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“Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History”
Rione X Campitelli in Roma in Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Latium, Rome, Italy — Central Italy (Tyrrhenian Coast)
 

Le case aristocratiche del Palatino / The Aristocratic Houses of the Palatine Hill

 
 
Le case aristocratiche del Palatino / The Aristocratic Houses of the Palatine Hill Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By James Hulse, June 14, 2023
1. Le case aristocratiche del Palatino / The Aristocratic Houses of the Palatine Hill Marker
Inscription.  Quando, nel 42 a.C., Ottaviano venne in possesso per confisca dell'abitazione dell'oratore Ortensio Ortalo, il Palatino doveva presentarsi come un vastissimo quartiere residenziale, pregevole per la sua posizione rilevata e defilata rispetto alla centrale piazza del Foro. La presenza di illustri proprietari ricordati dalle fonti antiche (tra cui Cicerone) aveva progressivamente comportato (per un fenomeno di emulazione sociale) l'acquisizione di tutti i lotti abitativi disponibili, al punto che si ricorse alla realizzazione di ampie domus articolate su più livelli: queste case, incentrate sull'atrio, mostravano ambienti di soggiorno (sale da pranzo o triclinia, e stanze da letto o cubicula) in spazi seminterrati, particolarmente ambiti per l'isolamento termico nella calura estiva. Il sottosuolo del Palatino ha così preservato alcuni settori di queste ricche domus della prima metà del I sec. a.C., mentre i piani superiori sono andati distrutti o trasformati a causa della sovrapposizione dei palazzi imperiali (come nel caso di un'abitazione recentemente rinvenuta al di sotto della Domus Tiberiana, fig. 1, n° 1); la più nota è la c.d. casa
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dei Grifi (fig. 1, n°2 e fig. 2), che deve il nome al soggetto della pregevole decorazione in stucco. In tutte queste case spettava agli arredi pittorici il ruolo di manifestare il prestigio del dominus: attingendo al repertorio dei palazzi ellenistici, ma anche alle tecniche utilizzate per le scenografie teatrali, si realizzarono pitture che riproducevano elementi architettonici reali, disposti su più piani, mentre sul fondo si imitavano pregiati rivestimenti marmorei, in un gioco di rimandi tra schemi di pavimenti e di pareti affrescate. Sono queste le più antiche pitture attribuite al cd. Il stile (uno dei quattro in cui convenzionalmente si suddivide la produzione pittorica romana), elaborato forse proprio per le case aristocratiche del Palatino, e che troverà la più alta espressione nelle case di Augusto e di Livia.

Didascalie
fig. 1 - Distribuzione topografica delle domus aristocratiche conosciute sul Palatino
1. Casa scoperta sotto la Domus Tiberiana
2. Casa del Grifi
3. Casa di Augusto
4. Casa di Livia
5. Aula Isiaca (collocazione topografica originaria)
fig. 2 - Un ambiente della Casa dei Grifi


English:
When Octavian came into possession of the residence of the orator Hortensius Hortalus in 42 BC after its confiscation, the Palatine must have been a vast residential district,
The Aristocratic Houses of the Palatine Hill Marker is the right marker of the two markers image. Click for full size.
Photographed By James Hulse, June 14, 2023
2. The Aristocratic Houses of the Palatine Hill Marker is the right marker of the two markers
prized for its elevated position, set back from the central Forum square. The presence of illustrious owners recorded by the ancient sources (including Cicero) gradually led (due to a phenomenon of social emulation) to the purchase of all the available building plots and thus the need to construct large multi-storey residences. These houses, arranged around an atrium, had residential rooms (dining rooms or triclinia, and bedrooms or cubicula) in the basements, particularly prized because they provided insulation from the summer heat. The subsoil of the Palatine has thus preserved some sectors of these luxurious domus of the first half of the 1st century BC, whilst their upper storeys were destroyed or transformed when the imperial palaces were built on top of them (as is true of a house recently discovered beneath the Domus Tiberiana, fig. 1, n° 1); the best known is the so-called House of the Griffins (fig. 1, n°2 and fig. 2), which takes its name from the subject of its fine stucco decorations). In all these houses, the painted decorations served to express the prestige of the owner, the dominus: drawing on the repertoire of the Hellenistic palaces and on the techniques used for stage sets, these paintings mimicked genuine architectural features, arranged on several storeys, whilst the background imitated valuable marble panelling, creating a play of allusions between the decorative
The view of the markers and the south entrance to the tunnel image. Click for full size.
Photographed By James Hulse, June 14, 2023
3. The view of the markers and the south entrance to the tunnel
schemes of floors and frescoed walls.

These are the most ancient wall paintings belonging to the so-called II style, one of the four into which conventionally the Roman painting production is subdivided. Perhaps developed exactly for the aristocratic dwellings of the Palatine, it will find its highest artistic expression in the houses of August and Livia.

Captions
fig. 1 - Topographic distribution of the aristocratic domus known on the Palatine hill
1. House discovered under the Domus Tiberianal
2. House of the Griffins
3. House of Augustus
4. House of Livia
5. Hall of Isis (original topographic position)
fig. 2 - One room of the House of the Griffins

 
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Anthropology & ArchaeologyArts, Letters, Music. A significant historical year for this entry is 42 BCE.
 
Location. 41° 53.41′ N, 12° 29.217′ E. Marker is in Roma, Lazio (Latium, Rome), in Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale. It is in Rione X Campitelli. Marker is at the intersection of Via Sacra and Via Nova on Via Sacra. The marker is located south of the Arch of Titus in the tunnels under the Palatine Hill. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Roma, Lazio 00186, Italy. Touch for directions.
 
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. I colori dell'abitare / The colours of dwelling (here, next to this marker); I giardini del XIX secolo / The gardens of the 19th century
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(a few steps from this marker); Palatino: Il Giardino dei Farnese / The Palatin Hills: the Farnese Garden (a few steps from this marker); Neronian Cryptoporticus / Criptoportico Neroniano (a few steps from this marker); Giacomo Boni sul Palatino / Giacomo Boni on the Palatine (within shouting distance of this marker); Le Rose del Viridarium / The Roses of the Viridarium (within shouting distance of this marker); Dal collezionismo all'archeologia / From collecting to archaeology (within shouting distance of this marker); Le ragioni dell'archeologia / The development of archaeology (within shouting distance of this marker). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Roma.
 
More about this marker. The marker is located in the Parco Archeologico del Colosseo (Roman Forum Archaeological Park) and it does require an entry fee to visit.
 
Also see . . .  Parco Archeologico del Colosseo. Roma Turismo (Submitted on August 5, 2023, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.) 
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on August 8, 2023. It was originally submitted on August 4, 2023, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas. This page has been viewed 66 times since then and 11 times this year. Photos:   1, 2, 3. submitted on August 6, 2023, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.

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May. 5, 2024