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Formazione reticolare e gruppi cellulari monoaminergici e colinergici

  • Chapter
Il sistema nervoso centrale

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Riassunto

L’area che occupa la porzione centrale del tronco è nota come formazione reticolare. Per gran parte della sua estensione, questa area è occupata da aggregati di cellule sparse, diverse per tipo e dimensioni, e i sistemi di fibre che attraversano questo territorio sono parimenti organizzati in maniera alquanto diffusa. Il termine “formazione reticolare” si riferisce al fatto che i dendriti delle cellule in questa area sono disposti in fasci che insieme formano una struttura a forma di rete [161]. I sistemi di fibre che la attraversano decorrono negli interstizi di questa rete. La formazione reticolare è circondata dai nuclei dei nervi cranici, dai nuclei di proiezione sensoriale e dai lunghi sistemi di fibre ascendenti e discendenti. Per motivi di citoarchitettonica, di chemoarchitettonica e funzionali, la formazione reticolare del bulbo e del ponte è stata divisa in tre zone longitudinali [29] (Figg. 22.1, 22.2):

  1. 1.

    Una zona mediana e paramediana, costituita dai nuclei del rafe. I neuroni serotoninergici dei gruppi B1–B9 di Dahlström e Fuxe [43, 44] sono disposti nei nuclei del rafe e nell’adiacente formazione reticolare.

  2. 2.

    Una zona mediale, che contiene numerose cellule di grandi dimensioni, nota come campo tegmentale mediale.

  3. 3.

    Una zona laterale, una zona ampiamente parvocellulare, nota come campo tegmentale laterale.

La formazione rcticolare. Rapprcsentazione scmischcmatica in proiczione dorsale del tronco encefalico. Sinistra, citoarchitettura; destra, suddivisioni della formazione reticolare (campo tegmentale mediale, grigio chiaro; campo tegmentale latcralc, grigio scuro), i nuclei del rafe (rosso), i gruppi cellulari noradrencrgici A1–A6 (rosso chiaro), i gruppi adrenergici C1 e C2 (rosso media) e i gruppi cellulari colinergici Ch5 e 6 (grigio). AMB, nucleo ambiguo

La formazionc rcticolare. Sezioni schematichc trasverse condotte a livello della parte caudalc (A) e rostrale (B) del bulbo. La parte rostrale del tegmento pontino (C) e del mesencefalo (D), per mostrare la posizione del campo tcgmcntale mediale (grigio chiaro) e il campo tegmentale laterale (grigio scuro), i nuclei del rafe (rosso), i gruppi cellular! noradrenergici A1–A7 (rosso chiaro), i gruppi cellular! adrenergici Cl e S2 (rosso rnedio) e i gruppi cellular! colinergici Ch5 e Ch6 (grigio). A1–A7, gruppi cellulari noradrenergici A1–A7; AMB, nucleo ambiguo; Cl, C2, gruppi cellulari adrenergici C1, C2; Cocl, nuclei cocleari; CUI, nucleo cuneato laterale; CUm, nucleo cuneato mediale; FLM, fascicolo longitudinale mediale; GRAC, nucleo gracile; LRN, nucleo reticolare laterale; MesV, tratto mesencefalico del nervo trigemino; Nucleo subcoer., nucleo subcoeruleus; NRTP, nucleo reticolare del tegmento pontino; PAG, grigio periacqueduttale; Prep, nucleo preposito dell’ipoglosso; Rest.b, corpo restiforme; SOL, nucleo del tratto solitario; V spin, tratto spinale del nervo trigemino; Vest, nuclei vestibolari; VMS, velo midollare superiore; X, nucleo dorsale del vago; XII, nucleo del nervo ipoglosso

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rudolf Nieuwenhuys M.D., PH.D. (Professor emeritus of Neuroanatomy)

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Jan Voogd M.D., PH.D. (Professor emeritus of Anatomy)

  3. Laboratorio di Morfologia delle Reti Neuronali Responsabile Servizio Imaging - Centro Grandi Attrezzature Dipartimento di Medicina Pubblica Clinica e Preventiva, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli

    Michele Papa

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  3. Christiaan van Huijzen F.M.A.A.
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  4. Michele Papa
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Nieuwenhuys, R., Voogd, J., van Huijzen, C., Papa, M. (2010). Formazione reticolare e gruppi cellulari monoaminergici e colinergici. In: Il sistema nervoso centrale. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1140-3_22

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