Abstract
Rationale
Mania (or manic episodes) is a common symptom of bipolar disorder and is frequently accompanied by hyperactivity and delusions; given the cost and resources available, there is a paucity of evidence for direct comparison of different drugs.
Objectives
We aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations on the efficacy of overall currently used pharmacological treatments for patients with acute bipolar mania.
Method
We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) using a Bayesian network frame. We searched the primary literature databases without language restrictions until Dec 18, 2021, for reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of suspected antimanic drugs used as monotherapy for patients with acute bipolar mania, with the primary outcomes being efficacy (mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD) in the change of mania score).
Results
Eighty-seven studies were included in which 18,724 manic participants (mean age = 34.6 years, with 50.36% males) were allocated at random to one of 25 active medication drug therapies or placebo, resulting in 87 direct comparisons on 192 data points. Tamoxifen (− 22·00 [− 26·00 to − 18·00]) had the best efficacy over the placebo. Meanwhile, risperidone (− 6·60 [− 8·40 to − 4·90]) was substantially more effective than placebo in treating acute mania. Carbamazepine, haloperidol, ziprasidone, cariprazine, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, lithium, paliperidone, asenapine, and divalproex were noticeably more effective than placebo.
Conclusions
Overall, tamoxifen appears to be the most effective of the currently known pharmaceutical therapy available to treat acute mania or manic episodes; however, this conclusion is restricted by the scale of RCTs conducted, and risperidone was found to be the most effective medication among antipsychotics. Carbamazepine, haloperidol, ziprasidone, cariprazine, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, lithium, paliperidone, asenapine, and divalproex were noticeably effective in treating acute mania or manic episodes.
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Y.H and W.H were in charge of data extraction, manuscript drafting, and revision. W.H participated in the analytic procedure, had full access to the original data, and revised the manuscript. D.C., J.X., H.W., L.W, and J.Z. developed the concept formation, study design, and manuscript revision. After revising each phase of the work, W.H was in charge of the final revision. The published version of the manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors.
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Hong, Y., Huang, W., Cao, D. et al. A cumulative Bayesian network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of pharmacotherapies for mania over the last 40 years. Psychopharmacology 239, 3367–3375 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06230-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06230-5