Yellow-White Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Yellow-white butterflies, family Pieridae (including jezebels, orangetips, sulphurs, whites, and alfalfa and cabbage butterflies), total about 1,275 species worldwide, most being Indo-Australian (ca. 515 sp.). Four subfamilies are recognized: Pseudopontiinae (a single African species), Dismorphiinae, Pierinae, and Coliadinae. The family is in the superfamily Papilionoidea (series Papilioniformes), in the section Cossina, subsection Bombycina, of the division Ditrysia. Adults small to large (23–100 mm wingspan); antennae often with weak clubs. Wings mostly triangular or rounded; hindwings usually small and rounded, but sometimes larger than forewings and somewhat pointed (Dismorphiinae); body usually slender but sometimes robust. Maculation usually variously yellow or white, with darker spots or patches of various shape (rarely without markings); rarely hyaline; sometimes very colorful, and many with special UV coloration ve different from what is evident under white light. Pierinae...