ..

COMPUTE!'* GAZETTE Programs," elsewhere in this issue.

ML Boot See instructions in article on page

0969:C3 FF 4C 0971:8E 5A 0A 0979:02 8D 92 09B1:D0 07 E8 0989:09 8D 93

02C7:A9

02CF:47

03 42

83 03 4F

02D7:45

02DF:00

02E7:00

02EF:03

02F7:00

02FF:00

Program 2: ML Boot— Part

0801:20

0809:03

0811:8D

0819:0A 0821:0A

FB 20

85 4C

0831:02 8D 21 0839:93 20 D2 0841:FE A2 00 0849:05 85 FC 08S1:D9 85 FE 0859:F0 0B 29 0861:FD CB 4C 0369:09 02 8D 0B71:A2 08 A0

□0

0F IB

0999:4C 09A1:58 09A9:B1

74 09 0A 86

09B1:E8

09B9:8E 59

0 9C1:0A 09C9:C8 09DUA6

EB 60

D0 A0

AB 01

57 C8

AC D0

EB 58 01

DB 2A C9

09D9:A9

29 F0 5C

A0 0A FC A9 0A A9 FC A9 FE A0

IE 85 85 BS

AB A5 C6 60 FB A9 FD A9 A9 20 91 CB 11 F0 42 4F 4F 53 59 53

36 Dl

09E1:C6 09E9:AE 09F1:05 09F9:D9 0A01:FB 0A09:03

91 FE

49 45 4F

4E 4D 54

0A31:45 0A39:4B

11 53 45

ID 53 59

0A41:4F

0A49:2E

0A51:D4 0A59:00

8A IB

91 D0

E8 B9

20 20

90 32

0899:5E

03A1:8D

08A9:A0 08B1:BO 08BM:C6

BA CB

NEXTI

D4 30 D6 E7

43 2E 80 00

70 CF = 0:PRINT"|CLH)"CHRS (14 )CHRS[3)"|3 SPACES)COP*R

FB AD 60

91 08

[48+I):CV$(I,l)=STRS(I) IFI>9THENCVS(I,0)=CHRS(5

BF 56

D0 59

IE 4E

CF BD

54 4E 11 00 00

30 POKE53283,0:POKE53281,0

20 49 11 00 00

PR 40 FORI=0TO15:CVS[I,0)=CHRS

FD CB 09 60 47 20 2E 2E 2E 44 ID 12

BC 24 1C 34

5C 20

.DAT Creator

Program 3: ML Boot—BOOT

0S89:20

85 4C

0891:FF

85 8fi

0A 05

A0 A2

A2 C0

0879:08 08ai:29

4C 5A

18 D0 05 20

0A29:11

0A21:4F

Program 1: ML Boot—Part 1 0B

0A19:54

00 BA BD A7 60

0991:20

0A11:54

0A BE

59 before typing in.

0B29:09

0909:F4 0911:0A 0919:FF

I«0 TO

RINT:PRINTGFS"

02BF:20

,BS:NEXT

02A7:A9 02AF:FF 02B7:BD

08F9:5F

310 FOR

08C1:AD 08C9:20 08D1:1E 08D9:CD 08E1:D2

S=DTS:SS-DSS:GOSUB360

RIGHTS RESERVED 53280,0:POKE 53281,

THEN

refer to "How to Type In COMPU

■HSS:GOSUB360

280 GET#2,MTS,MSS:IF MES=""

Before typing in programs, please

Program 2: CeoConverter HE

IGHT

100

1988 COMPUTE! ?UB.,

PRINTTAB(ll) "ALL RIGHTS ISPACF.JRESERVED" PRINT"12 DOWNJI REDJ(RVS) BUILD DATA FILE FOH MULT I-BOOT...IOFFIIGRNJ"

INPUT"(2 D0WNHRV51B tOFFJUILD OR IRVSJV" IOFFJIEW DATA FILE [3

AR DD

110 120

RIGHT|V|3

LEFTJ";AS

IFASO"B"THEN320 INPUT"(2 DOWNjIRVSIBACK GROUND

COLOR:iOFF)

13 RIGHT)0(3 BCS=CHRS{BC)

COMPUTED Gazette

LEFT|";BC:

September 1988

Software discounters V-/ I

/ m IVI L- IV I V-*/»

For Orders Only~ 1-800-225-7638 PA Orders-1-800-223-7784

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539 333

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145

PPM

PPU 118 S39 Speed (.-mi ■ I Of l.'-'i $35 Super C $34

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Super Pj m j I SupC! PdvJ -.■■

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$39

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$14 .$14

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Sib

$39

for W>rld Cla» L.B, ,*H 514 ■■: ■

Triple Pack! mil, HI I .KM O«r Mom.(jw . S14

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$25

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Diction

S19

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Slnbad: Throne of 11k Falcon

..$21

The Three &IM>(M.. . .521 Warp Speed (R) 531 CMS

AYMJON HILL

CcfnmaEidD >..

51*

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$H $19

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525

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General .\n1. Hi ...$119

Invenlotv «fl

S*9

Brukthrll

(19

DATA EAST

lUri Warriors

519

Lock On

Call

Speed Buggy

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Tag Team WrHllirtg . . .Sll

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Call

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...$24

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Paperclip Publiiftri ...S33 Pipertilp 3 $33

Leader Un.uil (Original)

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Postcards Shanghai

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Sly Travel

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Bank Si. Writer Carrnrn 'i.inrJkni.i:

Europe

$25

World

S13

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S25

Du»nhill Chjllcnsi- .Call

Pilnlilwp

P.S. Comp^imon

iib

P.S. GrapWf Library

.J23

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T-ay Shop

S19

CAPCOM

GkttUft tioblim ....(19

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$19

f US

Blnumial MuliipUcation

$19

First Degree & Advanced linear Equaiiont . SIS Graphing Linear

Functions

SI'S

Miivill.nicini. j,

QuadrdLk Equaliont (19

SuKCH w'Mjlh: Addlllon S. Vihi

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Call

.519

Deflnuli: Add. B.Subt.J19

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Blockburter

519

Hup & wn-siiL-

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Capiain Blood

Cafl

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Boulder Dath

Conii rue lion Kit

$14

S19

Color Me: The Computer

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Death Sword Qnlroypr Di*« Bomber

,514 $24 $24

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Call

Create A Calendar . . $19

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Legend ol Btakdlver .Call

M^lrmrtrt^ Mind-Roll .. Strtel Cal

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$14

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fclS

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Beyond Zp'rk \1B

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S73

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Alien Jim Arctic Foa

119 S2J

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S26

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, ...tW

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519

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> ,573 $21 $11

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iylvia Porter's FVryjrul

SupcrtaK 126

$39

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525 S19

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W>rd Writer 3

$2&

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$33

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gBOFEMlOrVAL

An Gallery I ur 2 -Jl* El.

typing Tmor 4

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Pmvlng Ground

Race Cir Rithnvelk .. .519 Ten Little Kobou $"9 UNISON WORLD

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frint Waiter Plot .. (. (M WEEKLY RFADH

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ABC'i $lb MaiEi 1 or I,.,.. .til Ea. Nuniben .516

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Sprllt/abber Typing ACCESSORIES

*16

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Pan Scat Bateball Purr Stal Cotlcte

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Bonut DS, DD ..5S.99 BiP Cixnpuwrvt Startrr Kit $19 Contriver Mouie . . , , . $39 Diik [Caw {Holdi 75ltt88

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N.R. Cltp Art Vol. 2 -$9.8i]

Conflict in Vieinam.. ,535

N.R. Clip Art Val. 3 .iSJUl

Cunihtp . ..... P P,., 513

Advanced Dtingeom

P.5. Graphic E»p*™»er $23

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l,nd*r W0 add $3; fr«r thipp.ng on orJenowr $100. AK

Epyl 500 K| loytlkk ..$14

Ironlrclkr P P ,,. .514 Suncom TAC S 15., ,..$14 WlcoBit Handle $17

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CM. Library \ul. 1. .V».:'i; NiAvsroom $14 N.R. Clip Art Veil. 1 .WM

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Percentage Pai*

1966 Twm O*t* Plti -$14

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519

515

Partner 64(81 Fanner IIS (R|

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.$25

Plrilw

General ledger ..... ,$)3

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Batrfaall

Crusade Iti Europe.... SIS 1-15 Sirike Ea8le $23

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Footbill

Airborne Rjnger

$3J 533

sis

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Evtlyn V\bod Reader . $14

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Boi S<ort SU1t

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Dali Manager 7

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Call

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Roadway Europe .... .$2b

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(33

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J "

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Gem 64 •D«l« Pack Plu* 'D«lt Patk Plus

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i" ■!,- »im! .1:

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AMjrd Maker Plirt Blarlnn Paddln

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.^on ,n!stock 11

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A number game, using counting, adding and subtracting skills. Children help Crover work with numbers in five different ways as they play with the friendly Zips from Ihe

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Motic Maker M.U.l.E

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$958

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59SB

Pinball Conn. Set. ..$958 Racing D«1. Set ii.Wl

Astro Crover

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Orw-on-One

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S9M

S948 i<).Ba M48 ■.:■<■.!.

ACTIVISION

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slick Cwtdmn...

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,$9411

$958

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$958

$9.88

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$488

Math Mileage

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Equestrian Shaw lumper. .

$9.88

Highland Games Police Cidcl Thai Bo.ing

, , .S9.88 $958 $958

AVANTAGt Dereptor

$958

Deierl Foi Plainutrnn

$9.88 $9.89

Po<vel I'"'!" I

SIM ■:■■:'

Sl»ma 7

>l .Im.i V.,

SIM

Spy VI Sffy I & 1...HU

BOX OFFICE All

S94B

CBS

Timebound

Italian

$988

Me.itan DATA EAST

$988

Express Raiders Q-flert INK III EASY WORKING/ SPINNAKER

S888 $B.BB SUM

Filer

Sb4»

Planner

$b4B

Writer. HtCTRQNIC ARTS

Si4B

Adv. Conn, Stf

1948

Every bit as oulrageous and funny as the

novel.

SlkBB

Storm

S&SB

Railroad Tycoon

4TELAR1UM

Gemnone Him', r

The first inter active mystery

to use the world-famous

$958 %•>: ;:

Champ. Baseball

S'uia

\tHai Poker i Jackpot

UBS

water Poto

$648

On Court Tennii. . . . S94S

Wing Commander . . . $458

Star league Baseball.' On Field Football .$958

SEGA

Mil

Congo Bongo IX)

S4.88

Super Zaiion IR)

S45S

Microsoft Mulliplan .$988 HI-tECH

SHAtt DAtA Concmlraliori

S93a

A«ard Ware

S1.BB

Funlly Frud

$8Jia

Card Wire

Sum

Malterhorn Screamer SIp."II Party Ware

SIM

Prim Pomr »Jia Tom Sawyer's hJind . S6JIH Win, Lose or Draw .. .Call

Big Bird's Special Delivery

Greal Inl'l. Paper Airplane

Construction Set... S958 SPECTRUM HOIOBVTt

Sesame SI reel Seriet: Aslro-Grover

)e.ipardy Jr. $948 Wheel of Fortune . . .$858 Wheel of Fortune 2..$94b SIMON & SCHUSTER

S&88

$6JM

Ernie's Big SplaVi . . .SbM

Ernie'$ Magic Shapn SbJIB

Gato

S9£B

SPINNAKER

All In the Cofar Cave $448 Bubble Burien $4JU Covnic Combat S148

$bJia $648

. . . $9.BH

Tai-Pan

$948

Tau-Celi Top Gun

$448 S64B

Winter Challenge

S9M

$9*8

Question 1ELARIIIM

S9JT8

Anni

$44a

Educator

S448

EnlerUiner

$448

Home Banker

$458

Home Manager

S458

Kiichen Manager

S45B

Army Mow*

Champ. Basketball . .19JU

tbJIa S64II

Prrsidenl Ek-cl

1948

Mandarin Murder , . 194B

Our Discount Price $9.88

J9JIH

Pac Man Pole Posilion

Wlball VAtUF WARE

THUNDER MOUNTAIN

GAMESIAK

Mulants

Super Pac Man

Perry Mason: Case of

Perry Mason

Pan II Slol (jr Itxer

$458 S448

Nine Princes In Amber

criminal lawyer.

S&SB

\' Mill. ■. 1.1-1 I!'.. ■.!

$448

. .

levialhan Ml Pac Man

Murder by Ihe Doien S644 Music Wriler S64fl

GeimJone Warrior. . .49*8

HI-TECH EXPRESSIONS

Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Our Discount Price $9.88

Squash

S4Sfl

America Cooks Series: American $948 Chinese S9JH French $948

inFocom

$9^8

S448

Film Maker $448 Fraction Fever S4JT8 Cold Record Kace. . .$448 Karate Clion S&OS LMTH Ilie Alph.ilifl . $4JIS iTJrn lu Sfttll $448 L'im lo Add $448 Lclier Scrambler $448

"All programs on disk

S64B

DiK Dux

$656

|r. Pa< Man

ShBS

Doc the Deitruyer . . . $65fl Tekiny SW<8 Galailan $ft5H Great tscapF $658 Implosion $958

1951

unless otherwise noted!

Ask About Our Super Specials!!!

HI-TECH EXPRESSIONS

A matching game, us ing object recognition and classification skills.

Children help Big Bird

and Little Bird deliver

packages to the right stores-

Big Bird's Special Delivery Our Discount Price 56.88

P.O. BOX 111327—DEPT. CG-SLAWNOX, PA 15238 "Pteaie Read Ihe Following Orderinx Terms & Conditions Carefully Before Placing tour Order; Order* wild cashiers check or money urder shipped Immediately on in stock ilems! Prrvmal (. Company checla, allow 3 weets clearance. No CQD.'st Shipping: Continental U.5.A.-Orde« under SI00 add S3; free snipping on orders mrt SIM. AK, HI, FPO, APO-add (5 on all ordetJ. Canada f. Pueno Kico-add SW on all ordera. Sorry, no other Inlernjliona] orden accepted! M residents add 6% sales tan on the total amounl of onJer includins shipping tharnei CUSTOMER SERVICE HOURS; Mon^Fri. 9 AM-5:30 PM Eastern Time. SEASONS FOR CALLING CUSTOMER SERVICE—41J-361-5M1 (DStatis of order or back order OJif any merchandise purchased within to dayi from S.Djlf A. Is detective, please call for a return aulhori«!ion number. V* will nut pn)cc« a return without a return auth. *l Delectlvr merchandise will be replaced with the same

merchandise only. Other return subjeil to a 30% rcMotklnn charge! Alter M dayi from your purchase date, please irfer to the warranty included with the product purchased & return diretily to Ihe manufacturer. Customer service will nol MCepI colln.1 calls or calls on $.Dnt A.'i BOflt order linn] Prices & availability are «ub(ecl lo change! New Illlei an; arrltlnt dilly! Please rail tot more Information. NEW, MORE CONVENIENT ORDER UNE HOURS: MonrThurt. B:M AMf-.OQ ?M [rl, 8:30 AM-5:3O PM Sal. 10:00 AM-400 PM Eailem Time

130

INPtlT"l2

D0WNJIRVS1B0RD

EH COLOR: I OFFH3 013 FB

140

530

PRINT"(2 12

LEFT]";B2:B2S=CHRS(

GF GX JC

B2) INPUT"12 DOWN) [RVSJTJIXT COLOR:IOFF)13 RIGHTJ6

540 S50 560

INTASCIMIDS [FDSU I ,J,U +CHRS[0)) i iNBXTJ

150

1) INPUT"U DOWN)tRVSJFILE

570

160

NAMEtOFF}";AS I(JPUT"12 DOWNJIRVSJSTAR

580

180

190

200 210

590

600

GOTO260

6) :LB = AD-!IB*256 FDS(CF)-CHI!S(LB) :FD5 (CF )=FDS(CF)+CHR5(HB) IFLEN{AS)>=16THEN210

Lincoln Green

FORI=LEN(AS)T016:AS=AS+ FDS(CF)=FDStCF)+LEFTS[A

39 55

20 D2

08 D4

20 80

00 87 A9 A5 D2 73 0F 92 20 44

O8C1:2B

FORFC=1TO3:GET»2,AS:CF=

DC 29 0F C9 0E 4C 92 08 C9 0D D0 AE 08 C9 07 D0 03 08 C9 0B D0 D3 4C AD 57 05 C9 20 F0 9F 13 20 08 0B 20 20 08 0B 20 08 0B 0B 4C 9C 14 AD 97 20 F0 03 4C 9F 13 0A 20 B3 0A 20 83 B3 0A 20 09 0B 4C

08C9:14

A5C(AS+CHRS(0)):PRINTCF

08D1:4C

,:NEXTFC:PR I NT

08D9:09

340

GETf2,AS:CF=ASC[AS):PRI

08E1:5C

08E9:C9

F0 20

B8F1:8B

20 0A

350

NTCF FORI=1TOCF:FORJ=1TO2:GE

T«2,AS:PRINTASC(AS+CHR$ (0]);:NEXTJ:REM LOAD AD

0BF9:20

0901:14

DRESS

0 909:62

AS="":FOR J«0TO15:GET*2

0911:C8

0919:CB

0B09:39

0811:14

0819:43

IFGS="Y"ANDCF<9THENCF=C

0B21: 43

31 50

F+1:GOTO150

0829:20

0B31:00 0839:8E

0841:FF

0849:D4

0851:28

0B59:20

0861:14

0869:C5

0871:AD

INPUT"12

DOWN 1 IRVE)ANOT

HER

FILE

(Y/N)13

RIGHT)

N(3

LEFT!tOFF}";GS

IFCF=9THENPRINT" DOWN HRVSJ TOO

ILES...IOFF)"~

MANY F

GOTO530:REM VERIFY DATA OPEN15,B,15,"S0:BOOT.DA T":CLOSE15:OPEN2,B,2,"H : BOOT.DAT,S,W" 270 PRINTI2,BCS;:PRINTt2,B2 S;:PRINT#2,T1$; 280 PRINT#2,CHRS(CF+1); 290 FORI=0TOCF:PRINT#2,FDS( I) ; : NEXTI

310

PRINT"t2

DOWNHRV3JDATA

FILE CONTENTS:tOFF)

12 RJ

320

330

KQ GR

360

OPEN2,8,2,"0:BOOT.DAT,S

,BS:AS=AS*BS:NEXTJ:PRIN

TA$:NEXTI

370 CL0SE2

3B0

INPUT"|2 OU

WISH

DOWN)IRVS}DO TO

MAKE

CHANG

E(2 RIGHTJN13 LEFT)";A5 IFAS="Y"THEN70

390

AS AC

400 410

END LS=RIGHTS IBS,2):HS=MIDS (B$,2,LEN(BS)-3)

420

NS=L5:GOSUB450:LB=N

430

HB=0:IFLEN[HS)>0TRENNS=

440

450

H$:GOSUB450:HB=N RETURN EQ=0:REM MG

0881:4C 0889:CA

CONVERT

STRI

BYTE

460

LN$*RIGHTS(N5,1)

470

0899:4C 0BA1:0B 08A9:D9

DOWN)"

0879:03

0891:08

300 CLOSE2:END

37 before typing in. 08

250 260

XF KB

See instructions in arlide on page 0801:03

5,16)

EH SA

4B0 490

IFLNS=CVS(EQ,0)THENN=VA L(CVS(EQ,U):GOTO490 EQ=£Q+1:GOTO470 HNS=LEFTS{NS,1):EQ=0

500

IFHNS=CVS<EQ,0)THENN=?J +

08Bl:C9 08B9:B3

0929:AD

00 00

0A2U00 18 0A29:00 00 0A31:00 C0 0A39:00 00 0A41:00

00 00 03 00 00 00 18 00

0C 00 60 00

0A49I00

0A61:00

0A19:C0 00

0A51:30 0A59:01

00 80

00 00

60 00

00 18

03 00

00 01 00 0C

30 00 F3

00 06 Al 80 00 A2 00 30 A8 00 00 80 00 00

06 B3 00 3F

60 00 00 C0 00 03 00 00 06 00 00

05 4A

0A69:00 0A71:B0 0A79:0C 0A81:3D 0A89:8D

00 60 00 00 C0 00 01 8D 00 03 00 00 06 00 00 3E 00 00 IB 00 00 00 20 35 0F 20 4E 0B 20 62 0B 89 5F 15 A0 27 20 6D 0B 88

0A91:B8 0A99:88

20 C0

0AA1:A0 0AA9:AD 0AB1:58 0AB9:20 0AC1:0B 0AC9:0B 0AD1:5D 0AD9:90

73 00

0B C8 D0 F3

27 20 F0 SF 15 C9 0B 20 BD 62 0B 8D A0 00 20 8D 5D 15 15 20 76 E9 20 F0

76 79

0B 0B

CF 4D

17 0B

90 A5

25 F4

EE 90 20 15 0A FC C8 A0

5F DE 4E 20 20 0A C0 00

0AF1:FB 18 69 28 85 0AF9:E6 FC 60 A5 FB 0B01:85 FB B0 02 C6 0B09:B5 0F 20 4E 0B 0B11:FC A9 98 85 FB 0B19:5F 15 A8 AA 20 0B21:00 20 FC 0A 20 0B29J5D 15 20 F0 0A 0B31:20 76 0B C8 C0

FB 38 FC A9 A9 7F 73 AD 28

90 E9 60 07 00 0B 0B 5D 90

02 2B 20 85 8D A0 8D 15 E9

F8 E3 1A 39 8F 99 Fl ID 94

5F DA 64

15 20 15

79 16 E2

0AE1:5F

15 AD

0AE9:DA

0A 18 0F 5F F0 20 0B 0A

20 20

15 C9 4C 53

0A A0 15 C9 4C 58

00 17 0B

EE 90 8D

15 4C 0B 7F 73 AD 28 EE

C2 B8 32 BF E8 7A 6A B5

66 15 FC Bl 60 FB C0

15 60 AD 69 AC 66 15 50 A9 00 85 FE FB 8D 5D F8 91 FB 60 Cl 60 Bl FB 3A 28 90 F6 D9

0B89:60

B9 A7

02 09 AD F3 9F 13 20 B0

0B99:F0

18 D0

DC A9

01 A9

0BA9:30

B4 34

0BA1:8D

8D 20

0BB1:FD A8

A9 D0

20 20

76 79

15 4C El E2

76 36 66 F9

F4 ES E3

7B 65 15

DE F2 EF F8 F3

F4 El F3 E3 00

0B91:28

90 F6

60 AD

85 FC A9 00

0BB9:91 FB C8 D0 0BC1:FE A5 FC C9

18 D0 B5

85 07

85 FE Bl

FD BC

F9 38

Bft Dfl

0BC9:37

85 01

A9 81

0BD1:60

IB D4 29 91 FB A9 0C 91 FB 2C 0C 91

60 E7

04 0B 2B F8 A9 01 FB 9D

0BF9:A9

0BD9:20 kt 0C AD 0BE1:AA BD 1C 0C 0BE9:B5 FB BD 24 0BFl:50 85 FB BD 7B

0C01:FB A9

FB C8

0C09:67

0C11:D0

67 8D

15 C9 04 67 15 C0

90 28

AE 0E

00 00

1A 3B

0C19:90

00 00 00

0C21:20 0C29:20

0C31:

20 20 A4 A5 A6 A7 20 D6 20 20 A8 A9 AA AB 20 57 20 20 AC AD AE AF 20 D7

0C39: 0C41:20

20 20

20 A0 20 Al

0C51:20 0C59:20

20 20

09B1:00

BB C3

09Q9:0B

00 00

00 30

30 00

00 30

4F 99 AA

09D1:00

30 00

00 30

09D9:30

September 1988

0B51:8E

COMPUTE'S Guzetto

0B49:8A

00 00

49 24

09E9:00

0A11E00

RETURN

0A09:18

06 20

520

00 00

00 C0

0B4UAD

0B39:20

09E1:00

00 80

EQ=EQ+1:GOTOS0O

FF 00

510

0A01:00

FF 00

0 9C1:30 09C9:00

00 00 30 00 00 30 00 7F

09F9:00

09A9;00

09A1:FF

09F1:30

15 BC 0B59:64 15 AE 65 0B61:60 A9 04 85 0B69:FB AB AA 60 0B71:15 60 Bl FB 0B79IAD 5D 15 91 0B81:99 A7 02 CB

F0 0A EE 15 C9 18 90 0931:58 0B F0 F2 EF B7 0 93 9: ED A0 E2 F9 A0 F2 0941:E5 F2 F4 A0 E2 E9 094 9:F9 D3 B0 B0 B6 A0 0951:EF EE E5 E3 F5 F4 0959:F2 A0 Ft E5 F2 F2 B961:E5 E7 F2 E5 E5 EE 0 969:EF F2 EF AC A0 EE 0971:B2 B7 B4 B0 B5 00 0979:00 00 00 00 00 00 0981:00 00 00 00 00 00 0989:00 00 00 00 00 00 0991:00 00 00 00 0B 00 0999:00 00 00 00 00 FF

0921:AB

30 00

16*VAL(CVS{EQ,1)):G0TO5

CHANG

240

FG JC

30 8F 14

230

DOWU)IRVS)DO

TO MAKE

32 FF 14

220

WISH

AD=VAL(BS):HB*INT(AD/25

CHRSU60):NEXTI £S

INPUT"12

Et2 RIGHT)Nt3 LEFT)";AS IFA$="Y"THEN70

10:GOTO180 170

PRINTRIGHTS(FDS(I),16): NEXTI

ADDRESSIOFF|";BS:IFLE

FTS{BS,1)-"S"THENGOSLIB4 FB

DOWNJ"

PRINTBC,82,T1 PRINTCF+1 FORI=0TOCF:FORJ=1TO2:PR

13 LEFT)";T1:T1S=CHRS [T

DOWN}iRVS)DATA

FILE CONTENTS:) OFF7

RIGHT)

0C49:20 0C61:D4

20 29

A4 A3 A5 A9

20 A2 A6 AA A3 A7 20 A4

04 AA BD

0C69:FB 0C71:BD 0C79:0C

CB BD 4C 0C 91 FB

44 91 A0

0C81:69 0C89:S8 0C91:04

28 85 FB 90 EE 68 15 AD 90 Dl A9 00

AB 0C

AC AD

20 20

BB DE

AF AD

20 IS

2B 5B

91 El

0C 91 FB C8 FB C3 BD 54 00 A5 FB 18

15 E8 2C

02 E6 FC 20 68 IS C9 33 8D 68 15 C0

0C99 :ee

A9 Bl

0F51 :10

9C 43

0CB1 :8D

85 68

FC 67

0CA9 :00

0F41 : 02 0F49 : 90

0CA1 :90

0F59 :8D

69 08

0CB9 : 20

0F61 :49

0CC1 :FC

0F6 9 :1B

0CC9 :36

0CD9 :91

C8 C0

80 9A 76

0CE9 :A0

0F99 :AD

0CF9 :DB

A5 C9

0CF1 :FB

0FA1 :D0

0D01 :D2

0D09 :C0 0011 :F8

B7 A9

0D19 :27

0D21 :07

A9 27

D8 F7 AC 85 03 C9 ID 90 B2 C8 56 BD 70 A9 00 FQ FE 05 83

0CE1 :05

BD 49 12

49 18

0F71 :AD 0F79 :AD 0F81 :D0

0CD1 :F6

D0 A9 FB AB C8 C0 00 AD

63 4fl Fl G4

0D29 :BD

0D31 :A9 0D39 BD

0F89 :8D 0F91 :03

1291 :00

12A1 :00 12A9 :00 12B1 :24

AD 20

1299 :28

0DA9

1049

0DB1

0DB9 F0 0DCL 00

1059

1061

23 8B 57

1051

1069

0FF1

0FF9

02 4C

11 41

1089

1091

67 42

00 00

F0 00

0E01

FC 00

1099 10A1

11 92

0E09

0E11

0E19

26 39

15 54

01 40

0E21

0E29

00 B9

0E31 C0

0E39

0E41: 90

IS D0

10 D0 AD 9D 05 6D 75 15 D0 18 6D

D0 8D

07 15

BD 49

BD CF 75 C9 18 FB

0EFLs 02 0EF9: B0 0F01: 10 0FB9: 8D

13 D0 08 D0

0F29: AD 0F31: D0 B0

D0 AD 06 D0 0B 8D E9 08

0F39: 8D

10A9. AD

4C 73

10B9! 10

15 07

10B1: 0E

iaci: BD

4C 74

10C9: D0 10D1 BC

A5 00

10D9: D0 A9 00 8D 02 10E1: 8D 03 D0 A9 BA 10E9: A9 00 8D 05 D0 10F1: 06 00 A9 00 BD 10F9: 4E 8D 06 D0 A9

28 15 AD 09 04 A9 8D 01 A9 96

1101: D0

1109: BC

1111: 00 1119: BD

1121: A9 C8 1129: 06 D0 1131: 5A 8D

BD A9 03

1139: D0

1141: 10

44 70

95 E5 E6 58 9B EA E2

1381

4C C9 27 11

1389

4C 11

13 4C

1391

413

13A1

1309

96 AS B6 8D 07 A9 59 09 63

14 15 4c

31 6B 13 D4

13A9 CE GC 15 20 13B1 15 DO 0A AD 13B9 A2 00 4G 60 13C1 A9 80 8D 12 13C9 0E D4 8D OF 13D1 13 04 A9 F0

52 10

1399

BO 80

1401: 8D

09 80 0D D4 A9

13E1 13E9 13F1 13F9

14091411: 1419: 1421:

15 A2 FF

13 17

F0 14

F0 07

20 18

A9 D2 20

AE A9 A2

FF F0

B5 8B A6

3B 33

84 E2

1371 1379

58 04

1169: 00 1171: 45 1179: 00

65 00

30 58 98 04 31 00 A4 44 A4 00 45 00 EA

1181: 10 1189: 00

00 00

68 00

1429 1431

1439: A9

1441

1149: 1151: 1159: 1161:

1369

60 E9

FF 00

0DE9 3F 0DF1 FF 0DF9 FF

0EE9: 8D

1309 ;8D

0EE1: D0

12E9 :90 12F1 :15 12F9 :B9 1301 :40

12D9 :A0 12E1 :00

1081

0DE1

A2 D2

13 AD 6A 15 F0 ac 6A 15 B9 C0 03 C8 CO 40 90 F5 00 A9 01 80 6A 15 12 99 40 03 C8 C0 F5 60 20 Cl 13 AD F0 11 AO 00 3C 6A 40 11 99 40 03 C8 90 F5 60 AO 00 A9 6ft 15 B9 30 11 99

12C1 :C1 12C9 :00 12D1 :40

20 A0

D0 15 8D D0 49

03 13 60 19

0DD9

12B9 :00

10 D0

03 00 11 11

1359 1361

1079

B7 64 94

1071

6D 0ED9: 08 D0

1351

0EC9: 49

A9 D8 C9 BD AD 72 15 BD 15 5B 0E AD 05 D0 C9 7E 4C 71 10 C9 02 CO 73 15 BD 15 D0 DC AD 07 00 D0 IB 21 C9 03 DO 14 AO 79 15 D0 20 37 0E 87 00 03 4C 2B 10 73 C9 04 DO 18 AD 3F 15 00 20 92 0E D4 00 EB AD 10 D0 27 E4 4C 28 10 C9 14 AD 72 15 SD 15 7D 10

0F21: AD

10 15

0F11: 49 0F19: 38

C9 BD 15

0ED1: 18

06 D0 71

0C 95 F6 62 23

D4 13

0DD1

1311 03 CB C0 40 90 FS 60 20 1319 Cl 13 AD 6A 15 F0 11 A0 1321 00 8C 6A 15 B9 40 12 99 1329 40 03 CB C0 40 90 F5 60 1331 :A0 00 A9 01 8D 6A 15 B9 1339 80 12 99 40 03 C8 C0 40 1341 90 F5 60 AD IE D0 29 01 1349 DO 03 4C 65 08 20 DO 10

0DC9

15 AD CF

00 2C

1041

0EC1: 8D

103 9

07 15

E3 60

8D 15

FF E3

1269 :00

1261 :00

40 38

1289 :0O

DEB 9: D0

0EB1: 07

0D99 0DAI

00 00

A9 15

1031

8D 05 75 15

00 05

0EA9: 36

0EA1: 49

1281 :05

0D91

1279 :00

0D89

1271 :14

A9 29

0D79 0081

0E AD 02 1021 :AD 10 D0 102 9 08 80 CF

1019

B7 8D E2

0E99: BD

0D71

0FC9:D0 0FD1 ;07 0FD9 :8D 0FE1 ■14 0FE9 60

74 IP

1011

10 D0

23 00

03 BD 08

D0 90 10 75

0D69

1211 :00 1219 : 28 1221 :00 1229 :00 1231 :18 1239 :00 1241 :05 1249 :00 1251 :00 1259 : 18

90 20

0E89: AD 0E91: 60

0FC1 :AD

■1C

00 00

0FB9 :03

00 28

1009

1201 :50 1209 :00

1001

20 08

0E79: 15 0E81: 6D

11F9 :00

0E71: 10

0D59 0D61

10 0D 15

0D51

0E69: 90

0D49

0E49: 0E51: 0E59: 0E61:

D0 A9 BC 96 8D 01 D0 D0 A9 03 BD 8D 26 00 A9 A9 02 8D 6C 6R 15 A9 04 6E IS A9 4C 4C 8D 6D 15 15 AD IB D4 A9 FF BD E2

0FA9 :07

00 00

0FB1 :8D

0D41

11E9 :00 11F1 :14

C6 34

1199: 6A 11A1: 00

1449: 20

0C 00

3D 61

00 00

00 50

03 9E

10 80

11B9: 00 11C1: 50

2C 96

11D9: 18

00 00

1479: 60

C8 99

1471: 20

11C9: 00 11D1: 00

1459: 6E 15 1461: 02 FF 1469: F0 FF

llBli 44

1451: 18

10 DO 06 D0

11A9: 00

AS 00

40 58

11E1: 00

15 06

14 E2

1481: 15 1489: BB

□3

1191: 00

COMPUTEfs Gaielte

23 19 0C

September 1988

1491:9D

C728: 67

90 C6

C490: A9

C498: 9F C6

A5 67

C730: 06 C738: E7 C740! 69

14A1:20 14A9:15

14 15

C480: 4C C48B: 04

1499:4C

14B1:O6

C4A0: 6A

C748: E6

65 06

85 26

14B9:AC 14C1:70 14C9:16 14D1:15 14D9:20 14E1:62

15 AD 15 00 AO 6E

C4A8: 20

C6 C9

C750: FE

IB 15

4C 4C 55

45 6D

1501:AD

02 FF 08 A2 IF 59 43 48 43 55 6E IS

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See instructions in irtide

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In INFO's May-June '88 Issue

THE TOTAL COPY.UTlLmES PACKAGE CREATED JUST FOR C-128 OWNERS I

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MultiSort Article on page 66.

Program 1: Sort Maker he

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P2037:PRINT"SORT1:

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variables

{SPACElEND

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compute!

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COMPUTERS Gazette

05 91

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1988

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ANY

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110

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DATA

STA

TEMENT5..." 120

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32,134,3,201,58,24

0,3,76,108,121,32,128,3 ,32,60,123,144,245

130

DATA

133,5,32,128,3,144

,15,201,36,208,6,169,12 8,133,6,208,23,32

140

DATA

60,123,144,223,9,1

28,133,6,32,128,3,144,2 51,32,60,123,176

150

DATA

246,201,36,20B,205

,32,12B,3,201,40,208,19 8,32,215,119,32

1S0

DATA 199,140,240,4,201, 58,203,18 6,162,10,18 9,1

170

DATA

36,27,157,128,2

202,16,247,32,128,

2,176,3,169,0,96,169,0, 141,0,255,138,208

180

DATA

10,32,125,255,69,7

7,80,84,89,32,0,32,125,

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HOW IN STOC^I

tlfA.riiprosf-cau loi Je-S=ll

255,65,82,82,65,89 SE

190

DftTA

32,69,32,82,79,82,

473

7,0,32,3B,142,169,1,96, 141,2,255,32,0,4

200

210

DATA DATA

141,3,255,96 165,49,133,7,166,5

0,134,8,197,51,20B,4,22 8,52,240,76,165 CC

220

DATA

483

ftC

230

240

490

100,5,101,5,102,20

DATA 134,7,197,52,208,2 20,22B,51,240.2B,208,21

4,160,4,177,7,178 MD

250

DATA 202,240,22,224,1,2 '08,14,200,177,7,208,9,2 00,177,7,170,202

260

DATA

270

1,56,96,160,4,177,7,141 ,247,7,201,1,240 DATA 31,200,177,7,141,2

280

DATA

290

300

310

320

510

330

DATA

530

7,22,B,173,1,8,237,23,8 ,144,3,76,191,5 DATft 23B,18,8,20B,3,238

550

350

3,251,7,233,0,141,255,7 ,173,254,7,174,255 DATA 7,32,188,7,133,5,1

580

DATA

370

590 DftTA

380

600

610

390

DATA

FR 620

400

DATA

630

420

DATft

Aft

640

650

433

DATA

SP 660

670

440

450

460

DATA 16,8,141,18,B,173, 17,8,141,19,8,173,18,8,

141,22,8,173,19,8 DATA 141,23,8,173,22,8, 141,252,7,173,23,8,141, 253,7,56,173,252,7 DATft 237,16,8,141,254,7 ,173,253.7,237,17,8,141

COMPUTE'S Gazelle

September 1988

COLOR0,l:COLOR4,l:COLOR5

,12:FRINT"lCLR}"TAB(TB)" COPYRIGHT

DATA

143,7,8,24,173,245

,7,109,8,8,133,5,173,24

DftTA

DATA

M MOVE BANK1

680

GD JA

BLQAD"%5ORT0",B0:BLOAD"% SORT1",B1 60 PRINT"iCLRS" 70 DIMA,B,T,AS15) ,QS !9,3) ,A

80 QS(7,0)-"fllB2":QS(8,0)""

YS(2>

1Z {3

100 FORX=3TO9:QS(X,2)=CHRS(

FORX=0TO9:QS(X,1)=STRS[1 5-X):NEXT INT(65+RND[1)*26)): NEXT

110

120

130

GETAS:IF(ftS<"0")OR(AS>" 4")THEN123 PRINTAS:IFAS="4"THEN200

143

PRINT'MCLRl{5J"TAB(16)n

(0-3,

153

160

COL

BANK14:SYS6912:QS(VflL(A $)):IFPEEK(6)THENEND:RE

170

DUMMY

VARIABLE

REQUIR

IFRGR(0)THENPRINT" (HOME){5}"TAB(52)"SORTE

D ON COL

180

193

"AS:T=40:ELSEP

RINT"{5J"TAB(12)"SORTED OH COL "AS PRINTTAB(T)" I COL 0"," COL l'V'COL 2","COL 3" FORB-0TO9:PRINTTAB(T)" {5}"B"tC¥N)"QS(B,0),"

DATft

t2J"QS(B,l) ,"{6}"QS(B,2

7,174,255,7,32,164

DATA

200

6,24,173,2,8,109,8

8,208,3,238,7,8,17

700

16,247,96, 141,14,8 DATA 142,15,8,14,14,8,4 6,15,B,24,109,14,8,72,1 DATA 104,96,32,164,7,24 ,109,245,7,141,14,8,138

DATA

8,24,173,14,8,109,

4,B,141,14,8,173,15,8,1 09,5,8,141,15,8

):NEXT:CLR:GOTO70 CLR:DM=1000:PRINT"LONG

ISPACEjLIST SORT DEMO.. ,":PRINT"SORT LIST OF"D M"STHINGS..."

3,248,7,205,6,8,208,8,1 73,249,7,205,7,8 DATA 240,3,76,31,7,163,

730

(SPACE}0"," COL l","COL 2", "COL 3" FORB=0TO9:PRINT"(5}"B" fCYN)"QSfB,0),"{2}"Q$(B

210

PRINT"CREATING

220

. ..":DIMftS(DM) :REM FAST FORX^1TODM:FOR¥=1TO INT

LIST

NOW

(RND(1)*B + 1) :A$(X)=AS (X J+CHRS (INT(RNDU)*26 + 65 MM

230

)):NEXTY,X PRINT"{BELL)SORTING

NOW

. . .":BANK15:TI$ = "000000 ":SYS6912:AS(D Hft

243

IFPEEK(6)THENEND

250

PRINTTI/60"SECONDS TO S ORT"DM"STRINGS":REM SLO

263

,109,246,7,141,15

TO CONT):

,1) ,"{6>"0S(B,2) :tJEXT

DftTft

720

ORIGINAL":PRINT"

38,10 9,15,8,170

:Q$[RND(1)»10,2)="" PRINT"{5}SORT BY COLUMN

690

710

RQ":Q$(4»0)'" SPACES)86":QS(1,0)="

12 SPACES)123":Q$(2,0)=" Z"

3,185,10,8,153,5,0,136,

FOR ML C

,8,141,8,8,173,3,8,109, 9,8,141,9,8,238,6

ODE

9,8,133,8,173,254

01,8,133,8,32,181

COMPUTE!

INC.":PRINT

TAB(TB+8)"ALL RIGHTS RES ERVED" POKE48,9:POKE50,9:CLR:RE

173,252,7,174,253,

24,173,245,7,109,8

19B8

1S PACE)PUB.,

,7,24,101,7,133,7,138,1

,8,173,17,8,141,21,B,7B RH

3,185,5,0,153,10,8

,8,133,7,173,246,7,109,

16,B,41,254,141,20

,17,8,110,16,8,173

DATft

7,32,164,7,24,101,5,133 ,5,138,101,6,133,6

33,3,173,17,3,233,0,176 ,4,162,0,56,96,173

6,7,109,9,8,133,6

7,141,0,8,141,16,B,173, 17,8,56,173,16,3,2

0,113,7,141,2,7,16

RESERVED

IFRGR(0)THENTB-23:ELSETB

,140,9,8,140,6,8

8,3,206,253,7,206,252,7

255,7,141,1,8,141

DATA

RIGHTS

COMPU IHC.

,136,16,247,200,140,8,8

254,7,173,252,7,20

,173,253,7,13,252 DATA 7 , 20B , 1 91,173, 25.4 ,

136,16,247,160,0,1

,136,16,247,96,160

32,188,7,133,7,134

410

19B8

PUBLICATIONS,

ALL

0,1,185,7,0,153,227,254

,8,32,7,7,173,254,7,20B MB

TE!

77,7,240,26,200,24,113,

32,18B,7,133 , 5 ,134

,3,236,255,7,206

DATA

7,141,1,7,230,169

,6,160,0,177,5,208,27,1 73,254,7,174,255,7

DATA 225,6,200,169,0,11 3,5,141,226,6,160,1,185 ,5,0,153,244,254

7,173,255,7,141,253,7,1 DATA

5,104,145,7,136,16

00,24,113,5,141

173,254,7,141,252,

73,252,7,174,253,7

165,113,208,2,24,9

,243,200,177,5,240,26,2

7,173,255,7,13,254,7,23 DftTA

DATA

177,5,72,177,7,145

206,255,7,236,254,

8,216,162,3,56,96 MD

,201,3,240,21,160 DATA 0,177,105,209,138,

REM COPYRIGHT

6,56,96,32,229,7,160,2,

233,1,141,254,7,17

,173,254,7,208,3 360

29,7,162,1,165,107 DATA 197,104,144,3,165, 104,202,133,111,134,110

,196,111,208,241

34,6,160,0,177,5,238,23 SX

,169,0,237,17,8 DATA 176,3,76,147,5,173

240,4,144,11,176,11,200

3 , B,162,0,142,4,8,

DATA

235,21,8,240,3,76,

,0,B,174,1,8,24,96,32,2

570

340

DATA

179,5,56,169,1,237,16,8

34,56,173,250,7

23,8,56,173,0,8,23

,208,8,173,19,8

540

DATA 103,140,245,7,140, 249,7,203,140,248,7,163 ,5,177,7,141,251,7 DATA 200,177,7,141,250, 7,24,169,7,109,245,7,10

DATA 141,4,8,173,3,8,10 9,5,8,141,5,8,202,208,2

237,17,8,141,255,7

520

142,5,8,166,103,240,22, HA

,19,8,173,18,8,205,23,8

,7,153,107,0,136 DATA 16,243,96

Program 2: Sort Demo

,23,8,109,17,8,141

560

24,173,2,8,109,4,8

DATft 255,7,141,253,7,56 ,173,252,7,237,16,B,141

8,109,16,8,141,22,8,173 i

DATA 1707,173,14,8,96,16 0,2,177,5,153,104,0,177

133,5,134,6,32,134

,56,173,252,7,237,16,8,

DATA

DATft

173,253,7,237,17,8 DATA 176,176,24,173,22,

,208,27,160,0,132

1,7,141,245,7,165 DATft B,105,0,141,246,7, 173,250,7,174,251,7,32, 164,7,141,2,8,142

750

DATA

251,7,200,177,7,14

1,250,7,169,2,141,245,7

500

49,7,200,177,7,141,248,

740

,254,7,173,253,7

228,103,176,4,162,

7,200,177,7,141

,6,144,49,32,7,7,173,25 4,7,141,252,7,173

9,68,160,0,165,5,209,7, 208,7,200,165,6 DATft 209,7,240,27,160,2 ,24,177,7,101,7,170,200 ,177,7,101,8,133,8

,255,7,173,252,7 DATA 174,253,7,32,188,7 ,133,7,134,8,173,254,7, 174,255,7,32,188,7

PRINT"DO

YOU WANT

E THE SORTED

LIST?

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pir

270 GETAS:IF(AS<>"¥")AND(AS

O"N")THEN270 PRINTAS:IFA5="Y"THENFOR

2B0

X-1TODM:PRINTAS(X):NEXT

310

POKE857,30:POKE845,0:GO

710

720

POKE1703+N+F,83:POKE559

730

IFFL"1THENFL=3:GOTO680

7S+N+F,1

740

IFG1>90ORGK32THEN680

750

BM 320 SP=0:FORN=1TOLEN(AS):MS =MIDS(fiS,N,l):IFMS="

HENSP=SPt-l:GOTO340 PQ

Boom and Bust Article on page 38.

Program 1: Boom and Bust Main Program HS

REH

TEL

PUBLICATIONS,

ALL

RIGHTS

1988

RESERVED

IFA=1THEHB0 PRINT"{CLR)[9

BX MG

20 30

f7 RIGHT)(RVSj(6 SPACES) COPYRIGHT 19BB17 SPACES) {OFF)" 40 PRINT"17 RIGHT}(RVS}COMP UTE!

INC.

RIGHTitRVS)

SPACESJALL

ERVED{5 ER

DOWN}

PUBLICATIONS,

(OFF)" PRINT "|7

RIGHTS

SPACES){OFF)":FO

RI»1TO1500:NEXT A = l:LOAD"Bi!B.HL",a,l FORSD=0TO5:READSD(SD):PO

FORN = 1TO8:READFH(N) ,FL (tJ ):NEXT:SID«54272

RD HX

100 110

DIMAS(50) READAE(T) : IFAS [T)O"END "THENT-T+1:GOTO110 120 T-T-1:SYS16385:POKE845, 0:POKE844,0

SE GR

130

E1ORN=0TO2"T:R1 = INT(RND{ 0)*T):R2=INT !RND(0)»T) + 1:TS=AS(R1):AS(R1)=AS(R 2) A$(R2)=TS:NEXT

140

150 K=0:P=l:SC(3)-3:SC(l)-0

:SF(0)«0:SF[1)-0:FL-0:R G=0:FF«0 PRINT"{CLR)":POKE214,11

160

:POKE211,14:PRINTCHRS(1

42)"{CYN)BOOM AND BUST" :GOSUB880

170

180

CB XE

190 200

PRINT"lWHT)l8 DOWN) 113 RIGHTjPRESS {RVSH [OFF) FOR 1 PLAVER" PRINT"(DOWN IU0 RIGHT)P RESS {RVS}2[OFF) FOR 2 {SPACElPLAYERS "; GETKS:IFKS=""THEN190 IFKSO"1"ANDK$O"2"THEN 190

340 350

PRINTKS; :DSU) = "PHRASE" :DS(2)-"THING":DS (3)-"O CCUPAT ION" 22B PS (0)="[RVS|{RED} PLAYE R 1 fOFF)":PS(l)="tRVS)

(YEL)

$="{11

230

PLAYER 2

SPACES}"

{YEL}

BONUS

{OFF}"

240

250

360

TM-125:POKE844.P

370 380

GOSUB1170 FR=FRE{0):POKE845,l

390

WR=0:IFPEEK{197)=4THENP

OKEB4 5,0:GOSUB660:IFWR=

POKE845,0:POKE53269,PEE

CQ MR

260 270

K(532G9)ORl Q=S OS=LEFTS(AS(T1),1):AS=R IGHTS(AS(Tl),LEN(AS(Tl)

280

D=VAL{DS):DS=DS(D):SC(0

290

400

IFWR=1THENPOKE53269,PEE

410

K(532S9)OR1:GOTO350 TM-TM-1:IFTM<10THENGOSU

420

B970 IFTM<1ANDPEEK(833)O2AN

DPEEK(857)=QTHENPOKE84 5 ,0:D=3 0:GOSUB840:GOTO35 0 BG

430

IFPEEK(845)"1THEN390

440

TM-100:FORN"1TO500:NEXT

763 770

GOTO6S3 IFGSOASTHEN810

7B0 WR=2:SF(P)=SF(P)+SC|P)+

790

800

500+SC(l)-K:SC(l)-0 POKE781,23:SS!S59903:PRI NT"RIGHT1";:POKE53269,P

450

EEK (53269)OR1:GOSUB610 GOSUB1110:GOSUB883:RETU RN IFK=1THENSC(1)=0 POKE7B1,23:SYS5990 3:PRI NT"WRONG I";:D-50:GOSUBB

MD 813 KA B20

FR BS

B30

40:POKE781,23:SYS59903 WR-1:GOSUB610:RETURN

B40

POKESID+4,17:FORW-DT05

(SPACE)STEP-1:POKESID+1 ,W:FORN-1TOD:NEXT:NEXT:

POKESID+4,16

Q=PEEK(B57):R"PEEK[B37)

IFK"1THENSC(1)=SC{1)-10

850

:IFSC(1)<0THENSC(1)»0

:S"PEEK(83B)/2:L-94-{R* 6)-(6-S)

BE 460

IN=0:IFL>90THENL=L-56:I N»64

SM 470 M=0:FORN-1TOLEH(AS) PS 480 IFMIDS(AS.N,1)OCHRS(L) DA

490

THEN570 RG=RG+1:M"1:POKE54283,3 3:POKE1703+N+F,L-64+IN: POKE55975+N+F.7

500 A1$»LEFTS(A1S,N-1)+" "+

RA 860 CA B7 0 QA 8B0

GOSUB610:RETURN REM

POKES ID+ 5,15:POKES ID+6, 252:POKESID+12,15:POKES

ID+13,252:WF=64 FORL-1TO30:N=INT(RND(0)

B90

900

IFN-9THENFORW=1TO60:NEX

OK 910

T:GOTO950 POKESID,FL(N):POKESIO+l

920

POKESID+7,FL[N)+13:POKE

930

•6)+3

HIDS(A1S,N+1,LEN(A1S)): POKE54283.32

510

520 MA=1:FM=0:FORN1=1TOLEN(

,FH (N):POKE53248,FL(N)

SC(P)=SC(P)+10:GOSUB610

SID + 8,FH (N) lFWF=64THENPOKESID+3,7:

POKESIDt2,150:POKESID+1 0,7:POKESID+9,150

AS):MS=MIDS(A1S,N1,1):I

530

FMS=" "THEN550 IFFM«0THENM1S-MS:FM=1

540

IFMS<>M1STHENMA=0

550

560

960

REM

970

Pt>KESID+6,242:POKESID + l

MS SD

600 610

REM FORC=0TO1:SCS(C)=STRS(S

C(C) ) :SCS(C)-SCS (O+LEF TSIES,7-LEN(SCS(C) )) : NE

XT FORC=0TO1:SCS(C)=STRS(S C(O) :SCS(C)=SCS(C)+LEF TS(ES,7-LEN(SCS(C))) : NE

630

11,17:FORW=1TO80:NEXT:P

OKESID»4,WF:POKESID+11, 16 950

NEXT IFM=1THEN380 D-20:GOSUB840:GOTO350

POKESID+4,WF+1:POKESID+

573 580 590

620

940

IFLEN(A?)-RG-SP=1ORMA=1

AF KQ CE

THENGOSUB660:GOTO1010

PRINT"IGRN)";:POKE214,2

NEXT:POKE5324B,28:RETUR N

,80:POKESID+4,17:POKESI

D+4,16 BQ

9B0

FORN-1TOTM+80:NEXTN:POK

990

POKESID+4,16:FORN=1TOTM

1000

REM

1010

IFWR=2THENNEXTT1:GOTO1

1020

040 IFK"0THENP=ABS(P-1):GO

EStD+l,6fl:POKESID+4,17 +50:NEXTN:RETURN

SUB1170:GOSUB660!IFWR=

1:PRINT:poke 211,1:PRINT

"S"SCS(0)TAB(31)"S"SCS(

l);

640

650

REK

660

POKE 53269,PEEK(53269)AN D2 54:POKE19B,0:POKE214, 22:PRINT:POKE211,0:W=0:

1033

1040

POKE53269,1

1050

IFSF(0)>SF[1)THENPS=PS

1060

(0) IFSF(0)<SF[1)THENPS=P$ (1)

1070

GS-"»

670

PRINT"ICYN]GUESS?

";:FO

{WHTlte}";:NEXT:PRINT"

RIGHT)";

>-D

6 90

Gl-ASC(GIS):IFG1=13THEN

)=0:SC(1)=0:RG=0 IFK=1THENSC(1)=130

700

773

IFG1 = 20ANDG$O""THENGS-

LEFTS (GS,LEK(GS)-1) :FL1

IFSF(0)*SF(1)THENPRINT

SPC(15);1PRINT" (3 DOWN){PUR)TIE GAME!

RN=1TOLEN(AS):PRINT" {UP)":PRINT"(7

2THENNEXTT1:GOTO 104 0 PRINT:PRINTAS:FORN-1TO

1500:NEXT:NEXTT1

RETURN

GETG1S:IFG1S=""THEN 680

Seplember 19B8

PG XP

:GOSUB840:GOTO350

680

COMPU TE! s Gazelle

IFLEN(GS)<33THENPRINTG1

N:IFPEEK{B57)-OTHEND=2 0

300 F=!40-LEN(AS))/2

IFFL-1AND(LEN(GS)>LEN(A

S)-1)THENPRINTG1S;

2THENNEXTT1:GOTO 104 0 CJ

FORT1=0TOT:FORSD=0TO5:P OKE52580+SD*2,SD(SD):NE XT

S))THENPRINT"{LEFT){@> (LEFT)";

8l:G$=G$+G1S

tOFF)":E

IFK$-"1"THENK-1:P=0:P$( I)="t2 SPACES}IRVS)

NEXT IFK-0THENP"ABS(P-1)

QQ AA

210

FG PD

RES

KE525 80+SD*2,SD(SD):NEXT QQ

330

COMPU INC.

IFFL=1AND(LEN(GS)<LEN(A

5UB1110

1":GOTO1100

1080

PRINT:PRINT"(5 DOWN} (2 UPK3 RIGHT){PUR)CO NGRATULATIONS TO "PS

1390 PRINT:PRINT"U OOM

AND

RIGHT)B

BUST CHAMPION!

1100

1110 FORC=0TOliSFS(C)=STR$(

1120

113B

1140

1150

GOSUBB80:GOTO130

AD D0 B0 8D 6B

39 08 31

E9 D4 43

02 03

9A 66

41E0: B5

41E8: FD C9

3F48 :80

3F50 :59

3F5B ;FD

C6 C0

59 03

7B 32 03

420S: AC

3F68 :55 3F70 :A1 3F78 50 3F80 00 3F88 00

54 65 15

51 00 45

4210: D0

00 0B

28 00

51 55 3C Fl 45 00 10 18

49 98 33 03 49

41F0: A9 41F8: A9 4200: 43

3F60 :00

26 30 EF 55 0A

421B: :8D 4220 :C9 4228::3C 4230: ■6B

15 03 26 03 A8

3F90

4238-:EA

06 F6 31 D8 00 51

3F98 3FA0

05 00

80 00

00 07

3FAB

CA CA

3FB0

4240::DC 4248::00 4250 :B0

7E IF FE

00 FF 7F

3A AD

03 F0

4D 02

3FC8

4260 iAD 4268:.C9

3FC0

00 FF

3FB8

IB 01

4253: :4A

4270: D4

3FD8 :FF 3FE0 :FF

12 D4

DATA28,49,31,165,33,13

4290:iA9

15 FB D4

09 F8 02

07 9D

DC BF

3FF0

4000

FF EF

0,60,25,33 DATA"1A STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE" DATA"1VIOL£TS ARE BLUE

01 20

4298::41 42A0: 18

3FF8 :40

7F 45 E9

AD A9 19

5,37,62,42,62,44,193,5

F0 3C FF

D4 D0

33 04

0B 15

21 02

3FE8 :FF

4278::D4 4290: 8D 4288: 8D

43 A9

42A3:-01

8D CA

42BB: 00

4020

C0 8D

02 C4 C0

BD A9 05

99 69

4 2B0: D0

4010 4019

8C C0

F0 16

01 90

4008

4 2C0. :F0

SF(C>):SFS(C)=SFS(C)+L EFTS{E$,7-LEN(SFS(C))) iNEXT PRINT"iRED)":GOSUB610: POKE214,19:PRINT:POKE2

11,1

IFK=0THENPRINT"lREDJ$"

SFS (0)SPC(22) "{YEL)$"S

FSU)

IFK=lTHENPRINT"lRED)S"

SFS(0) PRINTPS (0)SPC|19)PS(1)

:GOSUB610:A1S-AS

BS JP

1190

RETURN POKE53280,9-P*2:POKE21

"DSiRETURN

DATA 153,154,163,164,1 65,166

1210

1220

1230

1240

DATA"1LOVE CONQUERS AL L" DATA"1WHERE IS THE FIR

1250

E" DATA"1ET CALL

GF CJ

1260 DATA"1ALONG CAME A SPI DER" 1270 DATA"3POLICE OFFICER"

1280

DATA"1PLEASE

1290

DATA"1LITTLE

HOME"

KEEP OFF

(SPACE)THE GRASS" G

RED

RIDIN

HOOD"

MX JX XQ

1300 DATA"1THE RIGHT STUFF" 1310 DATA"1A PENNY FOR YOUR THOUGHTS" 1320 DATA"3SCHOOL TEACHER" 1330 DATA"3TAXI DRIVER" 1340 DATA"2BO0K MARKER"

1350

1360 DATA"2SHOPPING CART"

JR AA

1370 13B0

DATA"2CAR" DATA"2A GLASS OF MILK" DATA"3COMPUTER PROGRAM

QF DR SC

MER" 1390 DATA"3CO0K" 1400 DATA"3NURSE" 1410 DATA"3INVENTOR"

1420

DATA"1SILENCE

GOLDE

N" PD

1430

AND

SPICE"

1440 DATA"1THE THREE

LITTLE

1450 1460

4,11:PRINT:POKE 211,10:

CS EP

85 27 4 2 85 C3

C0 02

PRINTPS(P)" 1180 REM

JP RB

4C 00

0C 28

1160 1170

1200

C2 AA 00 A0

DJ AQ

F0 03 85 FD A9 95 FB 8E 29 39 42

3F38 :8C 3F40 :A0

DATA"1SUGAR PIGS" DATA"END" END

03 E0

4028 :FC

4030 :07

4038 :8D 4040 :A0

26 00

D0 A9

A9 00

01 99

8D 00

4048 ;C0

4050 :D0 4058 :28 4060 : 35 4068 ;D4

3D D0 80

28 D0 A0 C8 C0 09 05 D4 A9

4070 ;8D

A9 00

18 D4

4078 :A9 4090 :18

0B D4

8D A0

4088 :CD

4090 :D0

4098 :B4 40A0 :03

BD A9

40A8 :8D

4 0B0 :A9 4 0B8 :49

40C0 :33 40C8 ;A9 40D0 :1A

38 before typing in. 00

40 A5

01 C0

42D8: SA

25 D4

D0 CB

17 85

F0 01

28 AD C0 AD

42E0 :AD 41 42E9: 01 C0

SD 9D

AD AD

9B 29

AD 00

B5 74

D4 A9 BD 0C A 9 0C IB 99

C0 C0 C0

6C 03

8D A9

3F C3

03 8D

A9 47

48 03 8D

15 E0 67

4368: AD 4 3 70'. AD

4378: AD

40D8 :3C

4380: AD 4388: AD

40E0 :11 40E8 : 41

40F8 ;A9

D2 FF 59 03

4398: BC

20 8C

5D 11

4 3 90: 60

40F0 1A9

FB C3

4100 :58

43A8: C0

4110 :A7

02 AE 9D

10 A7 51

19 D0 CD 42 CE 31 8D A7 59

8D 30 04

43A0: 99

4108 iC9

19 00 03 AC 05 A9

81 F7 01 Cl 4D BE

43C0: 8D

4E FD D0

43B0; 03 43B8: D0 43C8: 8D

43D0: 8D 43D8: 8D 43E0: 4A 43EH: AC

4E 17 15 A3 43

03 D0 D0 A9 03

07 A9 D0 A9 03 A9

43F0: 00

43F8: C0 4400; AD

B5 0E

FD A9 DC 29

440B: A5

4410: Bl

FD 91 FB C8 A5 FB 18 69 FC 69 00 85 E4 A9 0D 85 FC A9 00 85

4119 :02

4140 10 4148 :A9

4150 ■BD

03 99

D0 4C 03 00

FB C9

4160 :FE F0 4168 90 06 4170 BD 47

00 C9 28 90

0A 84

4158

00 iC

00 C3 00 00

3EE0:00

3EE8:AA

BC C2

3EF0:CA

3EF8:8C 3F00:2A 3F0S:A0 3F10:A5

C2 5A 25 00

AA 0C C0 80 A9 56 55 80 26 3D 57 F0

00 A0 59 3F

0C A6 00 EF

FF A0 59 B0 05 6E F0 D3

41A0 :B9 41A8 LB

41B0

41BB :43

3F18:03

3F20:00

02 AA

41C0 41C8

3F28:AA

3F30:CA

AC CA

BD 06 7A Bl

3ED0:10 3EDB:00

00 03

0D D4

00 D9 AB 11

24 00

00 00

03 A9 AA 18 69 83 D0 0C E9 4D 43 27 C0 8D D0 D0 08 E8 56 41 AS AD 41 75

00 B0

42D0::A0

D0 8D A9

42C8: 8D

3ECB:00

20 D0

3EC0:00

00 C0

03 12

4128 :01 4130 :20 4138 :03

See instructions in article on page

A9 Cl

4120

Program 2: Boom and Bust ML

3FD0 :FF

4178

42F0: 05 42F8: 02

49 49

02 02

4300: 03

430B: 04 4310: 41

02 03 04

9D FB 07 AD 15 00

A9 29

F9 BA

03 C9 4318: D0 80 02 4320: IE DO 03 4329: 9D 12 D4 4330: 6 0

433B: 8D 4340: 8D

0B 15

D4 D0 A9 80 8D 4348: A9 01 BD 41 03 A3 4350: 03 D0 AD 00 D0 BD 4358: AD 01 C0 29 03 C9 4360: 07 C9 02 F0 03 4C

4419: F7 4420: A5

B0 0A

3E B0

4180

07 C9

00 29

4188

4190

4198

01 C0 01 C0

9B 07

4A AC

4458: FC 446B: 85

03 F9

03 88

44 88

41D0

41D8

85 C3

4428: D0

4430: 85 4438: 85 4440: 00 444B: FB 4450: 18

43 D9

BD 8D

03 CO 58 04 C0 A2 FD

96 58 0C B3 00 FD

FC 54

8D 0E 01 A0

20 D0

ET 38

30 65

73 02

08 65

19 FE

65 95

FD FE

64 91

A9 00

4468: EE

4470: D0 447B: AD

CB C9 04 85 80 0E

4480: 58

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■

How To Type In COMPUTE's Gazette Programs Each month, COMPUTED Gazette

Special Characters

publishes programs for the Com modore 128, 64, Plus/4, and 16.

Most of the programs listed in each

Each program is clearly marked by

ters. To facilitate typing in any pro

This can be entered on the Commo dore 64 by pressing the CTRL key while typing the letter in braces. For example, {A} means to press

title and version. Be sure to type in

grams from the GAZETTE, use the

CTRL-A.

the correct version for your ma chine. AH 64 programs run on the 128 in 64 mode. Be sure to read the instructions in the corresponding article. This can save time and elim inate any questions which might

following listing conventions. The most common type of con

arise after you begin typing,

We frequently publish two programs designed to make typing

easier: The Automatic Proofreader, and MLX, designed for entering machine language programs.

When entering a BASIC pro gram, be especially careful with DATA statements as they are ex

issue contain special control charac

trol characters in our listings appear

as words within braces: {DOWN} means to press the cursor down key; {5 SPACES} means to press the space bar five times. To indicate that a key should

be shifted (hold down the SHIFT

screen, but that's to be expected. If

(for example, {8 A}), type the key

recourse is to turn your computer

If a key is enclosed in special

off then on, erasing what was in memory. So be sure to save a pro gram before you run it. If your com puter crashes, you can always reload the program and look for the

brackets, |c §, hold down the Commodore key (at the lower left

{CUM

SHIFT | [ CLRIHOME : CLR'HOME

! HOME |

{UP)

SHIFT

, I CRSR

[ DOWN) {LEFT}

I CRSR |

shift] |«— crsr—I

{RIGHT]

I*— CRSR—.j

See:

such as {LEFT}, and {HOME} in

cursor control is the quote mode.

see strange characters on your

as many times as indicated (in our example, enter eight SHIFTed A's).

Press:

control. This is seen in examples

ample, A means hold down the SHIFT key and press A. You may

can cause your machine to "lock up" (you'll have no control over the computer). If this happens, the only

When You Read:

to move the cursor under program

the program listings. The only way the computer can tell the difference

typed number in a DATA statement

error.

Although you can move the cursor around the screen with the CRSR keys, often a programmer will want

the character is underlined. For ex

key while pressing another key),

you find a number followed by an underlined key enclosed in braces

tremely sensitive to errors. A mis

The Quote Mode

corner of the keyboard) and press the indicated character.

Rarely, you'll see a single letter of the alphabet enclosed in braces. When You Read:

Press:

between direct and programmed Once you press the quote key,

you're in quote mode. This mode can be confusing if you mistype a

character and cursor left to change it. You'll see a reverse video charac ter (a graphics symbol for cursor left). In this case, you can use the DELete key to back up and edit the line. Type another quote and you're

out of quote mode. If things really get confusing, you can exit quote

mode simply by pressing RETURN.

Then just cursor up to the mistyped line and fix it.

{PUR) {CRN] (DLU)

IYEL1

For Commodore 64 Only

! Fi )

[commodore] [ i~j

! F2 }

[commodore1 T XOMMODORE

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COMPUTE'S Gazelle

)

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The Automatic Proofreader substitutes the full keyword for the ab breviation and allows the Proofreader

Philip I. Nelson "The Automatic Proofreader" helps you type in program listings for the 128, 64, Plus/4, and 16 and prevents

nearly every kind of typing mistake. Type in the Proofreader exactly as listed. Since the program can't check it self, type carefully to avoid mistakes. Don't omit any lines, even if they con tain unfamiliar commands. After finish ing, save a copy or two on disk or tape

before running it. This is important be cause the Proofreader erases the BASIC portion of itself when you run it, leav ing only the machine language portion in memory.

Next, type RUN and press RE TURN. After announcing which com

puter it's running on, the Proofreader displays the message "Proofreader Active". Now you're ready to type in a BASIC program. Every time you finish typing a line

and press RETURN, the Proofreader displays a two-letter checksum in the up per-left comer of the screen. Com

pare this result with the two-letter checksum printed to the left of the line in the program listing. If the letters match, it's almost certain the line was typed correctly. If the letters don't

to work properly, The same technique works for recheeking programs you've already typed in. If you're using the Proofreader on

the Commodore 128, Plus/4, or 16, do not perform any GRAPHIC commands while the Proofreader is active. When you perform a command like GRAPH IC 1, the computer moves everything at the start of BASIC program space—in cluding the Proofreader—to another to crash. The same thing happens if you run any program with a GRAPHIC command while the Proofreader is in memory.

Though the Proofreader doesn't interfere with other BASIC operations, it's a good idea to disable it before run ning another program. However, the Proofreader is purposely difficult to dis lodge: It's not affected by tape or disk

operations, or by pressing RUN/ disable it is to tum the computer off then on. A gentler method is io SYS to the computer's built-in reset routine

(SYS 65341 for the 128, 64738 for the 64, and 65526 for the Plus/4 and 16).

rect the line. The Proofreader ignores spaces not

gram you're typing in before entering the SYS command.

enclosed in quotes, so you can omit or

If you own a Commodore 64, you may already have wondered whether the Proofreader works with other pro

gramming utilities like "MetaBASIC."

ways significant, the Proofreader pays

The answer is generally yes, if you're

attention to them. For example, 10 PRINT'THIS IS BASIC" will generate

using a 64 and activate the Proofreader

a different checksum than 10 PRINT'THIS ISBA SIC". A common typing error is transpo sition—typing two successive charac

ample, first load and activate Meta

ters in the wrong order, like PIRNT instead of PRINT or 64378 instead of

another utility, you shouid disable both

64738. The Proofreader is sensitive to

the position of each character within the line and thus catches transposition errors.

The Proofreader does not accept keyword abbreviations {for example, ? instead of PRINT). If you prefer to use

abbreviations, you can still check the line by LISTing it after typing it in, moving the cursor back to the line, and

pressing RETURN. LISTing the line 92

COMPUTErs Gazette

September 1988

after installing the Other utility. For ex BASIC, then load and run the Proofreader. When using the Proofreader with programs before running a BASIC pro gram. While the Proofreader seems un affected by most utilities, there's no

way to promise that it will work with any and every combination of utilities you might want to use. The more utili ties activated, the more fragile the sys tem becomes.

The New Automatic Proofreader 10

VEC=PE1£K(772)+2S6*PEEK(773) :LO=43:HI=44

"AUTOMATIC PROOFREADE ";:IF VEC=>42364 THEN

[SPACEjPRINT "C-64" IF VEO50556 THEN PRINT "VI C-20" IF VEC=35158 THEN GRAPHIC C LRsPRINT "PLUS/4 & 16"

40 50

VEO17165

THEN

LO=4S:HI =

46:GRAPHIC CLR:PRINT"128" 60

SA=(PEEK(LO)+256*PEEK(HI))+ 6:ADR=SA

FOR J=0 E

166.-READ

BYTtFOK

ADR,BYT:ADR=ADR+1:CHK=CHK

+BYT:NEXT

80 IF CHKO20570 THEN PRINT ERROR*

CHECK

TYPING

"•

DATA

STATEMENTS"!END 90

FOR

J=l

5iREAD

RF,LF,HF:

RS=SA+RF:l!B=INT(RS/256):LB= RS-(256*HB) 100

CHK<=CHK+RF+LF+HF;POKE F,I,B:POKE

110

SA+L

SA+i!F, HB :NEXT

IF CHKO22054 •ERROR* RELOAD

THEN PRINT " PROGRAM AND

(SPACE)CHECK FINAL LINE":EN

120

POKE

130

SA+150,PEEK<773) IF VEC=17165 THEN

SA+149,PEEK(772):POKE

14,22:POKE

STOP- RESTORE. The simplest way to

match, check for your mistake and cor

since spaces inside quotes are almost al

PRINT R FOR

memory area, causing the Proofreader

These reset routines erase any program in memory, so be sure to save the pro

add spaces between keywords and still see a matching checksum. However,

POKE SA+

SA+18,23;POKESA+

29,2 24 jPOKESA+139,224 148

a(RS(147);CHRS(17);"

PROOFREADER ACTIVE":SYS

150 POKE HI,PEEK(HI}+1:POKE (P EEK(LO)+256"PEEK(HI))-1,0:N EW 160

DATA

120,169,73,141,4,3,16

9,3,141,5,3 170

DATA

68,96,165,20,133,167,

165,21,133,168,169 180

DATA

0,141,0,255,162,31,18

1,199,157,227,3

190

DATA

202,16,248,169,19,32,

210,255,169,IB,32 200

DATA

210,255,160,0,132,190

,132,176,136,230,180 210 DATA 200,185,0,2,240,46,20 1,34,208,8,72 220 DATA 165,176,73,255,133,17 6,104,72,201,32,208 230 DATA 7,165,176,208,3,104,2 08,226,104,166,180

240 DATA

24,165,167,121,0,2,13

3,167,165,16B,105 250 DATA 0,133,16R,202,208,239 ,240,202,165,167,69 260 DATA 169,72,41,15,168,185, 211,3,32,210,255

270

DATA

104,74,74,74,74,168,1

85,211,3,32,210

280

DATA

255,162,31,189,227,3,

149,199,202,16,248

290 DATA

169,146,32,210,255,76

,86,137,65,66,67

300 DATA 68,69,70,71,72,74,75, 77,80,81,82,83,88 310 DATA 13,2,7,167,31,32,151, 116,117,151,128,129,167,136 ,137

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Machine Language Entry Program

For Commodore 64

Ottis Cowper t "MIX" is a labor-saving utility that

a checksum. Although an MLX-format

allows almost fail-safe entry of Com modore 64 machine language programs.

listing appears similar to the "hex

dump" listings from a machine lan

Type in and save some copies of MLX— you'll want to use it to enter future ML

checksum number on the end allows

programs from COMPUTED GAZETTE.

guage monitor program, the extra MLX to check your typing.

When you enter a line, MLX recal

When you're ready to enter an ML pro

culates the checksum from the eight

gram, load and run MLX. It asks you for a

bytes and the address and compares

starting address and an ending address. These addresses appear in the article ac companying the MLX-format program

this value to the number from the ninth column. If the values match, you'll hear a bell tone, the data will be added to the

listing you're typing.

If you're unfamiliar with machine language, the addresses (and all other values you enter in MLX) may appear

strange, Instead of the usual decimal numbers you're accustomed to, these

workspace area, and the prompt for the next line of data will appear. But if MLX detects a typing error, you'll hear a low buzz and see an error message. The line will then be redisplayed for editing.

numbers are in hexadecimal—a base 16 numbering system commonly used by

Invalid Characters Banned

ML programmers. Hexadecimal—hex

entering data, so you may have to un

for short—includes the numerals 0-9 and the letters A-F, But don't worry—

even If you know nothing about ML or hex, you should have no trouble using MLX.

After you enter the starting and

ending addresses, you'll be offered the option of clearing the workspace, Choose this option if you're starting to enter a new listing. If you're continuing a listing that's partially typed from a pre vious session, don't choose this option.

A functions menu will appear. The first option in the menu is ENTER DATA. If you're just starting to type in

a program, pick this. Press the E key, and type the first number in the first

line of the program listing. If you've al

ready typed in part of a program, type the line number where you left off typ

Only a few keys are active while you're

learn some habits. You do not type spaces between the columns; MLX

automatically inserts these for you. You do not press RETURN after typing the last number in a line; MLX automatical ly enters and checks the line after you type the last digit. Only the numerals 0-9 and the let ters A-F can be typed in. If you press any other key (with some exceptions noted below), you'll hear a warning

buzz. To simplify typing, the numeric keypad modification from the March 1986 "Bug-Swatter" column is now in corporated in the listing. The keypad is

active only while entering data. Ad dresses must be entered with the nor mal letter and number keys. The figure below shows the keypad configuration:

ing at the end of the previous session

(be sure to load the partially completed program before you resume entry). In

any case, make sure the address you en ter corresponds to the address of a line in the listing you are entering. Other

wise, you'll be unable to enter the data correctly. If you pressed E by mistake, you can return to the command menu by pressing RETURN alone when asked for the address. (You can get back to the menu from most options by pressing RETURN with no other input.)

Entering A Listing Once you're in Enter mode, MLX prints

the address for each program line for you. You then type in all nine numbers on that line, beginning with the first two-digit number after the colon (:).

Each line represents eight data bytes and 94

COMPU TE> s Gazette

September 198B

checksum formula used, MLX won't

notice if you accidentally type FF in place of 00, and vice versa. And there's a very slim chance that you could gar

ble a line and still end up with a combi nation of characters that adds up to the proper checksum. However, these mis

takes should not occur if you take rea sonable care while entering data.

Editing Features To correct typing mistakes before fin ishing a line, use the INST/DEL key to

delete the character to the left of the cursor. (The curs or-left key also de letes.) If you mess up a line really badly, press CLR/HOME to start the line over. The RETURN key is also active, but only before any data is typed on a line. Pressing RETURN at this point returns

you to the command menu. After you

type a character of data, MLX disables

RETURN until the cursor returns to the start of a line. Remember, you can press

CLR/HOME to quickly get to a line number prompt. More editing features are available when correcting lines In which MLX has detected an error. To make correc

tions in a line that MLX has redisplayed for editing, compare the line on the screen with the one printed in the list ing, then move the cursor to the mis take and type the correct key, The cursor left and right keys provide the

normal cursor controls. (The INST/ DEL key now works as an alternative cursor-left key.) You cannot move left beyond the first character in the line, If you try to move beyond the rightmost character, you'll reenter the line. Dur ing editing, RETURN is active; pressing

it tells MLX to recheck the line. You can

press the CLR/HOME key to clear the

entire line if you want to start from scratch, or if you want to get to a line

number prompt to use RETURN to get

back to the menu.

Display Data C

0 Space

MLX checks for transposed charac

ters. If you're supposed to type in A0 and instead enter 0A, MLX will catch your mistake. There is one error that can slip past MLX: Because of the

The second menu choice, DISPLAY DATA, examines memory and shows

the contents in the same format as the

program listing (including the check sum). When you press D, MLX asks you

for a starting address. Be sure that the

starting address you give corresponds to a line number in the listing. Other wise, the checksum display will be meaningless. MLX displays program

lines until it reaches the end of the pro gram, at which point the menu is redis-

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played. You can pause the display by pressing the space bar. (MLX finishes printing the current line before halting.) Press space again to restart the display.

To break out of the display and get back to the menu before the ending address

program without turning off the com puter. (Of course, RUN/STOP-RE STORE also gets you out.) You'll be asked for verification; press Y to exit to

BASIC, or any other key to return to the RUN again and reenter MLX without losing your data, as long as you don't

Other Menu Options

use the clear workspace option.

When you've finished typing all the data for an ML program and saved your work, you're ready to see the results. The instructions for loading and using the finished product vary from program

LOAD "filename",8 for disk or LOAD

prefix 0: is automatically added to the filename (line 750), so this should not be included when entering the name.

This also precludes the use of @ for Save-with-Replace, so remember to give each version you save a different name.

Remember that MLX saves the en tire workspace area from the starting address to the ending address, so the save or load may take longer than you might expect if you've entered only a small amount of data from a long list

ing. When saving a partially completed

programs, so all you need to type is

LOAD "filename",8,1 for disk or LOAD "filename".hi for tape, and then start ed with a SYS to a particular memory address. On the Commodore 64, the most common starting address for such programs is 49152, which corresponds

to MLX address COOO. In either case, you should always refer to the article which accompanies the ML listing for information on loading and running the

By the time you finish typing in the data

MLX reports the standard disk or

several hours invested in the project. Don't take chances—use our "Auto

tape error messages if any problems are detected during the save or load. (Tape

matic Proofreader" to type the new MLX, and then test your copy thorough

which means the file you're trying to load does not have the starting address

you specified when you ran MLX; LOAD ENDED AT address, which means the file you're trying to load ends before the ending address you specified when you started MLX; and TRUNCATED AT ENDING AD

DRESS, which means the file you're trying to load extends beyond the end ing address you specified when you started MLX. If you see one of these messages and feel certain that you've

ly before first using it to enter any sig

nificant amount of data. Make sure all the menu options work as they should. Enter fragments of the program starting

data has been entered correctly. And be sure to test the Save and Load options several times to insure that you can re call your work from disk or tape. Don't let a simple typing error in the new MLX cost you several nights of hard

MLX, being careful to enter the correct starting and ending addresses. The QUIT menu option has the ob vious effect—it stops MLX and enters BASIC. The RUN/STOP key is dis

abled, so the Q option lets you exit the 96

COMPUTE'S Gazette

September 1988

REH

VERSION

30,950 85-487 100

DM 110

170

POKE

1.1 i

LINES

MODIFIED,

LIKES

CHINE LANGUAGE {3 DOWNj"

EDITOR

PRINT"{BLK)STARTING ADD HESSg4[J"jiGOSUB300iSA=A

DiGOSUB1040!lF

THEN1S

190

PRINT"(BLKl(2 SPACES 3 EN

DING ADDRESSg4i"fiGOSUB 300iEA=AD:GOSUB1030iIF

200

{SPACEJF THEN190 INPUT"i3 DOWNJlBLKjCLEA R WORKSPACE [Y/N]g43";A SjIF LEFTS{AS,1)<>"Y"TH EN220

210

PRINT"(2 DOWN)[BLUjWORK ING.-."i:FORI=BS EA-SA+7iPOKE

BS+

1,0!NEXT IP

RINT"DONE" DR

220

230

PRINTTAB(10)"[2 DOWN)

(BLKHRVSJ MLX COMMAND (SPACEJMENU {DOWN)g4l"i PRINT TS"{RVS}E{OFF]NTE DATA"

PRINT TSMRVSjDlOFFllSP LAY DATA":PRINT

TS"

(RVSlL{OFFjOAD FILE"

240

PRINT TS"{RVS}S(OFF)AVE FILE"iPRINT TS"[RVSJQ

[OFF]UITi2 DOWNHBLKJ"

JH 250 GET UK

260

270

280

AS:IF AS=NS

THEN2S0

A=0:FOR 1=1 TO 5:IF AS= HIDS("EDLSQ",I,1)THEN A =IiI-5

NEXTlON A GOTO420,6.10,6 90,700,280:GOSUB1060:GO TO250

PRINT"[RVSj QUIT ":INFU T"[DOWN)E43ARE YOU SURE [Y/N]-;AS:IF LEFTS(AS, 1)<>"Y"THEH220

EM 290 JX 300

POKE

310

BS-INS:GOSUB320iAD-AtBS -MIDS(INS,3)tGOSUB320iA

320

A-0iFOR J=l TO 2:AS=MID S(BS,J,I):B=ASC(AS)-C4+

330

SD+24,0:END

INS=NS:AD=0:INPUTINS:IF

LEN!INS)<>4THENRETU RN

D-AD*256+A:RETURN

340

350

B<0

B>15

THEN

AD-

INS,

I,J,A,B,AS,B$,A(7),NS C4=4a:C6tl6:C7=7:Z2=2:2

FA=PEEK(45)+Z6*PEEK(46) |BS=PEEK(55)+Z6*PEEK(56

NEXT I RETURN

B-INT(A/C6):PRINT MIDS( HS,B+1,1),-!B=A-B*C6!PRI

NT MIDS(HS,B+1,1):iRETU

ADDED S6,50lCLR:DIM

127

120

SPACESHBLUj"

PRINT"{3 DOWN} (3 SPACESJCOMPUTEl'S MA

0iA=-liJ=2

4=254jZ5=255:Z6=256:Z7=

(AS>"9")"C7:A=A*C6+B

MLX For Commodore 64

[RED}JRVSJ

SPACES}"SPC(28)" SPACESHOFFJ[BLU)

(12

work.

loaded the right file, exit and rerun

PRINT TS"

532S0,15:POK

X II (REDHRVS) [2 SPACESi"SPC{28)"

use the Display option to verify that the

).0

53281,15

[2 (2

at several different addresses, and then

RS(fl)iPOKE

for a long ML program, you may have

INCORRECT STARTING ADDRESS,

PRINT"tCLR]"CHRS(142)CH

[2 SPACES!§8 @1

program.

know where to resume entry when you reload.

errors during a save to tape.) MLX also has three special load error messages:

160

ic addresses with a command such as

An Ounce Of Prevention

dore computers are never able to detect

150

er programs must be reloaded to specif

listing, make sure to note the address where you stopped typing so you'll

users should bear in mind that Commo

"filename" for tape, and then RUN.

Such programs will usually have a starting address of 0801 for the 64. Oth

I=SD TO SD

I,0:NEXTiPOKE

[SPACE)SD+24,X5:P0KE 78

to program. Some ML programs are de

and stopping several times during a load or save. Don't panic; this is normal

users should also note that the drive

+23iPOKE

6,52

The Finished Product

signed to be loaded and run like BASIC

writes to the file instead of using the usual LOAD and SAVE commands. Disk

SD-54272iFOR

You'll notice the disk drive starting

behavior. MLX opens and reads from or

RS-CHRS(13):LS=°{LEFT 1" ,SS=" ":DS=CHRS(20):ZS=

CHRS(0):TS^"U3 RIGHT}" CO 140

menu. After quitting, you can type

is reached, press RETURN.

Two more menu selections let you save programs and load them back into the computer. These are SAVE FILE and LOAD FILE; their operation is quite straightforward. When you press S or L, MLX asks you for the filename. You'll then be asked to press either D or T to select disk or tape.

)iHS="01234567S9ABCDEF"

SB 130

360

A=INT(AD/Z6):GOSUB3 50iA =AD-A"Z6:GOSUB350:PRINT

370

CK»INT(AD/Z6):CK=AD-Z4*

3B0 CK-CK"Z2+Z5*(CK>Z7)+A

CK+Z5"(CK>Z7)JGOTO390

JC QS

390 400

PRINT"(DOWN)STARTING AT

g4§"jiGOSUB300jIF INS<> NS

THEN

GOSU81030:IF

410 420

PRINT"[RVSJ

ENTER

DATA

[SPACE}"iGOSUB400iIF IN

JK 430 SK 440

THEN2 20

450

INSsPRINT"

RIGHTJ"!

FOR 1=0 TO 24 STEP 3:BS »SS:FOS J=l TO 2:IF F T

HEN BS=MIDS(INS,I+J,1) 460

PRINT"[RVS)"BSLSr!lF 24THEN PRINT-iOFF]";

470

GET

HD FK 480

A$:IF AS-N?

THEN470

IF(AS>"/"ANDAS<"j")OR(A S>"@"ANDAS<"G")THEN540 485 A=-(AS="M")-2'{A5=",")-

3*(AS-".")-4*(A5="/")-5

•(AS="J")-6«(AS="K") FX 486 A-A-7*(A5="L")-8*{AS="i ")-9*<AS="U")-10*<AS="I ")-ll*tAS-"O")-12*{A5=" P") CM 487 A=A-13*(AS»SS):IF A THE N AS=MIDS("ABCD123E456F 0",A,I)iGOTO 540 HP

490

IF A5=RS AND((I»0)AND(J = 1)OR F)THER PRINT B? J 1

J=2iNEXTtI=24!GOTO550 KC

670

6S0

CM 690

IF AS^'MHOHE?" THEN PRI

500

NT B?:J=2:NEXT:I=24tNEX

PC 700 RX

5.10

520

IF(AS»"fRIGHT)"}ANDF TH

ENPRINT B?LS;:GOTO540 IF AS<>LS AND A$<>DS OR

(U=0)AND(J=1})THEN GOS

710

PR 720

730

530

THEN

HQ 740 HH 750

540

550

PRINT"(EX>WNHKVSJ

BSLS!

priht"EdownHrvsJ

iSPACEJFILE "rOP-0

F"0iPRINT"{DOWNH BLK J

(rvs)t[off Jape or Irvs] D[OFF]ISKi E43";

OPEN ,l,8,8,INS + ",P,W":G OSUB860IIF A THEN220

770

AH«INT(SA/2S6):AL-SA-(A H*256)iPRINT#l,CHRS(AL) !CHR?{AH)( FOR 1=0 HEK800

790

B00

610

NEXT:CLOSE1ICL0SE15 tGOT 0940

GOSUB1060:PRINT"{DOWN} {BLKjERROR DURING SAVE! E4|":GOSUB860:GOTO220 OPEN

820

570

830

>0)+l

860

THEN

GOSUB380:A(I

NEXT:IF A<>CK

THEN

QQ EJ

870 880

890

GOSU

B1060:PRINT"(BLK)[RVSj

END OF

INPUT#15,A,A5iIF A THEN

900

IF(AE»511 AND AD<40960 )OR|AD>49151 AND AD<53

248JTHEN GOSUB1080IF-0 tRETURN

HC 1050

GOSUB1060:PRINT"fRVSj (SPACEjlNVALID ADDRESS

iDOWNJ[BLK)"iF=liRETU

AR 1060

POKE SD+5,31iPOKE SD+6 ,208:POKE SD,240iPOKE

[SPACE }SD+l,4iP0KE SD+-

DX 1070 PF 10B0

4,33 FOR S=l TO 100iNEXTiGO TO1090 POKE SD+5,8:POKE SD+6,

240:POKE SD,0iPOKE SD+

1,90iPOKE

SD+4,17

1.090 FOR S-l TO 100iNEXTiPO KE SD+4,0:POKE SD,0:PO SD+1,0:RETURN

TWO GREAT MUSIC PROGRAMS Tho EUPHONY™ nhe» mualc program pia^ pliwt up To BO mlnulet long wltn tvtry not* thown ainiuiMru'Ouily on lha inuale aiaff and kBybDB'd. Notes chnngt color bi lhay nro pUytd. Play any portion, cnange Instruments, key and lampo lo tuH your UbEb, Select Irom 9 Instrument* or cr*B|a your own wlih tha full

power of Iho Cammoflorc"1 sound chip. Music can ba

programmed la pfay lor hours at a Ums. Eacn program comas

wnh thflocciairned Euphony Music Collection* 1-4,

PRINT"!DOWN](BLU}PRESS;

{RVSjRETURNEOFFj TO

630 GOSUB360;B=BS+AD-SAiFOR

I-BTO B+7iA=PEEK(I):GOS UB350tGOSUB380:PRINT S? t

P0KE163,PEEK(FA+2)iPOKE 187,PEEK(FA+3)JP0KE188, PEEK(FA+4):IFOP»0THEN92 SYS

63466:IF(PEEK(783jA GOSUB1060:PRIN

FILE NOT

"jGOTO690

AD=PEEK(829)+2 56«PEEK(8 30)lIF ADOSA THEN F-l!

EA):AD=A-ADiGOTO930

(jO'^fliLOKG

2)-liF=F-2"(A<EA)-3*(A>

OKE780,3:SYS UB1010ION

63338

GOTO950JSY

GOSUB1080iPRINT"EBLU]*«

950

SAVE COMPLETED **"iG0T 0220 POKE147,0iSYS 63562UF

960

GOSUB1080sPRINT"{BLUJ**

{SPACE)ST>0 THEN970 LOAD

COMPLETED

""iGCT

O220

970

j4r~irj Puu"i.[>jrh!^inrrjri Ch Qtl n 1 l"4iri I d IE14 h 11 f.f Q' >' ul u

Mandril Meailah (wim wq/CH), oJrji pl«c>9 By GibulMy, CDuparln, Alb*r»li, pOpulai pIbcbb, Iiymns and mare. Tnc ai$k Ml plu t manual

EUPHONY version 3D. $39.95 pi^n^ip^D

Our powerful music processor *nr> m.n, j*™ T«fUr« and •«

63591

940

'fiOSUB350iPRINT

$26.95 w.«.„„„„,

4 hours of virtuoso perlormances.iiit.r.ruiijMiim.

JF 9 30 A=BSIB=BS+(EA-SA)+1tGOS

EUPHONY JR,m!1

A-PEEK(831)+256"PEEK(B3

KM 920 A=SA:B=EA+1:GOSUB1010:P

NEXTiPRINT"[RVSj"fiA=CK F=liAD-AD+8:IF AD>EA TH

GOTO970 SC 910

BREAK§4|(D0WN!"

650

1050

RETURN

ESPACEjFOUND

[fiVS)SPACE(OFF) TO PAU

1030 IF AD<SA OR AD>EA THEN

T"(DOWN)[RVS)

F-0iGOTO440

640

GOTO960,970

ND1)THEN

PRINT"[CLRHDOWNj{RVS}

iSPACEjDISPLAY DATA "tG OSUB400IIF IHS=N5 THEN2

75,AHiRETURN

ENTRY »*[BLK)

[2 DOWN}"iGOTO700

THEN F-3

60:PRINT"{RVS}ERRORi

STEP3:BS=

MIDS(INS,I):GOSUB320:IF

SE,

•256)iPOKE174,ALiPOKE1

CLOSE1:CLOSE15IGOSUB10

590 AD=AD+B:IF AD>EA THEN C

620

F«2iAD

-I:I»B

LOSE3iPRINT"[DOWNj1BLU]

FF 1020 AH=INT{B/256)iAL-B-(AH

F=1:GOTO850

hj see GOSUB1080:B=BS+AD-SA:FO R 1=0 TO 7:P0KE B+I,A(I ):NEXT

GO 60S QA CIS

*2S6):POKE193,ALiP0KEl

FOR 1=0 TO BiGETtl.ASiP OKE BS-t-I,ASC(A5+ZSJ i!F(

iIF

••

END

S)+256*ASC(BS+ZS):IF AD

CLOSE1:CLOSE15:ON ABS(F

/3)-A

94, AH

NEXTiIF ST<>64

1=1

ING ADDRESS"iRETURN 1010 AH"INT(A/256)iAL-A-(AH

THEN220

850

ISPACEjERROR: REENTER L INE g43":F=liGOTO440

PRINT"TRUNCATED

GET*1,A$,BS:AD=ASC(AS+Z

840

FOR

1000

.l,8,B,INS + ",P,R"iG

OSUBB60:IF

lOBjAND ST THEN

CL0SE3!

DSiRETURN

TO B:PRINT#I,CH

THEN

AD-SA+ADtGOSUB360iPRINT

R?{PEEK(BS+I));:IF ST T

IN?=NS

PRI NT"INCORRECT STARTIN G ADDRESS {";1GOSUB360I PRINT"}"iRETURN GR 990 PRINT'LOAD ENDED AT "jI

PRINT "D{ DOWN J " .-0PEN1S , B

760

780

PP 980

A$o"D"THEN730

[DOWN!i43"iON F GOSUB9S 0,990,1000:GOTO220

HA 1040

1 SPACE}S$; NEXT I:PRINTtPRINT"[UP)

K25

ASiIF AS»"T"THEN PR

0i"+IN?iIF OP THEN810

A?;:NEXT JiPRINT

[5 RIGHT}";:INPUT#3,INS

560

save

IN?=N5IINPUT"[DOWN JFILE NAMEE43";INS:IF INS-N5 (SPACEJTHEN220

GOTO220

LOAD

ni0P»liG0T0

,15,"10:"!B=EA-SAiIN?="

[SPACE)LS;:I-I-3 OS

ONFGOTO630,660,630

<>SA THEN

AS=LS+SS+LS:PRINT iJ=2-J:IF J

UB1080

INT"T(DOWN]■iGOTO880

UB1060:GOTO470 S3

GET A?:IF A5=R$ THEN GO SUB1080iGOTO220 IF AS=S$ THEN F=F+1iGOS

GET

IRVSJERROR DURING LOADi

""iGOTO220

710

TjP»0iGOTO440 ■■■■:

DATA

ISPACEjDATA

POKE198,0:GOSUB360lIF

THEN

OPEN3,3:PRINT

[UPH5

KC 660

RETURN

5-N?

ND OF

SSPACEJTHEN400 EX

enprintMdownHblu)** e

CK=CK+Z5*(CK>Z5)(RETURN

GOSUB1060:PRINT"{BLK)

i.- »nn fsrdi. rmi-irrHn ■ . :

r'r''

'" r"U ■ i-l mat. T*s ■

s ol moUc (OO*, fkilematk *"«

'. j.| rdi:i

jd'inm i- a-

EUPHONY+ 5w.«E.^n,»Mu..,i....Ml.,,.^. »C COThTiChJou it and 13B c:- --."i1! MIara«ii |TiIp^td UnmtcPjHI,

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COMPUTE!* Gazette

September 1988

TECHNICAL

PROGRAMS

Mwrrae

tlneir Programmer Solves linear program-

Sub/set lo

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X, —13. X?—5J Weal »«J (ml UWJus Special OTnmanJ lor easy ermy nt yurse corstrmu

lnit|l!:il eeameinr In 3 Dimensions

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Ind fiieis«tion at 3 planes. 2 panes, ime ind i Dim. Imd a oiar* inroujn 3 poms, i pomi and i bne. oomt m normal rjwni and ns

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Else ironies: AC DC Circuit Ana It sis Program!

C-ii.Tlm 1 C-41C

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POWERFUL LOW COST CONTROL Data acquisition and control Interfaces. C64 & C128 80-Line Simplified Digital I/O Board. 40 TTL input lines. 40 high current switched output lines. BOM cartridge socket. Order model SS100 Plus, $129. Additional boards S119. Original Ultimate Intertace. Dual 6522 VIA Board Four 8-bit

ports with handshake, timers, IRQ, etc. Expandable. Order Model 64IF22, $169. Additional boards $149.

A/D Conversion Module, 16 channels, 8-blts, requires above. Order Model 64IF/ADC0816. $69.

mfgf TURBO MASTER CPU'" 4.09 MHz Accelerator Cartridge for CB4 • Four limes faster processing speed combined with live times

fasler disk Load and Save.

• Easy-to-use cartridge simply plugs in. • Soflwa/e actually runs four times as fast. Basic, wordprocessor scrolling, other productivity, assemblers, graphics. GEOS, elc. Compatible with most software. • Onboard 65C02 microprocessor, &JK RAM. 32K EPROM. • Introductory price only £179 including shipping in USA. Visa and Mastercard accepted.

SCHNEDLER SYSTEMS

25 Eastwood Road, Dept. G9, P.O. Box 5964 Asheville, NC28813 Information/Telephone Orders (704) 274-4646 Dealer inquires invited

Manuals on above available seperately for examination. Call or write lor detailed brochure.

******

SERIOUS ABOUT PROGRAMMING? Symbol Master Multi-Pass Symbolic Dissembler. Learn to

program like the experts! For both C64 and native C128. "... unmatched by simpler monitor disassemblers... a real gold mine (or the experienced ML programmer," Computer Shopper, April '87, S49.95.

PTD 6S10 Symbolic Debugger. An extremely powerful tool with capabilities far beyond a machine language monitor. For C64, $49.95

MAE64 Assembler. Fully Professional 6502^65002 macro editor assembler $29.95 C64 Source Code Book.

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reconstructed and commented assembly language source

code listing (or Basic and Kernal ROMS. $29.95.

SCHNEDLER SYSTEMS

25Eastwood Rd., Dept.G9, P.O. Box 5964 Asheville, NC 28813 Informationrrelephone Orders (704) 274-4646 All prices include shipping prepaid USA

n Vietnam, an American soldier soon learned that there were no winners fn

of war-torn Southeast Asia. There you will encounter

guerilla fighters, snipers,

this deadly game. To survive

each mission with his morale and sanity intact, and return to base safely, was all he could hope for. This was cap tured in the award-winning film, Platoon. In Data East's Platoon, you will experience the full impact of the film as you lead your platoon into the jungles, villages, bunkers, foxholes, and underground tunnels

booby-trapped trip wires, armed patrols, and napalm

air strikes. You must pick up food, medical supplies, and ammunition along the way.

At times, the odds may seem insurmountable. But don't think about winning -

to survive is enough. mm

FOR COMMODORE 64/128™ AND AMIGA1," ATARI® ST, APPLE II SERIES? AND IBM"

DATA EAST USA, INC.

470 NEEDLES DR., SAN JOSE, CA 95112. (408)286-7074. LICENSED BY

^Tt^

^^^^--^1^B?r.

GAME DESIGN o 1987 OCEAN SOFTWARE LID. PLATOON- TM S o 13K HEMDALE FILM CORP. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COHMODOBt, APPLE. ATAffl.lBtl, AND OCfjWABE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS Or COMMODORE ELECTRONICS LTD , APPLE

COMPUTERS. INC.. ATARI CORP.. IBM COW.. AKDOCEAK SOTTWAflf LTD.. RESPECTIVELY.

FOOTBALL THE WAY IT WAS MEANT TO BE PLAYED. Thirdandten on your own 30 yard line. Forty-three seconds lefl on the dock and you're down by two points. Suddenly ihe end lone seems to be a hundred Tiules away. If you're going to be a hero, now's the time. You call the play:

"Yellow-nineteen! Yellow-nineteen! Hut! Hut!! HUT!!!"The ball is snapped. There's a crunch ol armor on the Itont line and you drop back. You lock for a receiver but the blita is on in a power sweep (torn the left! Roll to the right - you keep dancing, you

look for an opening but your blockers are starting to crumble. Keep

pedalling back.,. you're in trouble now, you're too deep. But wait! You spot an open man down field! You cock back, ready to file, when

suddenly an ugly-looking guard is all over you. Do you ny and throw? Or duck and run!

Football action so real you can almost [eel the pigskin in your

hands. Designed under the watchful eyes of the game's premier quarterback - John Elway - this faithful computer version o( the # 1 arcade winner brings all the strategy and ground pounding excitement of the world's greatest sport right to youi computer screea one or two players! Play big league football the way it was meant to be played... with QUARTERBACK!

Screen Shots taken Irem the IBM version

AT A SOFTWARE STORINIAH YOU

Now Shipping lor: IBM PC and PS'2 and Tandy 1000 ($34.99) In Fall '88 for:

Commodore 64/128 ($29.99) Apple II series ($34.99) Apple IIGS ($34,99)

QUARTERBACK'" is a Trademark o'

HOUSE

Ide Lei anil Corp.. licensed from Tradewest

Melbourne House. 111 West 17th Street, Unit C9, Costa Mesa. CA 92627. Tel. (714) 631-1001