Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Patterns in the Minho and Douro Estuaries (NW Portugal) Based on ADCP Monitoring Data: Part 1-Tidal Sediment Exchanges
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection and Processing
- Current and hydrological water column profile observations at a fixed station, covering a semi-diurnal tidal cycle (both spring and neaps) and complemented with water sampling for suspended sediment assessment;
- Acoustic measurements (currents and backscatter intensity) of two lower estuary transects during the same semi-diurnal spring and neap tidal cycle using acoustic profilers (ADCP);
- Bottom-moored ADCPs providing continuous time series of tides (pressure sensors) and current and acoustic backscatter profiles planned to extend for periods longer than the two week fortnightly tidal cycle (discussed in Part 2).
2.3. Tidal Cycle Water and Sediment Fluxes
3. Results
3.1. Estuarine Sediments
3.2. River Flow Regime
3.3. Minho
3.4. Douro
3.5. Estuary/Inner Shelf Sediment Exchange Patterns
4. Discussion and Final Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Minho | Douro | |
---|---|---|
2005—Spring Tides | Fixed Station Start: 13:00 UTC 19/09/2005 End: 18:00 UTC 20/09/2005 ADCP Transects Start: 06:00 UTC 20/09/2005 End: 18:00 UTC 20/09/2005 | Fixed Station Start: 13:00 UTC 17/09/2005 End: 18:00 UTC 18/09/2005 ADCP Transects Start: 07:00 UTC 18/09/2005 End: 19:00 UTC 18/09/2005 |
2005—Neap Tides | Fixed Station Start: 06:00 UTC 26/09/2005 End: 11:00 UTC 27/09/2005 ADCP Transects Start: 07:00 UTC 26/09/2005 End: 19:00 UTC 26/09/2005 | Fixed Station Start: 05:00 UTC 24/09/2005 End: 09:00 UTC 25/09/2005 ADCP Transects Start: 07:00 UTC 24/09/2005 End: 19:00 UTC 24/09/2005 |
2006—Spring Tides | Fixed Station Start: 06:00 UTC 02/03/2006 End: 21:00 UTC 02/03/2006 ADCP Transects Start: 07:00 UTC 02/03/2006 End: 19:00 UTC 02/03/2006 | Fixed Station Start: 19:00 UTC 28/02/2006 End: 09:00 UTC 01/03/2006 ADCP Transects Start: 06:00 UTC 28/02/2006 End: 19:00 UTC 28/02/2006 |
2006—Neap Tides | Fixed Station Start: 07:00 UTC 02/03/2006 End: 21:00 UTC 02/03/2006 ADCP Transects Start: 07:00 UTC 02/03/2006 End: 19:00 UTC 02/03/2006 | Fixed Station Start: 18:00 UTC 07/03/2006 End: 09:00 UTC 08/03/2006 ADCP Transects Start: 10:00 UTC 08/03/2006 End: 24:00 UTC 08/03/2006 |
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B | A | #Points | R2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minho 2005 | 0.027 | −4.503 | 9 | 0.212 | 0.212 |
Douro 2005 | 0.030 | −4.943 | 13 | 0.408 | 0.019 |
Minho 2006 | 0.010 | −3.048 | 11 | 0.311 | 0.075 |
Douro 2006 | 0.018 | −3.539 | 5 | 0.587 | 0.131 |
>63 µm % | <63 µm % | Gravel (%) | Sand (%) | Silt (%) | Clay (%) | Mean (mm) | σ | D50 (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minho | Upper | 92.4 | 7.6 | 20.0 | 72.4 | 6.7 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 0.34 | 0.61 |
Lower | 99.1 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 95.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.53 | |
Douro | Upper | 98.3 | 1.7 | 49.5 | 48.8 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 2.06 | 0.33 | 2.09 |
Middle | 78.8 | 21.2 | 33.4 | 45.4 | 19.2 | 2 | 0.60 | 0.20 | 0.75 | |
Lower | 90.85 | 9.15 | 50.8 | 40.1 | 8.3 | 0.8 | 1.38 | 0.26 | 1.64 |
>63 µm % | <63 µm % | Gravel (%) | Sand (%) | Silt (%) | Clay (%) | Mean (mm) | σ | D50 (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minho | 2005 | 3.8 | 96.2 | 0 | 3.8 | 79.2 | 17.0 | 0.009 | 0.36 | 0.010 |
2006 | 6.2 | 93.8 | 0 | 6.2 | 787 | 15.1 | 0.011 | 0.33 | 0.011 | |
Douro | 2005 | 5.0 | 95.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 78.0 | 17.0 | 0.010 | 0.34 | 0.011 |
2006 | 3.8 | 96.2 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 80.4 | 15.9 | 0.011 | 0.35 | 0.011 |
Survey Duration (Hours) (% of Total Tidal Cycle) | Water (×106 m3) | Sediments (×103 kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
20.SEP.2005 SPRING TIDE (12.3 h) 70.1 m3/s * | Barra | 12 (97%) | 2 | 50 |
StnFix | 11.9 (97%) | 6 | 7 | |
26.SEP.2005 Neap tide (13.8 h) 113.1 m3/s * | Barra | 11.8 (85%) | −6 | −5 |
StnFix | 11.8 (85%) | −5 | −10 | |
02.MAR.2006 Spring tide (12.5 h) 477.3 m3/s * | Barra | 11.1 (89%) | −8 | −70 |
StnFix | 12 (96%) | 2 | −3 | |
09.MAR.2006 Neap tide (12.6 h) 557.4 m3/s * | Barra | 12.3 (98%) | −20 | −100 |
StnFix | 10.8 (85%) | −4 | −30 |
Survey Duration (Hours) (% of Total Tidal Cycle) | Water (×106 m3) | Sediments (×103 kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
18.SEP.2005 SPRING TIDE (12 h) 0 m3/s * | Barra | 11.2 (93%) | 10 | 30 |
StnFix | 11.2 (93%) | 5 | 20 | |
24.SEP.2005 NEAP TIDE (12.2 h) 83.41 m3/s * | Barra | 11.4 (93%) | 2 | 4 |
StnFix | 11.4 (93%) | −1 | −4 | |
28.FEB.2006 SPRING TIDE (12 h) 268.85 m3/s * | Barra | 13.4 (111%) | −3 | −20 |
StnFix | 13.6 (113%) | −8 | −60 | |
7.MAR.2006 NEAP TIDE (12.4 h) 569.25 m3/s * | Barra | 13.9 (112%) | −30 | −200 |
StnFix | 13.9 (112%) | −30 | −300 |
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Santos, A.I.; Oliveira, A.; Pinto, J.P.; Freitas, M.C. Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Patterns in the Minho and Douro Estuaries (NW Portugal) Based on ADCP Monitoring Data: Part 1-Tidal Sediment Exchanges. Coasts 2021, 1, 31-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts1010003
Santos AI, Oliveira A, Pinto JP, Freitas MC. Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Patterns in the Minho and Douro Estuaries (NW Portugal) Based on ADCP Monitoring Data: Part 1-Tidal Sediment Exchanges. Coasts. 2021; 1(1):31-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts1010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Ana Isabel, Anabela Oliveira, José Paulo Pinto, and M. Conceição Freitas. 2021. "Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Patterns in the Minho and Douro Estuaries (NW Portugal) Based on ADCP Monitoring Data: Part 1-Tidal Sediment Exchanges" Coasts 1, no. 1: 31-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts1010003